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1、跟单信用证统一惯例（UCP600）,于强 2006年11月 杭州,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,2,主要内容,UCP600产生的背景及过程 UCP600与UCP500的比较分析 UCP600实施后对于不同当事人的影响 UCP600实施后出口商制单须注意的问题 UCP600实施后开证行拒付及拒付后单据的处理,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,3,UCP600产生的背景及过程,信用证统一惯例修订进程的“十年之痒” 1933年国际商会第82号出版物 1952年国际商会第151号出版物 1962年国际商会第222号出版
2、物 1973年国际商会第290号出版物 1983年国际商会第400号出版物 1993年国际商会第500号出版物（仍在实施中） 2006年国际商会第600号出版物（计划于2007年7月实施）,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,4,UCP600产生的背景及过程,UCP600修订的背景 自UCP500生效以来，银行实务中围绕500产生的争议层出不穷*。为此，ICC于2002年初成立UCP修订工作小组，提出修订UCP500的动议。 国际商会有关UCP500的系列出版物 Position Paper No.1,2,3,4 （修改/议付/非单据化条件/运输单据） P
3、ublication No.515/535/565/596 URR525/ISP98/ISBP/Eucp *国际商会银行技术委员会遗憾而且关切地注意到，在UCP500实施以后，一些银行错误地解释和应用UCP500的一些条文。由于未能正确地运用这些条文，其结果严重防碍了按照UCP500开立的跟单信用证的使用。（Charles del BushChairman, ICC Commission on Banking Technique and Practice. Adopted from Foreword of Position Paper 1,2,3,4）,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Co
4、pyright Reserved,5,UCP600产生的背景及过程,在2002年4月的ICC银行委员会会议上，各国代表对何时、如何修订UCP500未达成一致意见（我国赞成立即开始修订），但一致同意先对产生最多争议的七个条款进行评议。因为ICC提出的专家意见中超过58集中在UCP500这七个条款上。,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,6,UCP600产生的背景及过程,在2002年10月ICC银行委员会会议上，银行委员会技术顾问GARY COLLYER提供了一份评议七条条款的报告： 第九条 开证行与保兑行的责任（共二十六次） 第十三条 审核单据的标准（共四十
5、三次） 第十四条 不符点单据与通知（共六十次） 第二十一条 对单据出单人或单据内容未作规定（共二十九次） 第二十三条 海运提单（共四十七次） 第三十七条 商业发票（共二十六次） 第四十八条 可转让信用证（共三十一次）,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,7,UCP600产生的背景及过程,多份研究报告显示，高比例、高频率发生的信用证拒付现象日益危机信用证在国际结算中的地位。 IN THE EVENT THAT THE DOCUMENTS PRESENTED WITH DISCREPANCY, A DISCREPANT FEE OF USD60.00 OR E
6、QUIVALENT WILL BEN DEDUCTED FROM THE PROCEEDS.,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,8,UCP600产生的背景及过程,From Introduction of UCP500：单据不符是信用证支付方式下一种极为普遍的现象，从1993年修订的跟单信用证统一惯例的前言可以看出：“一些调查表明，大约5跟单信用证下的单据因与信用证不符或表面不符而被拒收，这降低了跟单信用证的效力，对参与有关产品交易的各方产生财务影响，增加了成本，减少了进口商、出口商和银行的利润。有关跟单信用证的诉讼案激增也引起了人们极大的关注。”,201
7、9/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,9,UCP600产生的背景及过程,From Introduction of UCP600：When work on the revision started, a number of global surveys indicated that, because of discrepancies, approximately 70% of documents presented under letters of credit were being rejected on first presentation. This obvi
8、ously had, and continues to have, a negative effect on the letter of credit being seen as a means of payment and, if unchecked, could have serious implications for maintaining or increasing its market share as a recognized means of settlement in international trade. 结论：信用证正日益成为拒付的工具。,2019/7/21,Yuqia
9、ng Copyright Reserved,10,UCP600产生的背景及过程,UCP600修订的过程 2003年5月，ICC正式授权ICC银行委员会启动UCP500修订工作 修订工作的三层组织架构： The drafting Group （起草小组） The Consulting Group （咨询小组） ICC national committees （国家委员会）,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,11,UCP600产生的背景及过程,The drafting Group小组成员 共10位成员，其中8位来自欧洲，其余两位分别来自美国和新加坡 小组主席
10、：Gary Collyer-ABN AMRO Bank N.V., London, England The Consulting Group小组成员 小组由来自26个国家的40余位专业人士组成 小组成员来自银行、运输及物流、保险等不同行业,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,12,UCP600产生的背景及过程,UCP600修订的过程 FIRST STEP-REVISION PROCESS： 全面回顾UCP500实施以来ICC发布的各类出版物、意见书及决定，吸收其中的合理条款。 关于正本单据 关于开证申请人与受益人详细地址 关于预装船提单装运日期的确认,20
11、19/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,13,UCP600产生的背景及过程,SECOND STEP-GENERAL OBJECTIVE： 全面反映近年来国际银行业、运输业和保险业出现的变化，并体现一定的前瞻性； 五个银行工作日 删除了运输行单据条款 明确了保险单据可以由代理人（proxies）出具,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,14,UCP600产生的背景及过程,全面检讨UCP500中的条款结构和文字措辞。 从A组到G组分类的模块式组合到流水式条款 通俗易懂、简约化的措辞 Nominated bank means the
12、 bank authorized in the credit to honour or negotiate or, in the case of a freely available credit, any bank. (UCP Draft June) Nominated bank means the bank with which the credit is available or any bank in the case of a credit available with any bank. (UCP Final Version),2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright
13、 Reserved,15,UCP600产生的背景及过程,THIRD STEP-CO-OPERATION： 建立稳定的三级合作机制 This revision of the UCP represents the culmination of over three years of extensive analysis, review, debate and compromise amongst the various members of the Drafting Group, the members of the Banking Commission and the respective IC
