名词复习.ppt

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1、n | |专有名词 | | | 名 | | 个体名词 | | | | | | 可数名词 | | | | 集体名词 | | | |普通名词 | | | | 词 | | 物质名词 | | | | | | 不可数名词| | | | 抽象名词 | | 名词 问题问题1 1： The _ of the building are covered with lots of _. Aroofs; leavesBrooves; leafs Croof; leafDroofs; leafs 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加 s，如： beliefbeliefs roofroofs chief ch

2、iefs safesafes gulfgulfs； b. 去 f, fe 加 ves，如：halfhalves knifeknives leafleaves wolfwolves wifewives lifelives thiefthieves； c. 均可, 如：handkerchief handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 1单数名词变为复数名词常考点 (1)以o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加s ，但是下列名词 要加 es，它们是：黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿，即 Negroes，heroes，potatoes，tomatoes。 (2)以f 或 fe结尾的名词变为复

3、数时，一般直接加s ，但下列 以f 或 fe结尾的名词需把f 或 fe变为 ves，它们是：为了自己 活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上把 狼劈成两半，即：selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives ，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。 问题问题2 2： Mr Smith has two _, both of whom are teachers in a school. AbrothersinlawBbrotherinlaws Cbrothersinlaws Dbrothersin law 以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成

4、 复数，如：managersinchief; fathersinlaw。如 果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加 s。如： grownups。 (3)合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变 为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一个部分变为 复数。如：sonsinlaw 女婿，passersby 过路人， storytellers 讲故事的人，breakfasts早餐，housewives 家庭主妇。 1.名词复数的不规则变化 n 1）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 如： people police cattle 等本身就是复 数，不能说 a people，a police，a c

5、attle，但可以 说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, nthe English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表 示国民总称时，作复数用。 如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 1.6 不同国家的人的单复数 名称 总称(谓语用复数） 一个人 两个人 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss

6、澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the

7、Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans 英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes n2）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. news 是不可数名词。 b. the United States，the United Nations 应视为 单数。 The United Nations was or

8、ganized in 1945. 联 合国是1945年组建起来的。 c. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名， 也可视为单数。 “The Arabian Nights“ is a very interesting story-book. 有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义 papers 文件，试卷，报纸，论文；goods 货物，商品； ashes 骨灰，遗骸；glasses 眼镜；sands 沙滩；woods 树 林；greens 青菜；times 时代；drinks 饮料；arms 武器 ；looks 外表；manners礼貌；damages 赔偿金；lines 台 词；works

9、工厂，著作，工事；brains 头脑；customs 海关，关税；irons 镣铐；regards 问候；pains 努力； conditions 条件；airs 傲气；contents 目录；spirits 酒精 ；waters 水域；expectations 前程 2.不可数名词的变化 n物质名词 a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。 比较： Cake is a kind of food. (不可数) These cakes are sweet. (可数) b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。 This factory produces steel. (不可数) We need v

10、arious steels. (可数) c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。 Our country is famous for tea. Two teas, please. 问题问题2 2 It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _ journey. （05北京春季） A. threehour B. a three hour C. a threehour D. three hours “数词+名词”构成的合成词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单 数形式。 如： a tenmile walk； a fiveyear plan 但是如果不用连字符

11、，就需用复数的所有格。 The village is far away from here indeed. Its _ walk. （04上海春季） A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a fourhours D. a four hours 3) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如： 两打/（二十四个鸡蛋) 十里路 一个五年计划 two-dozen eggs a ten-mile walk a five-year plan 2作定语的名词的数 (1)名词作定语时，一般用单数形式(即使在意义上是复数)。 radio programs 电台节目 to

12、oth brushes 牙刷 heart attack 心脏病 有些本身是复数形式的名词作定语时形式不变。 a sports car 赛车 a customs officer 海关官员 clothes shop 服装店 (2)但man/woman 作定语修饰名词时，随被修饰的名词的单 复数变化而变化。 women engineers 女工程师 men doctors 男医生 women teachers 女教师 4.名词的格 在英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有或所属关系，带 这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下：（修饰有 生命的名词用s

13、，无生命的一般用of结构） 1） 单数名词词尾加 s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加 s，如the boys bag 男孩的书包，mens room 男 厕所。 专有名词s结尾（一般应加s）Charless job 2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加s，如：the workers struggle 工人的斗争。 3） 凡不能加“s“的名词，都可以用“名词+of +名词 “的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。 4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格 的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词， 如：the barbers 理发店。 5） 如果两个名词并

