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1、Environmental pollution,2分-条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分-基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8分-基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯；但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。 11分-切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分-切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本无语言错误。,1、基本正确 四、六级考生的最大问题不是写得太简单，而是严重错误太多。基础一般的同学即使使用小学或中学词汇和句型，只要使用得基本正确，也可以得到及格分数。考生最常犯的语言错误有三类：语法、拼写
2、、标点。最常犯的语法错误包括：时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数等。 2、丰富多变 基础较好的同学，要想取得四、六级写作高分，应做到丰富多变。丰富多变体现在词汇和句型两方面。同一词语在一句话、一个段落乃至一篇文章中最好 不要重复出现，应尽量使用同、近义词替换(无法替换的关键词除外)。 例如：think可以替换为reckon, assume, argue等词。如果想不到同、近义词，可以使用上义词进行替换。此外，句型也应富于变化，不要拘泥于主谓宾句型，可以使用主系表、过去分词和现在分词短 语作状语、不定式短语作状语、状语从句等多种句型。,四级作文如果量化成句数，只需写10句左右;六级只需12句左右。
3、全文应以短句为主，长短句相结合。所谓短句是指10个词左右的句子，不能全篇都是5、6个词的短句。同时，全文应有一定数量的长句，一般1520词即可，太长则易冗赘。有的同学以为只写长句不写短句，就能取得高分，实际上老师看长句会觉得很累，以为你不会写短句，通常不会给高分。如果一篇中文作文每句都30多个字，定然晦涩难懂，英文也不例外。精炼的短句可以放在段首表示强调; 复杂的长句可以进行具体的论证、举例或描述。,高分作文如何练就 审题是关键，重视提纲。 词句用准确，简明扼要。 层次分清，主题突出 书写要规范，卷面整洁 1. 审题构思（5分钟）-第一步审题，第二步：整体构思，第三步：列提纲 2. 下笔创作（
4、20分钟）-1每一段按一定字数创作，保持整体结构平整。2创作与气势的开篇和有特色的结束句。3长短句结合，适当用些插入语。4保持卷面整洁。 3. 修改润色（5分钟）-1信息点是否全面。2词语拼写、标点符号是否正确。3时态、主谓、人称的一致性。4可数名词和不可数名词是否写错。5冠词、代词的用法。6词组和短语的固定搭配是否正确。7句子是否完整。,高分真经,(一)背诵 背诵是提高英语综合能力的法宝，可分为以下5个层次：(1)精彩词汇;(2)精彩句型;(3)精彩句子;(4)万能框架;(5)经典范文。 背诵失败主要有两个原因：(1)没有进行造句的工作，只是盲目背诵。(2)背得不够熟练。学习任何东西都讲究先
5、求质，再求量。 大家英语学了很多年，文章看了很多，为什么写作还是学不好?关键是量铺开了，但质没有上去。一篇文章应背到脱口而出的程度，如果还需要过脑子，就证明背得不够熟练。一知半解，背得再多也是徒劳。,(二)默写 背完经典范文后，进行默写。然后对照原文纠错，搞清楚错在什么地方。多数同学在写的时候都会犯小错误，如拼写、单复数、大小写等。这些就是你在写作中的弱点，也是阅卷老师最不能容忍的地方。培根说过：“Writing makes an exact man”。（写作使人精确）。只有默写下来才能发现自己经常犯哪些错误。,(三)中译英 中译英也是提高写作的好方法。根据范文的中文译文，将其按自己的理解译成
6、英文。译完后，你就会发现自己的翻译和原文有很大差距，这些差距就是取得写作高分的关键。这时，对照范文，看看原作者是怎么写的，思考为什么这么写。同样的一句中文，范文中使用了哪些词汇和句型?你使用了哪些词汇和句型?学 习范文使用不同的词汇和句型。通过不断练习，你的写作水平不知不觉就提高了。,(四)写作 模仿范文写作新的文章，套用范文的精彩词汇、句型、句子和框架。最初套用时可能比较生硬，但随着不断的积累，组合起来会越来越顺手。,在练习写作的初始阶段, 可勤查语法书和字典等工具书, 背记常用词和短语，以扩大词汇量，拓展知识面。背单词时要深刻理解所背词语的内在含义，并了解其使用环境。备考时，熟记一些过渡词
7、、句型和范文，并进行仿写。考试时，使用学习过的、熟悉而有把握的词汇和句型，没有把握的句子，尽量采取“回避政策”，切忌自编自造汉语式的英语词组和句型,动词：多种多样的动词，展示丰富的词汇量 连接词 频率副词和程度副词 从句 表达观点 形容词 用非人称代词代替名词,It is a sad fact that our environment is getting worse. There are many environmental problems nowadays. The polluted air, water and soil do great harm to peoples health.