14、C national committees. From Gary Collyer,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,16,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Advising bank Applicant Banking day Beneficiary Complying presentation Confirmation Confirming bank,Credit Honour Issuing bank Negotiation Nominated bank Presentation Presenter,第一次系统地对有关信用证的14个概念进行了定义
15、,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,17,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Article 2 Definitions For the purpose of these rules: Advising bank means the bank that advises the credit at the request of the issuing bank. Applicant means the party on whose request the credit is issued.,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Rese
16、rved,18,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Banking day means a day on which a bank is regularly open at the place at which an act subject to these rules is to be performed. Beneficiary means the party in whose favour a credit is issued.,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,19,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Complying presentati
17、on means a presentation that is in accordance with the terms and conditions of the credit, the applicable provisions of these rules and international standard banking practice. Confirmation means a definite undertaking of the confirming bank, in addition to that of the issuing bank, to honour or neg
18、otiate a complying presentation.,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,20,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Confirming bank means the bank that adds its confirmation to a credit upon the issuing banks authorization or request. Credit means any arrangement, however named or described, that is irrevocable and thereby
19、 constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank to honour a complying presentation.,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,21,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Honour means: a.to pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment. b.to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the cre
20、dit is available by deferred payment. c.to accept a bill of exchange (“draft”) drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance.,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,22,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Honour means: a.to pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment
21、. b.to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred payment. c.to accept a bill of exchange (“draft”) drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance.,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,23,Article 19. Bank-to-
22、Bank Reimbursement Arrangements a. If an Issuing Bank intends that the reimbursement to which a paying, accepting or negotiating bank is entitled, shall be obtained by such bank (the “Claiming Bank“), claiming on another party ( the“Reimbursing Bank“), it shall provide such Reimbursing Bank in good
23、time with the proper instructions or authorization to honour such reimbursement claims. (UCP500) 第十九条 银行间的偿付约定 a开证行如欲通过另一银行（偿付行）对付款行、承兑行或议付行（均称“索偿行”）履行偿付时，开证行应及时向偿付行发出对此类索偿予以偿付的适当指示或授权。,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,24,hono(u)r 英汉简明辞典 n.尊敬, 敬意, 荣誉, 光荣 vt.尊敬, 给以荣誉 现代英汉综合大辞典 vt.给.以光荣; 礼遇; 赐给 尊敬
24、; 崇拜 【商】承兑; 兑现 hono(u)r a check 承兑支票,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,25,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Honour means: a.to pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment. b.to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred payment. c.to accept a bil
25、l of exchange (“draft”) drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance.,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,26,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Issuing bank means the bank that issues a credit at the request of an applicant or on its own behalf. Negotiation means the purcha