14、列，并且分别有s，则表示“分别 有”；只有一个s，则表示共有。 如：Johns and Marys rooms（两间） John and Marys room（一间） 6） 复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 如：a month or twos absence Exercises: 1. There are three _ in our factory. A. woman doctorsB. women doctors C. woman doctorD. women doctor 2. They are _ of different presses(出版社). Now they are

15、 having a meeting in one of the _ office. A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chiefs C. editors-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chiefs 6. I stayed at _. A. Xiao WangsB. Wangs home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang 7. Sister Carrie works in a

16、_ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoes 8. Have you ever read _? A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. todays newspaper 9. The mother over there is _ mother. A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Marys C. Julias and Marys D. Julias and Mary 专题一 真题典例 （ ）1.2011福建卷The lack of e

17、co friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major _of global climate change. Aresult Bcause Cwarning Dreflection 【解析】 B 本题考查名词辨析。result结果；cause原因 ；warning警告；reflection反映。句意：公众环保习惯的缺失 被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。因此该题选B。 真题典例 真题典例 （ ）2.2011湖北卷“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire！” the mother s

18、houted，with_ clearly in her voice. A. anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic 【解析】 D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“Tommy，快跑 ！快点！房子着火了！”母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂着惊慌。 panic惊慌；anger生气；rudeness粗鲁；regret后悔。 真题典例 （ ）3.2011山东卷Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. AtraditionBba

19、lance Cconcern Drelationship 【解析】 A 本题考查名词辨析。句意：我们办公室有一 个传统，当有人过生日的时候，他们会带一个蛋糕来大家一起 分享。tradition“传统，惯例”，符合句意。balance平衡； concern担心，忧虑；relationship关系；均不符合句意。 真题典例 （ ）4.2011浙江卷Anyway, I cant cheat him its against all my_. Aemotions Bprinciples Cregulations Dopinions 【解析】 B 考查名词辨析。由句意“无论如何我不能欺 骗他这违背了我的做

20、人原则”可知，此处选principles，表 示“原则，原则性”。emotions表示“情感”；regulations表示“规 矩，规则”；opinions表示“观点，看法”。 Exercises: 1. There are three _ in our factory. A. woman doctorsB. women doctors C. woman doctorD. women doctor 2. They are _ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the _ office. A. e

21、ditor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chiefs C. editors-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chiefs 3. The Browns have spent a large _ of money on their new car. A. deal B. amount C. number D. size 4._ work has been done to improve the peoples livi

22、ng standard. A. Many B. A great many C. A great deal of D. A number of 5. Mr. Li shook _ warmly with a friend. A. handB. a hand C. handsD. the hands 6. I stayed at _. A. Xiao WangsB. Wangs home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang 7. Sister Carrie works in a _ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoes 8.

23、 Have you ever read _? A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. todays newspaper 9. The mother over there is _ mother. A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Marys C. Julias and Marys D. Julias and Mary 10. My _ of hearing is not so good as it used to be. A. strength B. sense C. powerD

24、. skill 11. The police _ looking into the matter now. A. be B. isC. areD. are going to 12. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. the advices C. advices D. advice 13. We are _ and they are _. A Englishmen, Germans B. Englishmen, German C. Englishmans, Germans D. Eng

25、lishmen, Germen 14. This letter was sent by _. A. my father friend B. my father friends C. a friend of my fathers D. a friend of my father 15. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any_ . A. excuse B. sense C. use D. value 16 It is no _ arguing with Bill because he will ne

26、ver change his mind. A. use B. help C. time D. way 17 Finding information in todays world is easy. The is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge 18School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous . A. states B. condi

27、tions C. situations D. positions 19It is said that dogs will keep you _ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. A. safety B. company C. house DFriend 20. Always read the _ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. i

28、ntroductions 21. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses. A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values 22. The _on his face told me that he was angry. A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression 23.Nowadays natural gas, wind an

29、d other forms of _ are widely used in the country. A. energy B. force C. power D. materials 24.He dropped the _and broke it . A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup 25.He gained his _by printing _of famous writers. A. wealth; work B. wealths ; works C. wealths; work D. wealt

30、h; works 26.Ill look into the matter as soon as possible , just have a little _. A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest 27.I f by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a _. A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice 28.Youll find this map of great _in helping you to get round London A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness 29. You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of . A. date B. shape C. order D. balance 30. - If you like I can do some shopping for you. - Thats a very kind _. A. offerB. service C. point D. suggestion