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1、英语四级考试：翻译,备考攻略,一、评分原则及标准 1. 整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。 2. 结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。 3. 整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。 4. 整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。 5. 大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,1.标准：准确、通顺、完整。 2.方法：以直译为主适当意译。 3.步骤： 通读全句，准确理解。 分析成分，划分意群。 选择词义，贴切表达。 适当调整，书写译文。,例. Having spent some time in the city，he had no trouble_(找到去历史博物馆的路). 【句意】在
2、城市里待了一些时间后，他能毫不费力地找到去历史博物馆的路。 【解析】题干中已经给出have no trouble，说明考查的是have (no) trouble (in) doing sth这一词组的用法，因此可以断定，考点之一必然是答案需要使用动名词形式。“找到去的路”应该用find the way to。 【答案】finding the way to the history museum 【考查重点】动名词形式的使用，类似的用法还有：spend some time (in) doing sth，it is no use doing sth，be interested in doing st
3、h，warn sbagainst doing sth等等。核心词组的搭配(如：find the way to)的使用也要注意。,翻译真题评析与提高,1. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had_(很难跟上班上同学)in maths and English. (2009.6) 解题步骤 (一)理解：分析此句，所翻译的部分主要考查对习惯用法的掌握，而并不涉及句子时态问题。 (二)表达：划分成分，句子中逗号之前部分是时间状语从句，而主句又引导宾语从句，宾语从句中核心谓语动词是had，“很难跟上班上同学”作宾
4、语，“in maths and English”作补语。 (1) 切块对应翻译：“很难做某事”= have difficulty (in) doing sth.，“跟上”=keep up with，“班上同学”= his classmates。 (2) 重新组合：difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates. (三)校审：检查“很难做某事”、“跟上”用have difficulty (in) doing sth. 和keep up with来表达是否准确;核对所翻译的句子是否符合英语习惯等。 正确答案 difficulty (in) keepin
5、g up with his classmates. 考点剖析习惯用法：have difficulty (in) doing sth. “很难做某事”;keep up with“跟上”,如何在冲刺阶段复习翻译题型呢？,立足真题， 挖掘考点， 积极记忆， 胸有成竹！,新四级中翻译考什么？核心考点是什么？,1. 固定搭配考点 By contrast, American mothers were more likely _ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. 【考点剖析】1)be likely to do sth ; 2) owe.to /attribute.to (把.归因于),
6、比较结构,1.I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _.(它更加方便和省时)（2007，12） it is more convenient and time-saving,Since my childhood I have found that_(06,6) (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力) nothing is more attractive to me than reading. nothing appeals to me more than reading.,2) the more
7、, the more The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂) the more confused I am/become/get the less I understand 3)A is 倍数+the size/length/width of B A is倍数 as +原级+as B A is倍数 more than B On average, it is said, visitors spend only （一半的钱）in a day in Leeds as in London. half as much money,._,(与我成长的地方相比)，this town is
8、 more prosperous and exciting.(08,6) Compared with the place where I grew up In comparison with the place where I was brought up,2. 核心语法考点,虚拟语气，其次是倒装结构、从句知识、非谓语动词等。 例1：The professor required that _(我们交研究报告) by Wednesday . 【考点剖析】require that +sb+should+动词原形,虚拟语气,1. If she had returned an hour earlier
9、 , Mary (就不会被大雨淋湿了). (09,6) wouldnt have been caught in the heavy rain. 2. The victim_ (本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. would have a chance to survive. of survival.,3.But for you, _.(我就迷路了） I would have lost my way. (without, but for, in the absence of , were it not for) 4. Youd
10、better take a sweater with you_ (以防天气变冷)(08,12) lest /in case it (should) get cold (lest, in case, for fear that),5. It is essential that _ (把这些申请表尽早寄出） these application forms be sent as early as possible. （It is +adj.+that) advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fundamental, imperative, imp
11、ortant, necessary, proper, urgent, vital, a shame),例2：Not only _ (他向我收费过高), but he didnt do a good repair job either (大纲样题) 【考点剖析】倒装 句首的Not only did he overcharge me,_(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. (08.6) Not until he had accomplished/ completed/ finished/ fulfilled his mission.,
