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1、Grammar,情态动词,山东邹城一中李冬各,梦幻蝴蝶系列之,Modal Verbs 情态动词 情态动词用来表示说话人对一个动作或状态 的看法，态度或者说话人的情感。它有一定 的意义，即：说话人认为某事“可能”， “或许”，“应该”，或是“必须”发生等。但， 不能单独作谓语，它与行为动词或系动词连用 构成谓语。,情态动词用法的特征： 有一定的词义，但不能单独使用作谓语。 适用于主语的各种人称和数 （have to 例外） 3. 后面接动词原形，即不带to 的不定式 （have to , used to , ought to 本身带有to ) 4. 具有助动词的作用， 既可用来构成否定句 疑问句
2、及简明答语。,助动词：do does, have (done ) will did be,can could be able to may might must shall should will would ought to dare need have to used to had better,常用的情态动词：,1) can的主要用法是： A. _： eg. The girl can dance very well. He is a native speaker of English, so he can of course speak English quite well.,can 和
3、could：,表示能力,B. _： eg. Can the news be true? You cant be serious.,表示推测可能性,客观的可能性： Accidents can happen on such rainy days. Everybody can make mistake.,而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性，肯定 句一般不用can , can 用在疑问句和否定句中。 Peter may come with us tonight, but he isnt sure yet.,疑问句和 否定句,解答情态动词类的题目时， 一定要细细领会情景特征， 情景中没有任何废话， 不要放过
4、任何细节。,There is no light on - they _ be at home. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 2. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where _ I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would 3. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railwaystation. A. should B. ca
5、n C. must D. will,C. _: eg. Can I sit here? Can I leave now? - Can I use your bike tomorrow morning? - Yes, you can.,表请求或许可,can 的用法： A. 表示能力； B. 表推测，可能性 C. 表请求或许可,2) could的主要用法是： A. _ _: eg. We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor.,could 是can的过去式, 表示过去 的能力和推测,B. could可代替can表示请求, 语气委婉,eg.
6、Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike?,3) eg. They cant /couldnt have gone out because the light is still on.,cant /couldnt have done 过否猜,must do/be 现肯猜 cantt do/be 现否猜 must have done 过肯猜,1 . I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. shouldnt B. couldnt C.
7、mustnt D. neednt 2. She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. - I guess so. Its not difficult after all. should B. could C. must D. might 3. He looks very young, so he _ be a student. A. must B. can C. will D. may,may 和might ： may 常用来表示： A. _ eg. - _ I stop here, sir? - No. Go on to the next
8、 paragraph, please. A. Will B. May C. Would D. Ought You may go now.,表示请求、允许;比can正式:,B. _,eg. -I believe the man is from England. But I may be wrong.,表示猜测, 推测,The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。,实际的可能性,没把握的,Peter _ come here tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will,C. _ eg. M
9、ay you succeed! May you have a good journey!,表示祝愿;语气较正式:,may well + 动词原形 “完全能，很可能 He may well be proud of his son. 他大可因为儿子感到骄傲。 may as well + 动原 “最好， 满可以” You may as well do it at once. 你最好马上就做这件事。,其它用法,may 的用法： A. 请求，允许 B. 推测，猜测 C. 祝愿,might 的用法有: She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。
10、 -Is this Toms bike? I am not sure, but it _ be. A. might B. will C. must D. can,A.一般表示过去可能，也可用现在，比 may更弱,B. might + have done 表示对过去发生事情 的没把握的判断。,must have done 过去肯定 cant/ couldnt have done 过去否定 might have done 不确定,-Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. - You _ it in the wrong
11、place. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put - John is abscent (缺席）today. - He _ have caught a cold, but I am not sure. A. can B. might C. must D. should,must 的主要用法：,A. _ eg: We must all die. 人总要死的。 B. _ He always comes first in exams. He must work very hard. You get the first p
12、rize, and you must be very happy now.,表示必然性。,表推测，判断，有把握的,In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you _ take care of your luggage. can B. may C. must D. will,C. _ eg: You must get up early. 你必须早起来。,表示强制/义务。,D. _,非得，应要,- May I smoke here? - If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section.
13、 should B. could C. may D. must John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need,如：We mustnt waste our time. - May I take this magazine out? - No, you mustnt.,注意: must not : “禁止”。,must 用于一般疑问句的时候， 肯定回答用must , 或者 Im afraid so, 或 Yes, please. 其否定回答用 needn
14、t 或者 dont have to,- Must he come to sign this paper himself? - Yes, he _. need B. must C. may D. must,must have done 表示对过去事情 肯定的判断 must do/ be 对现在事情的判断,1. Tom graduated from college at a very Young age. - Oh, he _ have been a very smart boy then. A. could B. should C. might D. must 2. Guess what! I
15、have got A for my term paper. - Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A. must B. could C. must D. might,must 的用法 必然 推测，判断，很有把握的 强制，义务 非得，应要,可能性从大到小: must. can could may might,will和would：,A. I will tell you something important. 我将要告诉你一些重要的事,Will you tell her that Im here? 请您告诉她说我在这儿
16、，好吗?,（助动词）,（情态动词）,will是助动词或是情态动词 用于构成将来时是助动词。 用于表“意志/决心/请求”是情态动词。 would亦同理。,B. _ If you want help, let me know, will you? 如果你需要帮助, 让我知道, 好吗? Will you type this, please? 请打印这个，好吗？ - Will you go shopping with me/ - Yes, I _ . A. will B. shall C. can D. may,疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求,第二人称,C. _ Close the door, _,w
17、ill you ?,祈使句的反意疑问句常用 will 提问。,3. _ Would you help us, please? 请您帮助我们，好吗？ Id go there with you. 我要和你一块到那儿去。 Teacher wouldnt allow it. 老师不会允许这件事。,（表请求）,would比will客气委婉。,（表意愿）,（表许可）,shall和should：,A. Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter.可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。 （构成一般将来时, 助动词）,shall用于构成将来时是助动词。,（表 “决
18、心”，情态动词）,Shall we go by train, Mom? 妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？ I shall go at once. 我必须立即去。,B.用于征求意见和表 “决心” ,是情态动词 用于第一，三人称。,（用于征求对方的意见，情态动词）,（表 “决心”，情态动词）,C. _ You shall go with me,shall的主语是第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人 的允诺、警告、命令等语气。 will 的主语是第一、二、三人称的陈述句， 表意志、意愿。,He shall be punished. If you will come to my house, I will sho
19、w you my new painting.,A. 表示“劝告，建议”或有“责任，义务”去 做某事，通常译为“必须，应该。” 表说话人认为主语应该做某事。,You should work hard. He should be more careful.,should 的用法 :,.B_ You should have done your homework better.你本该把作业做的更好些。 He should have come earlier. 他应该来得更早些。,should +have done 表示过去本该做 某事，而没做,-_ I go out to play, mum? -No
20、, you_. You should do your homework first. A. Might; wouldnt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustnt,B,2. -Where is Emma? -I cant say for sure where she is, but she_ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. must D. may,D,3. The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned. A. cant have been B
21、. couldnt be C. may have been D. would be,A,4. How_ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. may,A,5. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustn
22、t B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt,C,6. -Jane has just come back from China and she looks happy. - She _ her trip very much. must enjoy B. must have enjoyed C. may enjoy D should have enjoyed,B,Were going to _ with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us? get in B. get over C. get along D
23、. get together,D,I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police? A. should B. may C. will D. can,A,When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need,B,You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. might B. need C. should D. would,C,表示惊讶的语气,You _ be tired - youve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not,