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1、高级英语 精品课程 第一册 制作人： 徐李洁,Lesson Nine Mark Twain Mirror of America,Advanced English,Teaching Objectives Of the Unit,To acquaint students with the major events in the history of USA. To acquaint students with the life and writing of Mark Twain. To acquaint students with biographic writing. To help stude
2、nts to appreciate the rich rhetorical devices in the text,Questions to consider for pre-reading. Why does the author say that Mark Twain is the mirror of America?,Advanced English,The assertion that Mark Twain is the mirror of America is made in two senses. First, Mark Twains exciting, adventuresome
3、 life stories themselves mirror a part of true American history, and the life of ordinary American people. Second, his life experience furnished him with a wide knowledge of humanity, as well as with the perfect grasp of local customs and speech, which Mark Twain has manifested so well in his writin
4、g. His works mirror the real society of his time. Mark Twain is a part of America. As a man, he grew up with America as a country (a young country) As a writer, he grew up with America, moved along with America, from innocence to experience.,Advanced English,Mark Twain: Samuel Langhorne Clemens (183
5、5-1910). two fathoms deep. His Life _ Historic Events of USA Tramp printer River pilot - Prosperous Mississippi River Transcontinental Railroads Guerrilla The Civil War Prospector - Gold Rush Reporter - Westward Expansion Correspondent - Europe, the Holy Land Writer - Tom Sawyers innocence Huck Finn
6、s experience,Advanced English,Advanced English,Textual Structure,Part One,Question: How was Mark Twain introduced? - his outstanding achievements as a writer who created two immortal characters - his multi-sided personality: adventurous, patriotic, romantic, humorist, cynical, bitter, sad.,Advanced
7、English,. Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finns idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyers endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nations best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined
8、. I found another Twain as well one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.,Advanced English,Part One,. All modern American literature comes from
9、 one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn. . There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since. -Ernest Hemingway One of his greatest accomplishments was the development of a writing style that was distinctly American, rather than an imitation of the style of English writers. Twai
10、n made a more extensive combination of American folk humor and serious literature than previous writers had done. (local colorism, a dominant fashion from 1860s1900s) The loose rhythms of the language in his books give the impression of real speech. Twains realistic prose style has influenced numero
11、us American writers.,Advanced English,Part One,.,Advanced English,Part One,Words and Expressions rememberas 鲁迅创造了阿Q, 这是大多数的中国人所熟知的. Most Chinese people remember Lu Xun as the father of Ah Qu. (every bit ) as as anyone has ever imagined 她的美丽无与伦比. She is as beautiful as any one has ever imagined. I am
12、 every bit as sorry about it as you are 鲁迅, 这位最受中国人民喜爱的作家之一,他的爱国热情、尖刻而幽默的笔调都达到了登峰造极的地步。 Lu Xun, one of best-loved authors in China, was every bit as patriotic, acid-tongued and humorous as anyone has ever imagined.,cynical, a cynicdenying the sincerity of peoples motives and actions; seeing no goodn
13、ess in human behavior. having little faith in human sincerity or goodness. a cynical man / a cynical attitude / a cynical smile With that cynical outlook he doesnt trust anyone. profound to emphasize that sth. is very great and intense His love/feeling for his country was profound. profound anger/ s
14、hock/ disagreement. a profound idea, work, person-shows great intellectual depth and understanding. This book is full of profound insights 深邃的见解.,Advanced English,cynical; profound,Part One,deal, obsess with , frailties,deal sb. a blow to cause sb. great difficulties He dealt me a hard blow on the c
15、hin The news dealt me a severe blow obsess: v . To occupy the mind of excessively, keep thinking about sth and find it difficult to think about anything else. 使着迷, 困扰 I must admit that diamonds obsess me. She stopped drinking and began obsessing about her weight He was obsessed with rocknroll 她晚年一直受
16、到死亡恐惧的困扰。 The fear of death obsessed her throughout her old age frailty: a weakness of character or behavior. One of the frailties of human nature is laziness. Frailty, thy name is woman! (Hamlet),Advanced English,Part One,Part Two Paragraphs 2-6 Cultural Background -the Mississippi River -Lynching