12、3. 核心动词以及动词短语的考查,例1：Though a skilled worker, _(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis . 【考点剖析】“解雇“ dismiss, discharge, fire,在明确了新四级翻译的核心考点之后，如何应对？,冲刺备考建议,在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重点核心表达。 绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点 多背搭配，同时利用经典搭配多造句子，完善语法结构。同时可以提高自己的写作水平，一举两得。 强化重点语法知识
13、。如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等。 深度分析已考翻译试题，全面掌握挖掘潜在考点，学会举一反三。,1. 在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重点核心表达。 例：(为了挣钱供我上学)_, mother often takes on more work than is good for her health. To earn money for my education; To earn money for my schooling ; In order to make money to finance my education ;
14、 In order to make money to fund my education ; In order to earn money to afford my education,2. 绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点 例：The author was required to submit an abstract of about 200 words together with his research paper.,He gave a pledge to handle the affairs in a friendly manner . 【考
15、点探究】 give a pledge to do sth (承诺做某事)； handle in .manner(以.方式),You will not be particular about your food in time of great hunger 【考点探究】 be particular about your food(对食物挑剔) be selective about your food,加强语法：真题中出现的主要句型,1. 从句 (1)主语从句 真题：_(很多人没有意识到的)is providing the best education possible for their ch
16、ildren.(2009.6) 答案：What many people dont realize (2)宾语从句 真题：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life_ _(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.(2007.12) 答案：is measured by how much they can loan,【真题】_(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008.12)
17、 【解析】本题考查对主语从句的掌握。汉语中“所关心的”实际上是指“所关心的事情”，用英语表达则使用what引导的从句。What在主语从句中作介词的宾语。“关心”可以用be concerned about表达。 【答案】What most parents are concerned about,(3)表语从句 真题：In my sixties, one change I notice is that_(我比以前更容易累了).(2007.12) 答案：I am more likely to get tired than before,(4)定语从句 真题：Medical researchers a
18、re painfully aware that there are many problems_(他们至今还没有答案)(2008.12) 答案：(that/which)they havent found solution to或to which they havent found solution 真题：_(与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6) 答案：Compared with the place where I grew up 真题：The prevention and treatment of AIDS
19、 is _(我们可以合作的领域).(2007.6) 答案：the field where(in which)we can cooperate,(5)状语从句 真题：Leaving ones job, _(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6) 答案：whatever it is(让步状语从句) 真题：I am going to pursue this course, _(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).(2007.12) 答案：no matter what kind
20、of sacrifice I have to make(让步状语从句) 真题：Some psychologists claim that people _(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)(2006.12) 答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home(时间状语从句),2.虚拟语气 历年真题中涉及到虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下： (1)(should)+动词原形的情形; (2)if或but for等引导的条件句; (3)wish, if only, would rather, It is(high)time that的用法。,【真题】You would
21、 not have failed if_(按照我的指令去做).(2009.12) 【答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders 【解析】本题考点有两个：首先最重要的考点是if从句的虚拟语气考查;根据语法规定，如果主句中出现would +have的形式，从句中应该采用had+过去分词的结构;第二是固定搭配“按照的指令”表达为follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多样化的表达，两者选其一就可以;注意很多学生出现遗漏主语you，造成不必要的失分。,【真题】The
22、victim _(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006.12) 【解析】本句考查对错综时间条件句的虚拟语气的掌握。在与过去事实相反的条件下，if引导的条件句时态是过去完成时态，主句谓语一般使用would have done。 【答案】would have had a chance to survive/would have had a chance of survival,3.倒装结构 倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型，重点是部分倒装，即只有系动词、助动词和情态动词参与的倒装。常见的倒装结构可以分为四大类： (1)否定
