高考语法专项名词从句课件.ppt

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1、高考语法专项 名词性从句,高中学部英语 贵州省纳雍县雍安育才高级中学：张怀忠,台湾属于中国。 Taiwan belongs to China. 我们都知道台湾属于中国。 We all know that Taiwan belongs to China. 事实是台湾属于中国。 The truth is that Taiwan belongs to China. 台湾属于中国是地球人都知道的。 That Taiwan belongs to China is known to all. 我们都知道这个事实台湾属于中国。 We all know the truth that Taiwan belong

2、s to China .,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,谓语动词之后：宾语从句,系动词之后:表语从句,动词之前：主语从句,抽象名词之后：同位语从句,一 定义：名词性从句是指可以像名词一样在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，同位语的从句。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 二 名词性从句的基本形式 “连接词+正常陈述句语序” eg. That light travels in straight lines is known to all. This is what we are looking for. 随堂练习（T or F）： How w

3、as he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ),F,T,Could you tell me where he lives? ( ) Could you tell me where does he live? ( ),T,F,高考链接 （2006 上海春）These shoes look very good. I wonder _. A. how much cost they B. how much do they cost C. how much they cost D.

4、how much are they cost （2010 上海 37）When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _. A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which land D. which lane is he entering,三 名词性从句的连接词,1 That he will succeed is certain. It is certain

5、 that he will succeed. 2 Whether he will go there is not known. It is not known whether he will go there. 3 When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. It has not been decided yet when the meeting will be held.,为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。,主语从句 在句中做主语的名词性从句成为主语从句,常考点清单 一,一 t

6、hat从句作主语时，常用it做形式主语，常见句型： (1) It + be + 形容词(likely/possible/important/clear /necessary/true/certain )+ that从句 eg. It is certain that she will do well in her exam. (2) It + be + 名词词组(no wonder/an honor/a good thing/a pity/no surprise)+ that从句 eg. Its no surprise that our team has won the game. (3) It

7、 + be + 过去分词(said/reported/thought/expected/decided) + that从句 eg. It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.,二 主语从句与主句谓语动词一致性问题 (1) 单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. when and where we shall meet has not been decided yet. when they will start and where

8、 they will go have not been decided yet. (2) 由and连接两个或两个以上连接词引导同一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 (3) 由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时谓语动词用复数。 结论：主语从句做主语时谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于有几个主语从句而非几个连接词。,高考链接 (1)（2009 天津 7）It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future. as B. which C. whether D. that (2)(2008 上海)I

9、t has been proved _ eating vegetable in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life. A. when B. that C. whether D. what (3)(2006 辽宁)_makes the shop different is that it offers more personal services. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever (4)(2002 上海春)_fashion differs from count

10、ry to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. What B. That C. This D. Which (5)(2003 上海)It is pretty well understood _ control the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. that B. when C. what D. how,prep.,v.,She sensed that she was being watched. Polly didnt kno

11、w which way she should go. Im interested in who that tall man is. There was a discussion about whether Polly had found the blind man. He was disappointed that he failed to get the master degree(硕士学位). Are you sure that youll get there in time?,宾语从句：当名词性从句在复合句中做谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词和介词的宾语时被称为宾语从句。,adj.,宾语从句

12、,常考点清单 二,一 it 做形式宾语的情况 在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider, find等，可以用it做形式宾语。”think/make/consider/find + it + that-clause” eg.他应当改进他的发音，我们认为这是必要的。 We consider that he should improve his pronunciation necessary. We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 他不会屈服的，这一点他已经明确表示了。 H

13、e has made it clear that he will not give up. 二 that在宾语从句中的省略与保留。 （1）在主+谓+it (形式宾语) +宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略 We must make it clear that we do not tell lies. （2）由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略。 He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.,三 介词后的that宾语从句 （1）that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，但可以

14、做except，in 的宾语。 eg. He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. 他是一个好学生，就是有点儿粗心。 He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把课余时间用在读书上。 （2）其他介词后需要用that做宾语时，必须用it做形式主语。 eg. You may depend/count on it that I shall always help you. 你要相信

15、我会一直帮助你的。 Please see to it that (make sure that) you bring enough money when you go out. 出门时，务必带够钱。,高考链接 (1)（2006 湖南）With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether (2) (2008 浙江) Some children want to ch

16、allenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. A. what B. that C. which D. one (3)(2004 全国) We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when (4)(2007 湖南） Having checked the doors were closed, and

17、 _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where,My question is whether Polly can find her way home. Thats because there is a big thick fog. He looked as if he was going to cry.,表语从句 放在连系动词之后的名词性从句。对主语进行解释说明。,常考点清单 三,一 当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句的连接词常用that，

18、不用because; 句型：“ The reason is that”。 eg. The reason for his lying in bed is that he fell off his bike on his way to school. 他躺在床上的原因是由于他在上学的路上从自行车上摔了下来。,高考链接 (1)(2010 上海 36) One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. that B. how C.

19、 what D. why (2)(2000 上海)_ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. what; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that (3)(2003 上海) _ made the school proud was _ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B.