26、se by the nominated bank of drafts (drawn on a bank other than the nominated bank) and/or documents under a complying presentation, by advancing or agreeing to advance funds to the beneficiary on or before the banking day on which reimbursement is due to the nominated bank.,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyrig
27、ht Reserved,27,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,关于议付 UCP500 Article 10 （信用证的种类） Negotiation means the giving of value for Draft(s) and/or document(s) by the bank authorized to negotiate. Mere examination of the documents without giving of value does not constitute a negotiation.,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserv
28、ed,28,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,UCP500 Article 9 （开证行与保兑行的责任） An irrevocable Credit constitutes a definite undertaking of the Issuing Bank, provided that the stipulated documents are presented to the Nominated Bank or to the Issuing Bank and that the terms and conditions of the Credit are complied with: If
29、 the Credit provides for negotiation to pay without recourse to drawers and/or bona fide holders, Draft(s) drawn by the Beneficiary and/or document(s) presented under the Credit,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,29,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,ICC Position Paper No 2 （第二号意见书） The Banking Commission wishes
30、to clarify that for the purposes of UCP 500, the phrase giving of value in sub-Article 10(b)(ii) may be interpreted as either making immediate payment (e.g. by cash, by cheque, by remittance through a Clearing System or by credit to an account) or undertaking an obligation to make payment (other tha
31、n giving a deferred payment undertaking or accepting a draft).,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,30,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,ICC Publication No.459：关于追索权 议付行在任何情况下均享有追索权，除非该行保兑了信用证（The Commission finally decided to make a distinction between credits available through payment and credit available throug
32、h negotiation. As to the former ( available through payment),any recourse by the advising bank vis-vis the beneficiary was to be excluded if it had not expressed a reservation when making its payment. As to the latter credits ( available through negotiation), the advising bank always had a right of
33、recourse, unless it had confirmed the credit.）,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,31,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,ICC Publication No.596 R259：议付的追索权 银行提供议付时所要求的条件，即是否保留追索权，不能由ICC来裁定。那些条件取决于当地法律及议付行与出口商之间的关系。 应由受益人来决定是否接受那些条件并在“保留追索”的条件下取得款项。 在这些情况下，受益人最好使信用证可自由议付，以使他们能够把单据提交给一家一旦接受单据将始终信守决定的被指定银行。,2019/7/21
34、,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,32,案例研讨,主证开证行：国内A银行 主证受益人：嘉陵公司（香港） 主证交单行、背对背信用证开证行：R银行香港分行 背对背信用证议付行： STANDARD CHARTERED BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,33,背景,99年10月26日，A开立信用证号为LCXXXX152/99，金额为USD1,400,000.00，受益人为“嘉陵公司”，信用证的付款期限为见票后85 天，适用任何银行自由议付 10月29日，嘉陵公司凭上述信用证向R申请开立背对背信用证，
35、证号为ILC90512，受益人为 “Shin Yang公司”，金额为USD1,315,000.00，期限为即期，自由议付 信用证通过马来西亚渣打银行通知受益人,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,34,11月5日，R银行从渣打银行收到背对背信用证项下单据。渣打银行在面函上声明：已议付相符的单据 R银行审单后亦认为单证相符 11月9日，嘉陵公司向R银行提交主证项下全套单据，金额为USD1,401,495.42，期限为85 days sight，并指示R银行：“Please negotiate the above bill and pay our import
36、 bill under your L/C No. ILC90512 favouring Shin Yang Trading Sdn., Bhd. for USD1,316,404.63”,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,35,交单,11月12日，R银行将主证项下单据以快邮方式寄给A银行，其面函上声明：我行已议付单据 11月19日，R银行汇出USD1,316,344.63给渣打银行，完成了其背对背信用证项下的付款,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,36,拒付,11月15日，A银行收到R银行提交的单据 11月22日，
37、 A银行发出拒付，理由：产地证系由受益人出具、经当地商会加签的，并非信用证中要求的由当地商会出具。同时声明：“保留单据听候处理，一旦申请人接受不符点即放单，除非在此之前收到相反的指示。”,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,37,中止付款,11月23日， A银行收到法院的协助执行通知书，以受益人嘉陵公司提交的不是主证项下的单据涉嫌欺诈为由，要求A银行： 查封、扣押LCXXXX152/99信用证项下所有单据 停止支付LCXXXX152/99信用证项下款项 A银行当日将该情况通知R银行,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,
