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1、一图表类作文,图表作文是四级写作中难度较大的一种写作题型。这类作文可综合提供题目、数据、图像、提纲，形式多样，但实际上只涉及5个方面：描述图表、指明寓意、分析原因、联系实际、给出建议。而每次考试只是从这5个方面的内容中选出3个结合在一起。从写作类型来看，文体多以说明文和议论文为主。要求考生围绕题目将有关信息转化为文字形式。写图表作文时对图表和数据内容不必全部描述，只需重点引用能支持观点的一些数据。分析图表时切不可凭空想象，要善于抓住总的规律和趋势。时态方面除特定的时间用过去时外，常用一般现在时 一般以三段式写作方法来组织文章。,图表作文的篇章结构 写图表作文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式。这一结构
2、可简单表述为： 第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想 第二段：分析产生的原因 第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议 图表类作文常见模板 第一段总体描述图表指明时间段指出突出变化或不同 常用句型或短语 As is clearly shown in the char/ table/graph, _ According to the figures given in the table/chart/graph, _ It can be seen from the table/chart/graph, _. The figures in the table/chart reflect that _. espec
3、ially, _指出突出变化 第二段分析原因 There are several factors leading to this change / difference There are several reasons for _.(引出原因) To begin with, _(原因一) In addition, _原因二0 For example, _举例说明 Last but not the least, _原因三 To sum up简要总结 第三段自己的观点 As for me, _ On the one hand, _ on the other, _ In brief_,相关常用词组
4、 图表类型：table,chart,diagram,graph 描述：illustrate，reveal，represent，can be seen from 表示数据变化的单词或词组 Rapid/rapidly 迅速地，飞快地 Significant/Significantly 有意义的，重大的 Sharp/sharply 急剧的，明显的 Stable/stably 稳定的 Slight/slightly 轻微的，略微地 其他在描述中常用到的词 Noticeable trend 明显趋势 in the case of 在.的情况下 In terms of/in respect of/rega
5、rding 在方面 distribute 分布，区别 In contrast 相反，大不相同 market forces 市场规律,1.图表常用经典句子 As can be seen from the chart/graph/table. As revealed/shown/stated/noted in the picture A careful study of the table shows that All these data clearly prove the fact that It is apparent from the figures/statistics “结尾”段落中常
6、用的句型： 1. In my opinion, 2. Personally, I 3. In short (= In brief), 4. In conclusion, 5.As far as Im concerned, 6. To conclude , it seems clear that ,二写作的六项基本原则,1.长短句原则 长短句交错结合，在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候可以采用先短后长的句群形式 2.主题句原则 主题句通常放在句首 3.阐述观点的一二三原则 To begin with,then,furthermore,finally To sta
7、rt with,next,in addition to,finally First and foremost,besides,last but not least For one thing,for another thing(适用于两点的情况),4. 短语优先原则 写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法。！比如： I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. .5多实少虚原则 写文章也要求实际，不要空话连篇。这就要求多用实词，少用虚词。所
8、谓虚词指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个人很好的时候，不应该只说nice 这样空洞的词，应该使用如generous,humorous,smart,gentle之类的形象词,6.多变句式原则 （1）加法 就是可以在句子之间加and，最好是前后句子有先后关系或并列关系 其他可用短语：besides,furthermore,likewise,moreover （2）转折 The car was quite old,yet it was in excellent condition. 其他短语：despite that,still,however,in spite of,neverthless （3）因
9、果 可用短语：then,therefore,consequently,accordingly,hence, as a result （4）失衡句 其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形 This is what I can do （5）附加 在句子中穿插定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语，使句子有变化,三四级写作常用句型高分得分句子,1.It is time + S + 过去式 （该是.的时候了） 例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. 该是有关当局采取适
10、当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 2.be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V （不得不.） 例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. 既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。 3.Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。 例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. 自从他上高中，他一直很用功。,4.It pays to + V （.
11、是值得的。） 例句：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的 5.bring home to + 人 + 事 （让.明白.事） 例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard. 我们应该让人们明白努力的价值 6The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子 （.的原因是.） 例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we ha
12、ve to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 7.Leave much to be desired （令人不满意） 例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. 我们的交通状况令人不满意,四四级作文常见错误分析,1.代词在句中的指代错误 When he thrust a stick into the rat hole,it ran out and bit him. It 在句中指代的只能是rat hole
13、,而不是rat,由于意义混淆造成指代错误，应将it 明确改为the rat 2.代词在句中的指代不明 The people whose weekly earnings is obviously more than those who have not received the higher education ,the reason is that they have bigger chance to find a better job. 此处的they 很显然指代不明，本意是指学历较高的人，应改为well-educated people 此句还有一个明显的错误就是whose引导的是一个定语从
14、句，后面直接是the reason is that，因此people缺少应有的谓语，句子不完整,3.代词one和you用于指代意义时的不同 If one wants to excel in athletics,you should watch your diet 一般规则是，用于泛指意义时，常用he(him,his),用于特定意义时才用you（your） When a person gets married,you take on new responsibilities 把you改为he,或者把a person 改为you，与后面一致 4.介词to用法不明确 They do jobs tha
15、t can be replaced anytime due to their jobs are easy Due to 的to是介词，后面应接词组或短语 常见的此类介词短语还有：be / get / become used to 习惯于 be given to 喜欢；癖好 be related to 与有关系 be addicted to 沉溺于；对上瘾 be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于,5.修饰语错位 英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化例 I believe I can do it well and I will better know the
16、world outside the campus. 剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末 6.句子不完整 例.There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on . 剖析：本句后半部分for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句 改为：There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and
17、 newspaper,五2012年12月英语四级高分范文,Judging from the table, we can see that peoples income increases along with their education levels. Above all，the average college graduates earn much more than the typical high-school graduates. Judging from 是一个由现在分词转化而来的独立主格结构,在句子单独使用,不受主语的影响.为文章添色不少，可以一下就吸引到阅卷者的注意力 The
18、 fact revealed by these data is obvious: a degree does bring distinctive financial benefits to its holders. But is it true that a degree alone can ensure a bright future? I dont think so because, on the one hand, the financial value of high education depends heavily on what skills graduates can gain
19、 from it instead of the degree itself. After all, an employer only pays for your ability and performance, not for your certificate. On the other hand, the most valuable bless high education brings to graduates is the ability to learn quickly and efficiently. People received more education tend to ke
20、ep lifelong learning habits after their graduation, which would help them gain more opportunities in their career path. distinctive 有特色的，与众不同的 what引导的名词性从句作介词on 的宾语 which引导了一个非限制性定语从句,In conclusion, what accounts for education pays is not the degree alone, but the graduates ability and learning habit. what 又引导了一个主语从句 整篇文章机构分明，层次清晰，让人一目了然 第二段的论述也是有理有据，观点很鲜明，on one hand,on the other hand的使用让论述的层次很清楚，所举例子也很有说服力，能较好的支撑所述论点 高级词汇，句型使用也为文章加分不少,谢谢观赏,