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1、CENTURY BUSINESS ENGLISH,,大连理工大学出版社,阅读教程（基础篇2）（第四版）,世纪商务英语,主编：王洗薇,Unit Five Human Resources Management,,大连理工大学出版社,Human Resources Management,Human Resources Management (HRM) performs a large number of tasks in order to make the organization run smoothly. Training of employees and a fair compensation
2、 plan play two important roles. Without them, employees will become unsatisfied and leave the company.,Human Resources Management,Undoubtedly, recruitment of employees directly influences the efficiency of an organization. So, during the recruiting process, preparations for interview questions and a
3、 formal interview should be done seriously. In addition to HR content, you are going to learn more about skimming in this unit.,Human Resources Management,Reading Skill Focus,Words and Expressions,Practical Reading,Comprehensive Reading,Reading Skill Focus,Skimming (2),Since you have known the diffe
4、rence between “scanning” and “skimming” as well as the general idea of“skimming”, you need to sharpen your skills! Remember:,1. Read only the first and the last paragraphs.,Reading Skill Focus,Generally, a writers opinion or attitude will be presented in the first paragraph, and emphasized again or
5、just restated in the last paragraph. Sometimes the writer may draw a conclusion in the last paragraph. By reading the first paragraph, or sometimes both the first and the last paragraphs, you may become very clear about what is focused on in the writing.,Reading Skill Focus,2. Read only the first se
6、ntence of each paragraph. When reading business reports or articles, you may need just to know a brief idea about them, and sometimes you just dont have to read the literature completely. Then reading the first sentence of each paragraph will be helpful enough for you to grip quite well the main ide
7、a, for the first sentence of each paragraph could convey a lot of important information about the subject.,Reading Skill Focus,3. Search for some key words and phrases. Some special words may be very sensitive to people in some cases. Under such circumstances, skimming some words or phrases becomes
8、very practical. When skimming, your eyes begin to slide down a column of words, names or figures; you are vaguely aware of other words; you react positively only when the right one comes along.,Reading Skill Focus,AGuided Practice,Sample 1,Read the following passage quickly and choose the best answe
9、r for the question that follow.,The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement.,Reading Skill Focus,Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few
10、 years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters (节食者) with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic（特定饮食的,营养的），but just regular bread.,Reading Skill Focus,On the positive side，emotional appeals may respond to a consumers real concern
11、s. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance.,Reading Skill Focus,The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most peopl
12、e. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads，they will benefit from the advertising.,Reading Skill Focus,Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intend
13、ed to appeal to consumers，but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.,Reading Skill Focus,The passage is mainly about_. A. ways to make a wise buying decision B. ways to protect the interests of the consumers C. the positive and negative aspects
14、of advertising D. the function of advertisements in promoting sales,阅读每一段的第一句，通过归纳总结，可以得出选 项C是正确答案。,Reading Skill Focus,Sample 2,Read the following paragraphs quickly and choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs 1-4. Therere more headings than you will need.,List of Headings,Reading Skill Fo
15、cus,Paragraph 1 Most students become involved in activities organized by the Unions societies and committees. Over 140 groups provide for academic, national, religious, political and other recreational interests.,Reading Skill Focus,Every fortnight, for example, students produce Steel Press, which i
16、s one of the countrys leading student newspapers, the Arts Council organizes regular exhibitions in the Unions Gallery, and the Theatre Company stages several productions each year in the Drama Studio, which is recognized as one of the best-equipped university theatres. 划线部分是主题句，由此可以判断这段的主题是2. Stude
