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1、为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。,Ellipsis,Look at these pairs of sentences. Discuss the difference between A and B in each pair, Also discuss which is the better sentence and why. A: You can get burned by hot liquids and you can get burned by steam. B: You can get burned by hot liquids and st
2、eam. A: Tie a bandage firmly over the burnt area. When a bandage is necessary. B: Tie a bandage firmly over the burnt area. When necessary. A: These burns are not serious and they should feel better within a day or two days. B: These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two d
3、ays.,省略的目的 1。避免重复，减少累赘。 Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day , but he didnt come to school to see me . 2。连接紧密，结构紧凑。 John was the winner in 1994 and Bob was the winner in 1998. 3.强调重点，突出信息 Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy(虚伪) speaks too loud.,句子成分的省略,1。主语的省略， I beg your pardon
4、 . You come in please. It sounds like a good idea. 2。谓语或谓语的一部分。 Is there anything I can do for you ? Is anybody here? 3.宾语或表语。 Lets do the dishes, I will wash and you will dry them . Where has Mr Smith gone? -sorry, I dont know where he has gone . 4.主语和谓语，或主语和谓语的一部分。 Are you hungry? I want orange ju
5、ice ,please. 5.不定式to 后省略动词。 Would you like to come to the party? -I would love to come to the party. They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to visit their parents.,1,简单句的省略。 1，在对话中回答问题时，常有许多成分被省略。 -How is your mother today? -(she is ) Much better . 2.陈述句中的省略。 （I am ) Glad to see you ,
6、 ( I am) Not feeling very well today. 3.在疑问句，祈使句，感叹句中的省略。 Open the door . What a cold day! (is there) anything I can do for you? 4.名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺，住宅，教堂，或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物。 At her mothers (house). 5.在对别人的话作出反映，说出看法或提问时。 -He wont come . -why ?( wont he come),在并列句中，如果后面分句与前面分句有相同的部分，就常常被省略，以避免重复。有时省略也出现在
7、前一个分句，或前后两个分句都出现省略。 Rewrite these sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts. 1.The skin is an essential part of your body and the skin is your bodys largest organ. The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. 2.These burns affect the top layer of the skin and they also affec
8、t the second layer of the skin. These burns affect both the top and the second layer of the skin . 3.He went to the doctor because he had to go the doctor. 4.Someone borrowed my pen, but I dont remember who borrowed it .,2,Ellipsis,3,在状语从句中，如果谓语动词是be ，主语和主句的主语是一致的或主语是it .主语和be 常可以省略。 1.He trembled a
9、 little while he was doing so. 2.The exhibition is more interesting that it was expected . 3.Though he was exhausted, he stayed up late . 4.You work hard when you are young ,or you will regret . 5.While I was walking along the street , I heard my name called . 6.My father was reading the book while
10、my mom was cooking 7.I see the city from the top of the hill, the city looks like a big garden.,exercise,1.When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A completed . B completing . C being completed. D to be completed . 2.When first _ to the market ,these products enjoyed great success.
11、A introducing . B introduced . C introduce. D being introduced . 3._with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all . A compare. B when comparing . C comparing . D when compared. 4.The research is so designed that once _nothing can be done to change it . A begins . B hav
12、ing begun . C beginning . D begun .,在虚拟条件从句中有were ,had 或 should 时可省略if. 把were ,had ,should 提到句首。构成部分倒装句式。在表示建议，命令，要求等时，相关的名词性从句谓语动词要求用should +v. should可以省略。 If he had taken my advice, he would have succeed . had he taken my advice, he would have succeed. It is suggested that we should go to see the
13、film. It is suggested that we go to see the film .,exercise,1._fired , your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off . A would you be, B should you be . C could you be . D sounds. 2._it rain tomorrow ,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A were. B should . C
14、 would . D will . 3.What would have happened _ as far as the river bank? A Bob had walked farther . B if Bob should walk farther . C had Bob walked farther . D if Bob walked farther . 4.Janes pale face suggested that she _ill, and her parents suggested that she _a medical examination . A be ,should
15、have. B was , have . C should be , had . D was ,has . 5._be sent to work there? A ,who do you suggest. B who do you suggest that should . C Do you suggest who should . D, Do you suggest .,4,定语从句与名词性从句的省略。 1。在限制性定语从句中，做宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that 可以省略。 The girl (who/that /whom) the teacher spoke to is
16、Li Ling . 2.在say, know, think, consider等动词后所接的宾语从句中，连词that 可以省略。 He said (that ) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart . 3.由which ,when ,where, how why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省略。 He will come back, but he doesnt know when (he will come back). 4.先行词the way 意为方式，方法时，后面可省略关系词。 Can you
17、tell the way I learn the English well? 5.先行词为the time, the moment , the minute . Every time 等时，可省去关系词（此时“先行词+从句”含义上相当于一个时间状语从句）。 She always brings me many snacks every time she drops in.,exercise,1.That is an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _ he s done for you A something. B anything
18、. C all . D that . 2.Playing tricks on others is _we should never do. A anything. B something . C everything. D nothing . 3.What surprised me was not what he said but _he said it . A the way. B in the way that . C in the way . D the way which 4.-why does she always ask you for help? - there is no on
19、e else_. Is there ? A who to turn to . B she can turn to . C for whom to turn . D for her to turn 5.The burn that she got from the iron was red . 6.Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday?,5,动词不定式的省略。不定式做某些动词的宾语时，（would like /love. Hope, wish, expect , refuse, mean, try, agree.）。可以省略，
20、通常保留to, 否定式为not to . 如果动词不定式中有be, 助动词have , have been 时，应保留。 1.I didnt want to work, but I had to work. 2.He didnt come , but he ought to have come . 3.They dont visit their parents as much as they ought to visit their parents. 4.-Would you like to come to the party? - I d love to come to the party.