38、38,交涉,11月24日，R银行致电A银行，称其所递交的单据已符合信用证条款，同时声明：作为议付行，即使在发生欺诈的情况下，也有权要求A银行偿付 A银行以如下理由坚持拒付： 不符点成立； 否认R银行的议付行地位，认为其只是履行背对背信用证项下义务而已 凭法院的止付令,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,39,2000年7月，法院以证据不足为由，驳回了R银行提出的要求撤销止付裁定申请。法院认为： 1999年11月19日，R银行于支付给渣打银行的款项只是履行了其第ILC90512号背靠背信用证项下的付款义务 R银行向A银行提交单据的行为应认定为委托寄单索汇，也
39、就是说，R银行所处的地位只是托收行。因此，止付裁定并未损害R银行作为托收银行的相关利益,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,40,诉讼,2001年9月10日，R银行在香港正式起诉A银行。该案于2004年5月在香港高等法院开庭审理，第一审判A银行胜诉。 R银行未提起上诉,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,41,判决,A银行所提的不符点不成立，且拒付通知也不符合UCP500第14条的规定 R银行的议付行地位不成立，其只能作为嘉陵公司的委托寄单行，因此，R银行无权向A银行主张要求获得赔偿的权利 R银行没有对单据做无追索的买
40、断，尽管R银行在其1999年11月12日的面函中声称其已议付该单据，但实际上当天并未发生任何支付行为,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,42,R银行于1999年11月19日向其背靠背信用证受益人所支付的金额为USD1,316,344.63的款项只是解除了其背靠背信用证项下自身的付款责任，并不是对主证项下单据的议付行为。因为，R银行并未对主证项下单据向嘉陵公司做出扣除银行费用、融资利息后的全额款项，即USD1,401,495.42 R银行并未向嘉陵公司的帐户支付任何款项，而金额为USD1,316,344.63的款项并未先贷记嘉陵公司的帐户，而是直接用于支付
41、背靠背信用证项下的支款 金额为USD1,316,344.63的融资，R银行是作为进口融资而不是出口融资记录在册的,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,43,议付的构成要件 议付的时间 议付的金额,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,44,议付定义的演变 UCP500：Negotiation means the giving of value for Draft(s) and/or document(s) by the bank authorized to negotiate. Mere examination of t
42、he documents without giving of value does not constitute a negotiation. UCP600：Negotiation means the purchase by the nominated bank of drafts (drawn on a bank other than the nominated bank) and/or documents under a complying presentation, by advancing or agreeing to advance funds to the beneficiary
43、on or before the banking day on which reimbursement is due to the nominated bank.,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,45,单证实务： 信用证中规定：THE AMOUNT OF THE INVOICES AND/OR DRAFT(S) MUST BE ENDORSED ON THE REVERSE OF THIS CREDIT。 问：银行能否凭副本信用证为受益人办理议付/交单？ 答案：可以/不可以。,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,4
44、6,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Nominated bank means the bank with which the credit is available or any bank in the case of a credit available with any bank. Presentation means either the delivery of documents under a credit to the issuing bank or nominated bank or the documents so delivered. Presenter means a
45、 beneficiary, bank or other party that makes a presentation.,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,47,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,删除了那些表达不确切、内容已过时及与国际贸易实务相脱节的条款 条款总数由UCP500的49条缩减为39条，且不再分类 删除了信用证“可撤销”的概念(Art.6 of UCP500) 删除了运输行单据条款(Art.39 of UCP500) 删除了运输单据之“不得含有载运船只仅以风帆为动力的批注” (Art.23 of UCP500) 删除了运输单据之额外费用
46、的列举条款(Art.33 of UCP500),2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,48,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,确立了新的国际结算实务操作标准 银行审核单据的时间缩短为5天 A nominated bank acting on its nomination, a confirming bank, if any, and the issuing bank shall each have a maximum of five banking days following the day of presentation to determine i
47、f a presentation is complying.,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,49,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,明确了受益人对修改保持沉默不等于接受修改 A provision in an amendment to the effect that the amendment shall enter into force unless rejected by the beneficiary within a certain time shall be disregarded.(Art.10),2019/7/21,Yuqiang
48、Copyright Reserved,50,实务：MT700/47A IN CASE AMENDMENT(S) HAVE BEEN ISSUED UNDER THE L/C, A BENEFICIARYS CERTIFICATE IS TO BE PRESENTED MENTIONING THIS L/C NUMBER, LISTING THE AMENDMENT(S) RECEIVED AND CONFIRMING ACCEPTANCE OR REJECTION OF THE AMENDMENT(S) IN A MANNER NOT INCONSISTENT WITH ANY PREVIOU
49、S NOTIFICATION GIVEN BY THE BENEFICIARY BEFORE,2019/7/21,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,51,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,增加了实务操作性条款 即使单据遗失，开证行也必须付款 Provided that the stipulated documents are presented to the nominated bank or to the issuing bank and that they constitute a complying presentation, the issuing bank must honour (Art.7) An issuing bank is irrevocably bound to honour as of the time it issues the credit. (Art.7) An issuing bank undertakes to