17、-pioneering humanity -transcontinental railroads -the Civil War Recommended movies: Gone with Wind Great Debaters,Advanced English,(Para 2),General introduction of Mark Twains life experiences tramp printer, river pilot guerrilla prospector writer /lecturer starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic,A
18、dvanced English,Part Two,Words and Expressions digest: vt Fish is easy to digest. Have you digested the report yet? All this upset me. I need some time to digest it all. It took her a while to digest the bad news. 过了一会儿她才接受了这个坏消息 Digest: n.a collection of pieces and writings Readers Digest (读者文摘) So
19、me books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. ( Francis Bacon) 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则需咀嚼消化。,Advanced English,Part Two,attest: v . to. Be or give clear proof of sth. 他对危机的处理证明了他性格坚强。 His handling of the crisis attested (to) his strength of character. 她的迅速提升体现了她的
20、杰出才干。 Her outstanding ability was attested by her rapid promotion. His beautifully painted pictures well attest his love of his hometown. score: twenty Four scores and seven years ago our forefathers(87 years) scores of : large number, more than dozens but smaller than hundreds dozen: twelve dozens
21、of A decade; decades of,Advanced English,Part Two,River Pilot Life on the Mississippi,Hannibal,When I was a little boy, there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our village on the west bank of the Mississippi river. That was, to be a steam-boatman. We had transient ambitions of othe
22、r sorts, but they were only transient. When a circus came and went, it left us all burning to become clowns; now and then we had a hope that, if we lived and were good, God would permit us to be pirates. These ambitions faded out, each in its turn; but the ambition to be a steam-boatman always remai
23、ned.” (p.21),Part Two,Advanced English,What was the importance of the River to Mark Twains writing?,marked the real beginning of his education e.g pilothouse talks of feuds, piracies, lynchings, medicine shows, savage waterside slums acquainted him with every possible type of human nature, from whom
24、 he gained keen perception of the human race e.g. pioneers, hustlers, gamblers, thugs soaked up in the colorful language that he would record in his later writing,Advanced English,Part Two,Words and Expressions,drain: v. to receive the waters of this area and carry them to the ocean; or to carry awa
25、y the surface water. 流过,把(水)排掉,消耗掉 water from the pond They wanted to the land The illness ed his strength The nations resources were ed by the war He ed his parents of every penny they had. Drainage system 排水系统 Drainage basin 流域,Advanced English,Part Two,Advanced English,teem with ; resurface; soak
26、 up teem with: be full of, be swarming or crowded with充满 The river teems with all kinds of fish in summer. The woodlands teemed with wild life. Hainan teems with tourists in winter. resurface: to become important and noticeable again These ideas resurfaced in the American civil rights movement. The
27、disease was said to have resurfaced in three countries. soak up: to take in, to absorb He got out his handkerchief to soak up the blood. The reporter soaked up new information like a sponge. My clothes are soaking wet. Dont stand in the rain. You will be soaked through.,Part Two,cast of characters p
28、ilothouse talk of feuds, piracies, lynchings, medicine shows, savage waterside slums. The colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographic main current of pioneering humanity its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs What people claim to be and what they really are. rail
29、roads began to dry up the demand for steamboat pilots A motley band of guerillas dry up: (put) (come) to an end In hot weather, the lake/well/spring dries up. After his third novel, his imagination seemed to dry up. He spends easily as if his money never dries up. Lets dry up these glasses and get d
30、own to work. Dry book/lecture/film/speech,Advanced English,Part Two,Part Two Paragraphs 7-13 Background Information -The Gold Rush -Westward Expansion -the Old World, the New world -the Holy Land,The old world vs. the new world,The Old World consists of those parts of Earth known as Europeans, Asian
31、s, and Africans before the voyages of Christopher Columbus; it includes Europe, Asia, and Africa (collectively known as Africa-Eurasia), plus surrounding islands. The term is in distinction from the New World, meaning the Americas. Although the interiors of Asia and Africa were not well known to Eur
32、opeans at the time, their existence was known, as were Japan and South Africa, which are also considered Old World. Oceania and Antarctica are neither definitely Old World nor New World, since the terms “Old World“ and “New World“ predate their discovery by Europeans.,Holy Land From Wikipedia, the f
