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1、Lesson 5,Speech on Hitlers Invasion of the U.S.S.R,Background Information,U.S.S.R.: the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics World War II: (1937 / 1939 -1945) The conflict resulted from the rise of totalitarian, fascism in German, Japan and Italy,Background Information:,July 7. 1937 Japan invaded Cen
2、tral China. Sep. 1938 Munich Pact, which sacrificed much of Czechoslovakia to Germany,Background Information:,Aug. 1939 Russia-Germany non-aggression pact Sept. 1, 1939 German invasion of Poland Sept. 3, 1939 France and Britain declared war on Germany, officially beginning World War II,Background In
3、formation:,June 22, 1940 France surrendered. Aug-Oct. 1940 The Battle of Britain (2,300 to 900) Jun 22. 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union.,I. Background Information:,Dec. 7, 1941 Pearl Harbour Sept. 1943 the Allies conquered Sicily and South Italy. Italy surrendered. May 7. 1945 Germany surre
4、ndered unconditionally. Aug. 14, 1945 Japan announced its surrender.,Background Information:,Adolph Hitler, (1889 - 1945) founder and leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party, was born an Austrian. *image 1*（希特勒当年形象一张） 1920 the Nazi Party 1933 Chancellor,Background Information:,1934 the
5、 union of the presidency and chancellorship in Hitlers person, the Fhrer THE THIRD REICH,Background Information:,1944 an assassination attempt April 29, 1945 married his long-time mistress, Eva Braun April 30, 1945 committed suicide,Background Information:,MEIN KAMPT - My Struggle Aryans Superiority
6、 Nazi: National sozialist the National Socialist German Workers Party Elite Corps, black guards 党卫军、黑衫党,Background Information:,GESTAPO: secret state police BLITZ: lightning war Swastika,Background Information:,CHURCHILL Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (Nov. 30, 1874 - Jan. 24, 1965)（*image 2*
7、 邱吉尔形象一张） May 1940 - May 1945 first tenure as P.M. Oct. 1951 - Jan. 1955 second tenure as P.M.,Background Information:,1953 knighted Sir Winston Churchill 1953 the Nobel Prize in Literature 1955 refusing the title of duke,Style,masterpieces of oration highly persuasive and convincing eloquent: force
8、ful expressions, structure, words with abstract meaning emotional: language to arouse sympathy, hatred and passion,Rhetorical devices:,Parallelism Repetition Periodic sentence It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a fortune must be in want of a wife.,Rhetorical de
9、vices,Noun phrases: with great rapidity and violence Imperative sentences:let us, let us Inverted sentences: News was brought to me,Structural Analysis,Part I: a piece of narration Background of the speech Part II. the speech proper an argument or persuasion Section 1: The Nazi regime horrors upon m
10、ankind Scenario on both sides of the border. To arouse emotion.,IV. Structural Analysis,Section 2: I have to declare thein determination and in resources. What we should do. Section 3: This is no timelife and power remain. Further persuasion, to convince the audience of the justification of the deci
11、sion.,Detailed Study of the Text,1. Speech, address, oration, lecture, talk speech: a public speech without regard to its quality, degree of preparation, the quality of its speaker or audience General word,Detailed Study of the Text,address implies formality and careful preparation, and often gives
12、emphasis to the importance of the speech. The president is scheduled to deliver three addresses on his trip.,Detailed Study of the Text,oration: formal and solemn public speech. It suggests eloquence, rhetorical style, and usu. a dignified but sometimes high-flown or long-winded appeal to the emotio
13、ns of a large audience or assembly.,Detailed Study of the Text,lecture: It often implies reading. It commonly designates a carefully prepared speech on a special topic intended to give information and instruction to a group of students.,Detailed Study of the Text,talk stresses informality. It may be
14、 used to designate either a lecture or an address when the speaker wishes to emphasize his desire to speak directly and simply to his audience as individuals.,Detailed Study of the Text,2. conviction: a very firm and sincere belief Conviction usu. implies previous doubt or uncertainty. I speak in th
15、e full conviction that our cause is just. His political convictions are radical.,Detailed Study of the Text,3. certainty: the state of being definite or having no doubts (here in the text) clearly established fact Its a certainty that this horse will win in the race. After three days, our victory be
16、came a certainty.,Detailed Study of the Text,5. lie: exist, be found, reside 6. presently: before long, shortly, soon 7. hasten: move fast cf: hurry Hasten implies urgent quickness while Hurry carries a strong implication of confusion and agitation.,Detailed Study of the Text,10. surprise: attack su