23、倒装。指否定副词或否定的副词性结构hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no soonerthan，not onlybut also用于句首时所导致的倒装。 Seldom did I go to theater, but now it is different. 以前我很少去剧院，但是现在不同了。,【真题】Not only_(他向我收费过高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either.(2006.6新)
24、【解析】本题考查对倒装的掌握。解答此题需要考虑两个层次，首先是动词“收费”的对应词，应当译为“charge”。收费“过高”往往使用too much,更加巧妙的用词overcharge就可以表示“收费过高”。其次，not onlybut结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象，这是倒装的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式，我们要把助动词did提出来，按照倒装形式译为did he overcharge me/dids he charge me too much。 【答案】did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much,(2)虚拟倒装。指在if引导的虚拟条件句中
25、，将if省略，把should, had, were提至主语前，形成倒装。 Were I you, Ill never promise to do that. 如果我是你，绝对不会答应那么做的。,(3)强调倒装。为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时，实行倒装，如： A. so 倒装句 So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep. 他工作如此勤奋以至于经常废寝忘食。 B. 以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语：only, often, then Then did I throw myself into the chai
26、r, exhausted. 然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死了。 Only by working hard can we achieve what we want. 我们只有通过努力工作才能获得想要的东西。,(4)在“so+形容词that分句”结构中，如将“so+形容词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。 So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感动得说不出话来。,模拟习题：,1.She never laughed,_(也从不发脾气)。 2.All the key words in the artic
27、le are printed in bold type so as to_(吸引读者的注意力)。 3.The room is in a terrible mess, it_(肯定没打扫过)。 4.（这个计划成功的关键）_is good planning. 5.When I _(发现他骗我)I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.,答案：,1. nor did she ever lose temper/become angry (本题有两个考察点，第一，表示“两个都不”的否定词应该用nor，要把它置于
28、句首句子要有倒装，第二，“发脾气”的表达法：lose temper/become angry) 2. draw /attract readers attention (考察draw /attract readers attention “引起某人注意”， so as to 后接do sth.) 3. cant have been cleaned (“情态动词+have done”表示推测，cant表示不可能，如推测的事为过去式，则情态动词后用完成式) 4. The key to the success of this project (key在这里解答、关键，其后一般接介词to) 5. fou
29、nd/caught him cheating me,Test 1,1._(从太空上来看)，our earth, with water covering about 75% of its surface, appears as a “blue planet”. 2.Anti-government demonstrations do occur, but seldom, if ever, _(正如报纸上报道他们的那样)。 3.He lent me a thousand pounds,_(那正好是我需要的数目)to solve my problem. 4.The villagers_(理所当然地认为
30、)that we should build new roads. 5._(如果我和我兄弟之间出现争吵)，my dad settles it.,1. Seen from space Seen from space此处用做状语，它和句子主句the earth 的关系是被动的，要用过去分词，being seen 是现在分词的被动形式，这种形式用在动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动词同时发生，在作状语的分词里较少适用。 2. are they reported in the newspaper but 后的分句是以含有否定意义的seldom起首的，后面要用倒装结构。由于是被报纸报道，所以report 要用它
31、的被动形式。 3. which is exactly the amount I needed 此处用关系代词which 指代a thousand pounds.英语中表示金钱、时间、距离等数量的名词短语，虽然形式上是复数的，其后动词仍用单数形式。 4. take it for granted take it for granted 是固定搭配，意思是“理所当然地认为”。 5. If any quarrel arises between my brother and me 此句容易把arise 用成rise，但是 rise的意思是“升起，起来”，而arise 的意思是“出现，发生，呈现”，主语一
32、般为抽象名词，如“problem, trouble, quarrel”等.,Test 2,1_(钟声响了) and we realized it was already two oclock in the afternoon. 2.Finding it difficult to _(适应那里的气候)，he decided to move to the north. 3.He asked the teacher to_(解释得更详细一些)。 4_(与成年人学习外语相比) children do not have good conditions, but they can master mothe
33、r tongue completely. 5._(就外表而言)，Jack and his younger brother have little in common.,1. The clock struck 时钟报时用strike,而不用ring.电话铃响了一般用ring. 2. adapt to the climate there adapt to 有“与相适应”的意思，还可以用“be accustomed to ”或“be adjusted to”来表达类似的意思。注意这些“to”后面一定要跟名词或动名词。 3. explain the word in greater detail “ex