20、 What; that C. That; what D. That; because (4)(2008 天津) The last time we had fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. where B. how C. when D. why,定义：同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；news等)后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。 同位语从句常用that引导或用连接词what/when / where / why / how / whether等。 e

21、g. The idea that we should have more industry in this area is a good one. I have no idea when they came to visit my hometown. We have no doubt that Mr. White will turn up tonight.,同位语从句,常考点清单 四,一 间隔式同位语从句 同位语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。但是当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分较短时，可以把谓语动词放在先行词后面，使同位语从句和先行词隔开，以免头重脚轻的现象。 eg. Word came that

22、 the war broke out in Iraq. They spread the lie everywhere that I stole the necklace. 高考链接 （2009 江西 33）The fact has worried many scientists _the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. what B. which C. that D. though 二 定语从句和同位语从句的区别 （1） 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中

23、不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略。,（2）定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分（主，宾，表），充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。 eg. The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true. 随堂练习： （1）The information has been announced that more middle school g

24、raduates will be admitted into university. （2）The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.,定语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,常清考点五 连接词的选用,一 that 和what 的选用 that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语，表语和定语,一般译成“所的”。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，没有中文含义。 随堂练习（that/what）: 1. _

25、he wants is a book. 2. _ he wants to go there is obvious. 3. The result is _ we won the game. 4. This is _ we want to know. 5. Is _ he told us true ? 6. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 7. I have no doubt _ he will come. 8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.,What,That,that,wh

26、at,what,what,what,that,二 特殊疑问词引导名词性从句 特殊疑问词在引导名词性从句的同时,常保留本身疑问的含义,是指具体的人或物，是特指的概念。 特殊疑问词+ever也可以引导名词性从句，如：whatever, whichever, whoever。翻译成“无论”是指任何人或物，无范围可言，是泛指的概念。 eg. whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. who will give us a talk is unknown to us all. 链接高考： （）(2009 海南 24)Could I

27、speak to is in charge of International Sales please? who B. what C. whoever D. whatever （）(2006 北京 29)Could you do me a favor? It depends on _it is. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever,anyone who,anyone/anything that,anything that,三 if和whether的选用,(1)whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. eg.I dont know

28、whether to go. (2)whether or (not) 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if. eg. I dont know whether or not he is well. (3)肯定形式的的doubt后面通常接whether/if引导的名词性从句，否定形式的doubt后面通常接that引导的名词性从句。 eg. There is no doubt that he will win the first prize.(同位语从句) I doubt whether/if its true.（宾语从句） I dont doubt that you are honest. (宾语从句)

29、 高考链接 (2005 天津 2) Elephant have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _it is rough or smooth. A. / B. whether C. how D. what,Thank You !,a. 主语从句 b. 表语从句 c. 同位语从句 e. 介词后的宾语从句 f. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. g. whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.,不能使用if 的情况：,I worry about whether I hurt her

30、feeling.,if 和whether 的选用,1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. Were worried about _ he is safe. 4. I dont know _ he is well or not. 5. I dont know _ or not he is well. 6. The question is _ he should do it. 7. The doctor can har

31、dly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon. 8. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,Whether,whether,whether / if,whether,whether,whether,whether,if / whether,that可省略的情况：,that不可省略的情况： 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句 并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的 引导词that不能省略,引导词that的省略,单个宾语从句中的that可省略,1. I dont think _ she

32、is coming. 2. It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake. 3. The reason is _ he is careless. 4. The news _ our team won the match inspired us. 5. I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud. 6. He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.,(that),that,that,that,t

33、hat,(that),that,that/ (that),1.同位语从句的格式： 2.能接同位语从句的名词有： 3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用,二、同位语从句的引导和辨别,n.+ 连接词 + 从句,fact, idea, news, order, belief, suggestion, advice, information等,whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句。,1. I have no idea _ he comes from. 2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money. 3. He

34、 gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise. 4. I have no doubt _ he will win. 5. I have some doubt _ he will win.,where,how,that,that,whether,that/ whether / where/ how,1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。,2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释

35、和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略。,同位语从句和定语从句的区别,We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.,1. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university. 2. The in

36、formation that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,Attributive or Appositive,He gave me a suggestion that I (should) be calm now.,名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气, 结构为 (should) + do。,1. The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied 2. Th

37、e reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill.,reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导, 不能用why引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。,在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：,why,that,that,that,His job is important.,What he does is important.,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,主语,表语,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,I dont like his job.,I

38、 dont like what he does every day.,宾语,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,同位语,1. _ the baby could speak made his parents very happy. A. That B. What C. Why D. If 2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home. A. that B. if C. whether D. what,主语

39、从句,宾语从句,Practice,3. This is _ he was often late for school. A. what B. that C. why D. whether 4. We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun. if; moved B. that; moves C. why; move D. whether; move,表语从句,同位语从句,a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。 He believes _ . b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。 Please tell me _ .,his dream wi

40、ll come true some day,at this time yesterday,宾语从句的时态呼应,1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。,what you were doing,他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me _ . 他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me _. 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 The teacher told us _.,he was preparing for the examination,he had been away from his hometown for ten years,ligh

41、t travels in a straight line,2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。,At lunch time, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far. What surprised me most was that the old man couldnt see anything. The fact that Polly didnt ask for the mans name is a pity.,Predictive Clause (表语从句),Object Clause (宾语从句),Subject Clause (主语从句),Appositive Clause 同位语从句,Find clauses from the following sentences and tell the functions of them,