17、ddenly and without warning They surprised the enemy from the rear. 11. ground: (of pilot or plane) to stay on the ground The ship grounded on a hidden sandbank in the shallow water. grounded on the airfield: lying still on the airfield,Detailed Study of the Text,14. round up: to gather together scat
18、tered animals, to collect together animals that are scattered A cowboy / dog rounds up the cattle / sheep.,Detailed Study of the Text,15. horde: a large number or crowd, throng a horde of locusts When a contemptuous term is desired, it is preferred to crowd and throng, esp, when implying rude, rough
19、 or savage character.,Detailed Study of the Text,16. consult: to go to a person, a book for advice, information or opinion The Prime Minister consulted his Cabinet on a variety of questions. Have you consulted the doctor about your illness? to consult a dictionary,Detailed Study of the Text,17. issu
20、e:the point at which an unsettled matter is ready for a decision major issues of principle the act of publishing or officially giving out or making available Have you seen the latest issue of the magazine?,Detailed Study of the Text,be at issue: of importance That is not the point at issue. v: to pr
21、oduce, to provide officially to issue an order / a statement to issue a set of stamps,Detailed Study of the Text,18. count on: depend on, expect, take into account If there is anything I can do, count on me. I think we can count on Mr White to support us. 19. enlist: win the support of, get the help
22、 or sympathy Can I enlist your help in collecting the money for victims of the tsunami?,Detailed Study of the Text,20. sympathy: feeling of support, pity and tenderness 21. go all out: to spare no effort, to make ones utmost effort We will go all out to support the development of the west.,Detailed
23、Study of the Text,22. be true of: be the same case, be suitable to What he says of women is true of men. People in cities have larger houses now, and the same is true of the living condition in the countryside.,Detailed Study of the Text,24. revert to: to go back to a former subject, talk about agai
24、n The pressure made him revert to his old habit of smoking. Shall we revert to our previous topic? 25. arch: principal, chief arch- angel, bishop, criminal, enemy, rebel, rival, etc.,Detailed Study of the Text,26. not bowing down in the House of Rimmon: Q: You are not doing sth. against your own bel
25、iefs, are you? A: No, not at all.,Detailed Study of the Text,Rimmon:a deity worshipped by Syrians of Damascus. Syrian Captain Naaman had leprosy. His Israeli servant told Elisha, a prophet God. Elisha told Naaman to wash in the Jordan River 7 times and thus he was cured.,Detailed Study of the Text,N
26、aaman therefore had faith in God and convert to Christianity. But being a Syrian, he had to follow his King to worship in the House of Rimmon. Elisha granted him permission to do so.,Detailed Study of the Text,bow down in the house of Rimmon: you do sth. outwardly with mental reservation,Detailed St
27、udy of the Text,27. thereby: by that means, by doing or saying that Our body can sweat, thereby losing heat by evaporation. A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and thereby increase its market power.,Detailed Study of the Text,cf: therefore: as a result; for t
28、hat reason, so I have never been to Africa and therefore I dont know much about it. I think; therefore I am.（我思故我在） It rained; therefore the game was called off.,Detailed Study of the Text,28. Devil - Satan, most powerful evil spirit, the source of evil in the world. 29. reference: a piece of writte
29、n information about sb.s character, ability, esp. when he is looking for employment,Detailed Study of the Text,cf: A testimonial is kinder than a reference because it is shown to the person it describes while a reference is truer because it is not shown to him. A recommendation is a letter or statem
30、ent that speaks in favour or praise of sb. esp, when he is looking for a job.,Detailed Study of the Text,31. to the effect: with the information that, meaning that He had a telegram to the effect that his mother is dead. A rumour was in the air to the effect that the firm was in financial difficulti
31、es.,Detailed Study of the Text,32. comment: remark expressing an opinion, judgement (written or spoken) 33. regime: a type or form of government, often derog. a corrupt regime He was tortured under the Saddam regime. Under the old regime women could not vote.,Detailed Study of the Text,34. feature:
32、quality, characteristic, sth. that set apart one thing / person from others Monopoly is the key feature of imperialism. The dominant feature on his face is the brandy nose.,Detailed Study of the Text,35. devoid of: (fml) lacking in, complete without, empty of He is complete devoid of human feelings.