34、plain the word in greater detail”即“详细解释某事”的意思。 4. Compared with adults learning foreign languages 此句考查分词的正确使用，它的主语是children,与adults相比，与compare是动宾关系，所以要用表示被动关系的过去分词形式。 5. As far as the appearance is concerned “as far as something is concerned”表示“就而言”，相似的短语有“as something referred”,表示就某事物的某方面作说明。,练习 1,
35、1. I have had great deal of trouble_.(跟得上班上的其他同学) 答案：keeping up with the rest of the class 2._(我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party. We thought he was still in hospital. 答案：none of us expected the chairman to turn up 3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,_(正如预料的那样). 答案： as was to be expected,4
36、. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much_(是一门科学，也是一门艺术). 答案：an art as it is a science 5. Some women _(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family. 答案：could have made a good salary. 6.Over a third of the population was estimated_(无法
37、获得) to the health service. 答案：to have no access,7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used_(习惯了学生迟到) his lecture. 答案：to students being late for 8. The price of beer_(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season. 答案：ranges/varies from 50 cents to $4 9.Wed like _(预订一张餐桌) five for di
38、nner this evening. 答案：to reserve a table for 10. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means_(想找麻烦). 答案：to make trouble,11. It may be necessary to stop_(每隔时间) in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons. 答案：at intervals 12. The mad man
39、was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _(伤害自己). 答案：injure himself 13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_(忙着准备) her examination. 答案： busy preparing for 14. The ships generator broke down and the pumps_(不得不用手工操作) instead of mechanically. 答案：had to be operated manua
40、lly,15. Why didnt you tell me you could me the money? I_ (本来不必从银行借钱的) 答案： neednt have borrowed it from the bank. 16.By the time you get to New York, I_(已经动身去) London. 答案： shall have left for 17. Buying clothes_(是一件很耗时的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or
41、 her. 答案：is often a very time-consuming job 18. Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown. 答案：something was done/some measures were taken,19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon_(克服了这种心理). 答案：overcame it/got over it 20. Please dont stand in the kitchen, yo
42、ure_(挡路了). 答案： in the way,练习 2,21There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone _(打扰我) that evening. 22._(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation. 23.When I _(发现他骗我) I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop. 24. The manager would rat
43、her his daughter_(不在一个办公室内工作). 25. The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_(最终因天气不好而取消了). 26I_(将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon. 27. How close parents are to their children_ _(有很强的影响) the character of the children. 28. But for his help, I _(我不可能这么早完成). 29. His remarks left me _
44、(想知道他的真实目的). 30. Mark often_(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.,答案,21. had interrupted me 22. it is because she is too inexperienced 23. caught him cheating me 24. did not work in the same office 25. was finally called off/cancelled because of the bad weather 26. will be doing/conductin
45、g the experiment 27. has a strong influence on 28. would not have finished so early 29. wondering about his real purpose 30. attempts to escape being fined,31If this cant be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to_(诉助武力). 32. The room is in a terrible mess; it _（肯定没打扫过）. 33. Everybody knows he_（受到了冤枉指控）.34. He wears a pair of sunglasses_（惟恐被别人认出来）. 35. She never dreams of _(被派到国外). 36. If you wont agree to our plan,_(