17、nt Activities。,Reading Skill Focus,There are almost 60 Union sports clubs, providing a wide range of sporting opportunities. In addition to the traditional sports, there is a chance to take up activities such as hang-gliding, korfball or snowboarding. The clubs offer opportunities for competitive sp
18、ort at the highest level, as well as participation for the fun of it.,Paragraph 2,划线部分是主题句，由此可以判断本段的主题是sports clubs 和sporting opportunities，由此可以判断这段的主题是4. Sport,Reading Skill Focus,Paragraph 3,The Union has established the Octagon Centre as a major venue on the national circuit for the very best in
19、live music. A varied program offers the latest bands，together with jazz，rock and comedy. A range of other venues includes“The Foundry”，a popular nightclub，and rooms for private parties. The Union also has its own cinema，which screens four films each week.,划线部分是本段的关键词,由此可以判断本段的主题是3. Entertainment,Rea
20、ding Skill Focus,B. Challenge Yourself,Challenge 1,Read the following passage quickly and choose the best answer for the questions that follow.,It is, as everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges
21、 explanation.,Reading Skill Focus,Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will“obey”spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though t
22、he word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.,Reading Skill Focus,Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies mak
23、e to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on.,Reading Skill Focus,But since these can not be
24、said to show the babys intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire(能发出的全部声音).,Reading Skill Focus,This
25、 self-imitation leads on to deliberate (有意识的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.,Reading Skill Focus,The authors purpose in writing the second paragraph is t
26、o show that children _. A. usually obey without asking questions B. are passive in the process of learning to speak C. are born cooperative D. learn to speak by listening,( ),D,Reading Skill Focus,2. The third paragraph is mainly about _. A. the development of babiesearly forms of language B. the di
27、fficulties of babies in learning to speak C. babiesstrong desire to communicate D. babiesintention to communicate,( ),A,Reading Skill Focus,3. The best title for this passage would be _. A. How Babies Learn to Speak B. Early Forms of Language C. A Huge Task for Children D. Noise Making and Language
28、Learning,( ),A,Reading Skill Focus,Challenge 2,Read the following paragraphs quickly and choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs 1-4 from the following list of headings. There are more headings than you will need.,List of Headings,Reading Skill Focus,Paragraph 1,The Unions services include
29、a range of bars and food outlets, including a continental cafe bar, as well as two local pubs. There is a shop, travel agency, printing service and launderette.,Reading Skill Focus,All these services offer good value and quality as well as generating funds to support other student activities. The Un
30、ion Building also houses banks and other retail services, together with rooms to meet, study and relax.,Reading Skill Focus,Paragraph 2,Representatives appointed by the Union sit on most of the main University committees to put forward student views. There are also hundreds of students elected to se
31、rve on departmental and faculty committees, who receive support and training from the Union. Student views are also represented to local organizations, and nationally through the National Union of Students.,Reading Skill Focus,Paragraph 3,A team of experienced staff in the Unions Student Advice Cent
32、re handles more than 20,000 enquiries each year on grants, housing and other welfare matters. Specialist advisers deal with the problems of international, postgraduates and mature students. Information is published on a wide range of issues, and a student-run information and listening service is pro
33、vided throughout the night.,Reading Skill Focus,Paragraph 4 The Union encourages students to play a full part in the life of the city. Many are involved in Student Community Action, which organizes projects with children, people with disabilities, the elderly, the homeless and other groups.,Reading
34、Skill Focus,The Conversation Volunteers organize a range of activities in the city and the Peak District, and the Charities Appeal raises money for local and national charities through a variety of events.,Comprehensive Reading,Text A,What Does the HR Department Do?,Suggested Reading Time: 8.5 min.,