33、 The word “vacuum” refers to space entirely devoid of matter. 36. theme: (Here in the text) basic good value, virtue, ideal, unifying idea,Detailed Study of the Text,37. appetite: a strong desire to conquer 38. racial domination: the state of having controlling power over the other races by the Arya
34、n nation Aryans superiority racial equality / discrimination racism / racist,Detailed Study of the Text,dominate: have controlling influence or power over, have the most important place or position She completely dominates the family and makes all the decisions. The dominant political party of the c
35、ountry is socialist.,Detailed Study of the Text,39. excel: surpass, be superior to, outdo, exceed He excels in music and art / courage / at football. 40. wickedness: badness, evil 41. efficient: working well, quick and without waste 42. ferocious: fierce, cruel, and violent,Detailed Study of the Tex
36、t,The Nazi regime is extremely cruel. It has invaded other countries in the most savage way. The invasions are so effective that they surpass all other kind of human cruelty. The Nazi regime is very effective in cruel suppression of and savage attack on other countries, in this respect it is worse t
37、han any other known form of evil.,Detailed Study of the Text,42. consistent: constant, faithful, continually keeping to the same principles When you make a sentence, the subject and the verb should be consistent. He reaffirmed the governments consistent policy of opposing racial discrimination.,Deta
38、iled Study of the Text,43. opponent: one who is on the opposite side in a contest or in a conflict 44. unfold: (lit.) to become clear, more fully known He gradually unfolded her plan to them. As the investigation goes on, the intrigue behind the dirty deal slowly unfold.,Detailed Study of the Text,4
39、7. folly: (fml) foolishness, unwise act The old man smiled sadly as he remembered the follies of his youth. 50. immemorial: going beck beyond the reach of memory 51. champion: person who fights for, supports strongly, or defends a principle, a movement, person, etc.,Detailed Study of the Text,52. me
40、ans of existence: (Here) food and clothing to keep people alive, things for people to survive 53. wring (wrung): to press hard on, squeeze, to twist, to get by force to wring water from the wet clothes His sad story wrung our hearts.,Detailed Study of the Text,54. hardly: (rare) with effort or diffi
41、culty, with force, in a severe manner 55. primordial: fundamental and primitive, basic primordial joys: pleasures shared commonly by all human beings,Detailed Study of the Text,57. hideous: ugly, morally offensive, very wicked a hideous crime / criminal 58. clank: metallic sound made by the swords a
42、nd sabres (军刀) The prisoners ankle chains clanked. clicking: the sound of spurs (马剌) and the metal piece underneath the soles,Detailed Study of the Text,59. dandy: a person who gives too much attention to dress cf: playboy: a person who devotes his life in pursuit of pleasure dandified: dressed like
43、 a dandy Here: German officers in uniforms with shoulder boards, insignias (勋章) and decorations,Detailed Study of the Text,60. crafty: cleverly deceitful, cunning, foxy craft: skill in deceiving people for a bad purpose a man full of craft,Detailed Study of the Text,61. fresh from: recently arrived,
44、 returned They are mostly young people fresh from school. 62. cow: to bring under control by violence or threats The gang of pickpockets were cowed by the sight of a cop. The smaller boys were cowed by the class bully.,Detailed Study of the Text,63. tie down: A person who ties you down restricts you
45、r freedom. (here) to enslave 64. dull: stupid, not clever A dull speech / city / person 65. docile: easily taught or led, obedient, easy to manage 66. brutish: brutal, beast-like,Detailed Study of the Text,67. Hun: (derog. offensive) German soldier 68. plod: to continue to walk slowly along a road,
46、with difficulty and great effort 69. swarm: a large group (of insects moving in a mass), throng,Detailed Study of the Text,71. smart: feel painful in one part of the body The place where he had cut his knee was smarting. He was still smarting under / over her unkind words. 72. prey: victim, a person
47、 or animal killed or hunted,Detailed Study of the Text,74. villain: a mean person who is completely given to crime, evil, a thoroughly wicked man 75. cataract: large steep waterfall, overwhelming downpour cataract of horrors: unparalleled miseries,Detailed Study of the Text,76. dominion: a self-gove
48、rning nation of the British Commonwealth the Dominion of Canada 77. in due course: in due time, at the suitable / proper time I will answer all your questions in due course. After they were engaged, the wedding followed in due course.,Detailed Study of the Text,concur: 1) agree, express agreement Sh
49、e has expressed her opposition to the plan, and I fully concur with her in this matter. 2) (of events, etc) happen together; coincide Everything concurred to produce the desired result.,Detailed Study of the Text,78. irrevocable: that cannot be changed once started The decision to close the business is irrevocable. revoke: (fml) withdraw or cancel to revoke orders, promises His driving license was revoked after the crash.,Detailed Study of the Text,79. resolved: be firm and fixed in purpose She was resolved to become a ballet dancer. The government is resolved