21、 5.-Do you think it is going to rain over the weekend? -_ A I dont believe. B I dont believe it . C I believe not so . D I believe not .,exercise,1.-you should have thanked her before you left. -I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere . A to do . B to . C doing . D doing so . 2
22、.-The boys are not doing a good job at all , are they? -_ A I guess not so . B I dont guess . C I dont guess so . D I guess not . 3.A computer does only what thinking people_. A have it do . B have it done . C have done it . D having it done . 4.We have missed the last bus. I am afraid we have no ch
23、oice but _ a taxi. A to take . B taking . C take . D taken .,5.-would you like to go to the Great Theatre with me tonight?-_. A yes, I would like to go the Great Theatre with me tonight . B I d love to , but I have an exam tomorrow. C No, I wouldnt . D That is all right . 6.-Does your brother intend
24、 to study Germany? - yes, he intends_. A /. B to . C so . D that . 7.-I will be away on a business trip , would you mind looking after my car? -not at all. _. A I have no time . B I d rather not . C I d like it . D I d be happy to .,在动词like ,wish, try, plan, happy, glad 等后面接不定式，为 避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保
25、留不定式符号to.,6,宾语从句中用so, not进行省略回答。 用于避免重复前面说过的内容，代替肯定的名词性从句，可与动词believe, do ,expect, fear, guess, hope, say , speak, suppose ,think . I am afraid连用，肯定时上面动词都可与so搭配，否定时hope ,guess 只用I hope not . I guess not .形式。而think, believe, suppose等词可有两种否定形式。I think not , I dont think so . 1.Do you think it will rai
26、n? I guess so (that it will rain). 2.Can you finish the work today? I think so (that I can finish) 3.Can you postpone it?(延期） I am afraid not .( that I cant postpone it . ) 4.Will it rain tomorrow? I hope not (that it wont rain.),exercise,1.-you havent lost the ticket, have you? -_, I know it is not
27、 easy to get another one at the moment . A I hope not . B Yes, I have . C I hope so . D yes, I am afraid so. 2.-The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? -_ A it isnt the same . B it cant be true. C I dont think so . D I d rather not . 3.-I believe we have met somewhere before. - No, _. A
28、it isnt the same . B it cant be true, C I dont think so . D I d rather not .,have a test,1.-Guess what! I came across an old friend at the party last night . -_I am sure you had a wonderful time . A Sounds good!. B Very well !. C .How nice! D .All right!. 2.-Lets go and have a good drink tonight. -_
29、Have you got the first prize in the competition? A What for ? B Thanks a lot. C Yes, I d like to . D Why not? 3.-I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. -_good. A Sound . B Sounded. C Sounding . D Sounds. 4.I have never seen anyone run so fast-_David go . A just watch . B just to watch
30、 . C just watching . D just having watched,5.One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _. A the other is white. B another white . C the other white . D another is white. 6.-Write to me when you get home. -_ A I must . B I should . C I will . D I can . 7.The man we followed suddenly
31、 stopped and looked as if _whether he was going in the right direction. A seeing . B having seen . C to have seen . D to see . 8.-Your coffee smells great! -It is from Mexico, Would you like _? A it . B some . C this . D little .,9.The police found that the house _ and a lot of things_. A has broken
32、 into , has been stolen . B had broken into. Had been stolen . C has been broken into , stolen . D had been broken into , stolen . 10.The piano in the other shop will be _, but _. A cheaper, not as better . B more cheap , not as better . C cheaper . Not as good . D more cheap . Not as good . 11.John
33、 gives me more help than_. A Tom is . B Tom has . C Tom does . D Tom gives .,12._the temperature, _water turns into steam. A , the high , the fast. B higher, faster . C the more higher, the faster. D the higher , the faster. 13.-Do you think it is going to rain over the weekend? -_. A I dont believe
34、. B I dont believe it . C I believe not so . D I believe not . 14.-Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -_ A I dont . B I wont . C I cant . D I havent 15.-Go for a picnic this weekend, ok? -_. I love getting close to nature. A I couldnt agree more. B I am afraid not . C I believe not . D I dont think so . 16.-Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer? -_? A what for . B what is it . C how is it . D how come.,Thank you!,Bye-bye,