35、1. The Human Resources Department does a variety of jobs. Some of them are important while others are essential. The following tasks are those carried out on routine.,on routine常规性地，惯例地,译文,人力资源部履行多种职能，其中一些很重要，另一些则必不可少。下面列出的就是部分常规性的工作,Comprehensive Reading,Training and Development 2. In a knowledge-b
36、ased organization, all staff must obtain new skills and knowledge to meet the changing requirements of their present jobs or for career development purposes.,译文,对于一个不断更新知识以谋求发展的企业，所有员工都必须获得新的技能和知识以适应目前不断变化的工作要求或达到自身事业发展的目的,Comprehensive Reading,An organization has to invest in proper training for it
37、s staff in order to keep pace with the development of technology and knowledge needed. The staff can accomplish the organizations tasks and goals well at their best.,accomplish 完成,译文,因此，为了与所需的技术和知识的发展保持同步，企业必须出资对其员工进行适当的培训，从而使员工具备最佳工作状态，圆满完成企业的任务和目标,Comprehensive Reading,3 . Training is one element
38、of a comprehensive personnel management system Adequate investment in training to maintain and improve its human capital is a key strategic goal of the organization.,译文,培训是完整的人事管理系统的一个组成部分。在培训方面投入足够的资金，维持和提高人力资本，是企业的一个重要战略目标,Comprehensive Reading,Planning Financial Compensation 4. A fair compensatio
39、n plan for employees is important. Wages and salaries stand for a considerable part of an organizations expenses. If they are priced excessively, the cost of an organizations products may become too high to be competitive in the market.,译文,给员工公平的报酬是至关重要的。周薪和月薪在企业的支出中占有相当的分量。假如给员工开价过高， 企业产品的成本就会过高而在市
40、场中失去竞争力,Comprehensive Reading,Nevertheless, inadequate financial compensation may influence employees attitude to work. Without fair payment, employees will become unsatisfied and may leave the organization.,译文,然而，报酬不足又会影响到员工对工作的态度。没有公平的报酬，员工就会感到不满，就有可能离开企业,Comprehensive Reading,5. A compensation pl
41、an deals with evaluating the relevant value of all jobs within the organization. Meanwhile, employeesefforts should also be put into consideration.,译文,报酬方案涉及对企业内部所有工作的相关价值进行评估，同时，还要考虑员工的努力程度,relevant 有关的,相应的,Comprehensive Reading,Compensation for a specific job is typically determined through a wage
42、/salary study. It is concerned with job evaluations, rates paid by competitors, cost of living, law and the organizations ability to pay.,译文,某一个特定工作的报酬要通过专门的周薪/月薪研究才能决定。它涉及工作评价、竞争者支付的为了与所需的技术和知识的发展保持同步，企业出资对其员工进行适当的培训、生活成本、相关法律以及企业的支付能力。特定工作范畴内员工的报酬取决于工作的报酬和员工的生产力,Comprehensive Reading,Promoting and
43、 Transferring 6 . A promotion is a rise, or vertical movement within an organization to a position with more power, responsibility, and salary. In some companies, senioritythe length of time a person has been with the companyis the focus in determining who should be promoted.,promotion 提拔.晋升,译文,晋升即为
44、上升，是在企业内部转向一个权力更大、责任更大、薪水更高的职位的垂直移动。在一些公司里，资历员工在公司的年限往往成为决定谁将被提升的关键因素,Comprehensive Reading,Most managers prefer to base promotion on advantages. They base promotion on seniority only when they have employees with equal qualifications. However, good performance at one job gets no guarantee of good p
45、erformance at another.,译文,大多数经理偏爱根据优势来决定晋升。他们只有在（两名）员工具备相同资质的情况下，才按照资历（来决定谁）晋升。然而，在某一个工作岗位有好的表现不能保证在另一个工作岗位也会有好的表现,Comprehensive Reading,An employee who is skillful at mechanics may be unskillful at communication and management as a supervisor. If this employee is promoted，the organization would los
46、e a good mechanic and get a lower-level supervisor. In such a case，the employees rewards should be in some form other than a promotion.,译文,一位精通机械的员工，也许作为管理人员，却在交际和管理方面一窍不通。假如提拔了这位员工，那么，企业就失去了一名好的机械师而得到一位低水平的管理员。在这种情况下，应该通过其他形式奖励该员工而不应该提拔他,Comprehensive Reading,7. A transfer is a horizontal move from
47、 one job to another within a company. Transfers allow workers to obtain new skills or to find a new position within an organization when their old position has been removed because of automation，decreased sales or some other factors.,译文,调动是公司内部从一个工种转向另一个工种的水平移动。被调动的员工基本上还是保留在原有的工资和工作水平之上。当企业中老的职位由于自
48、动化、销售下降或其他一些因素而被取消时，调动使员工可以获得新的技能或找到新的岗位,Comprehensive Reading,Practicing Profit Sharing 8. Profit sharing deals with distributing a percentage of company profits to the employees whose work helped generate those profits. Some profit-sharing plans involve distributing shares of company stock to empl
49、oyees.,译文,利润分享是指将一定比例的公司利润分配给那些为公司工作，使公司获得这些利润的员工。有的利润分享计划包括将公司的股份分配给员工,Comprehensive Reading,Usually referred to as ESOPsEmployee Stock Ownership Plans. One reason for the popularity of profit sharing is the sense of partnership gained which is carried between the organization and employees.,译文,近年来颇为流行的是一种被称为ESOPs的形式，即：员工股票拥有计划。利润分享广受欢迎的一个原因是企业和员工之间形成的“