33、ree encyclopedia,The expression The Holy Land generally refers to the Land of Israel. It concerns the areas that hold significant religious importance to any or all three monotheistic Abrahamic traditions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. 1) The core reason why Jews view the land as holy is due to t
34、he special status the Bible gives it with regard to Jewish religious observance, together with the fact that Jerusalem was the site of the Temple. 2) The Holy Land is significant in Christianity, mainly because it is the place of birth, Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth, the Saviour
35、or Messiah to Christianity. (see 耶稣受难记） 3) Sharing similar religious beliefs with Jews and Christians, Muslims consider the land west of (but not limited to) the Jordan River to be Sacred as mentioned in the Quran, (5:20-21).,Paragraph 7,He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of go
36、ld and silver fever in Nevadas Washoe region. For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed. Broke and discouraged, he accepted a job as reporter with the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, to literatures enduring gratitude.,Words
37、 and expressions,Succumb to; flirt with; succumb to gave way to, yielded to, submitted to 屈服，屈从于，听从 The government succumbed to the pressure of the press. 政府已屈服于报界的压力。 Jiang Jie-shi succumbed to the pressure of the public and formed a united front with the Communist Party against the Japanese. flirt
38、 withmake love for amusement, without serious intention She flirts with every handsome man she meets. Dont take her seriously, poor boy. Shes only flirting with you. (fig) pretend to be interested in, think about, but not seriously. Hes been flirting with the idea of going to New York. flirtatious g
39、irl,Advanced English,Part Two,Rebuff: to reject bluntly; 回绝, 断然拒绝 She rebuffed all my offers of friendship. The attempt of friendship was rebuffed with a cold look. We tried to be friendly, but his rebuff made me think that he wanted to left alone. to literatures enduring gratitudean adverbial of re
40、sult. To my surprise/ satisfaction/ disappointment / delight / horror / astonishment / dismay/ amusement/ to my knowledge （据我所知）,Advanced English,Part Two,Paragraph 8,From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humoris
41、t. The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax. In the spring of 1864, less than two years after joining the Territorial Enterprise, he boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco, then and now a hotbe
42、d of hopeful young writers.,His pen would prove mightier than his pickax. Metonymy: a figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated. Metaphor: a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinar
43、ily and primarily used for one thing is applied to another. Identify: Habit is a cable. Beware of the bottle. Some books are to be tasted. Time is money. Have you ever read Mark Twain? The kettle is boiling (1.metonymy; 2. meto; 3. metaphor; 4. meta;5. meto; 5. meto;),Advanced English,Part Two,the c
44、rown-the king , Mississippi -the main artery of heart 独眼龙， 带帽子的, 向日葵，穿山甲， 大好河山, 马尾松， 带鱼，山腰.,Synecdoche (提喻）a figure of speech in which a part is used for a whole, an individual for a class, a material for a thing, or the reverse of any of these. Identify metonymy and synecdoche in the following: Let
45、s drink a cup or two. They were short of hands. The pen is mightier than the sword. He could hardly earn his everyday bread. Put down the steel. We had dinner at ten dollars a head. He is a brave heart. I am a man who lets the head rule the heart. Standard: metonymy: 非隶属关系; synecdoche: 隶属关系 (1.meto;
46、 2. syn; 3. meto; 4. syn; 5. syn; 6. syn; 7. syn; 8. meto),Paragraph 9,His descriptions of the rough-country settlers there ring familiarly in modern world accustomed to the trend-setting on the West Coast. “It was a splendid population for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at hom
47、e.It was that population that gave to California a name for getting up astounding enterprises and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost and consequences, which she bears unto this day and when she projects a new surprise the grave world smiles as usual, a
48、nd says Well, that is California all over.,Words and Expressions,take a distinctly an American book a new world vs. an old world In Henry James The Ambassador” Americans - energy, vigor, innocence, roughness, dash and daring Europeans - sophistication, refined, gracefulness hypocritical, arrogant A
49、milestone, of sorts, in a countrys development glowing travelogue,Advanced English,Part Two,The Last Supper,(Italian: Il Cenacolo or LUltima Cena) is a 15th century mural painting in Milan, created by Leonardo da Vinci for his patron Duke Lodovico Sforza. It represents the scene of The Last Supper from the final days of Jesus as depicted in the Bible. The painti