8、 Pollution sometimes causes serious diseases. Many species are quickly disappearing. One of the most serious problems is the climate change. The temperature is rising, bringing many natural disasters along with it. Environmental protection is very urgent because of these serious problems that threat
9、en our lives. The first step of environmental protection is to raise peoples awareness. When we do realize that our environment is getting worse, we can really do something. Environmental protection means controlling the pollution, and protecting animals, the forest and sea resources. As university
10、students, we should pay attention to what we can do to protect the environment. For example, we should use paper bags instead of plastic bags. When we use paper to print something, we should use both the front and the back. We should also try our best to avoid wasting water.,The world we live in is
11、becoming more and more intolerable because of environmental destruction. A lot of measures have been taken However, the problem of environmental protection remains far from being solved. The world we live in is becoming more and more intolerable because of environmental destruction. For example, for
12、est destruction results in decrease of planting land and unpleasant weather. In addition, man is faced with problems of water pollution and air pollution. A lot of measures have been taken. Planting trees helps improve and beautify the environment. Besides, laws concerning environmental protection h
13、ave been put into effect and achieved good results. However, the problem of environmental protection remains far from being solved. On the one hand, the environment pollution and destruction are getting worse and worse in the modern world. On the other hand, the lack of knowledge about the importanc
14、e of protecting environment hinders the solving of the problem. In a word, there is a long way to go before we enjoy a clean and comfortable world.,In modern society, pollution is one of the most serious problems we are facing. It seems to come with the development of technology. Due to air pollutio
15、n, the sky is always gray, the air is difficult to breathe, and the dust storms in the northern cities are getting worse every year. We are also facing water pollution. Some rivers have been badly polluted by industrial waste. A lot of precious land is covered in garbage. In this situation, measures
16、 should be taken to protect the environment. A good way is to limit the exhaust gas emitted from automobiles by encouraging people to use public transport instead of driving their own cars. Another way could be to strictly control waste from factories that is dumped into the water. And as always, pl
17、anting more trees is an excellent idea. The most important thing is that citizens need to become eco-conscious. Lets start protecting our earth right now and make it a better place to live in.,Beginning Paragraph,1. In modern society, environment-related issues have confronted ecological scientists,
18、 government agencies and the general public. 2. Globally, environmental degradation has been recognized as one of the main challenges that people have to overcome in the 21st century. 3. As we know, certain developments in technology lead to environmental problems. The best example I can give for th
19、is is the industrial revolution, and manual labor was largely replaced by machines, which were operated by burning coal and fossil fuels. This is thought by many to be a major cause of pollution and other environmental problems since the waste and after-products of burning fuels are usually disposed
20、 of into the air and water.,While seemingly powerless, individuals can actually do a lot to make a difference. We can drive hybrid cars, conserve electricity and water, buy local organic food and support environmentally friendly brands. These are sustainable practices that can create a ripple （连锁反应）
21、effect. 虽然看似无力，其实人们有很多事情可以去做，以带来改变。我们可以开混合动力车，节约水电，购买当地有机食品，支持环保品牌等。这些都是可以产生一定效果的可持续做法。,Ending,1. In conclusion, if not solved properly, the rapid environmental deterioration may pose a huge threat on our survival in the years ahead. 2. All in all, the earth is our home and each individual has respo
22、nsibility to take care of it, not only for ourselves but also for our later generations. So we must work together to protect the environment and there is also a great deal that we can do alone. For example, we can save energy at home, like turning on the air conditioner only when we have to, or turn
23、ing water heater down a few degrees, which is also ultimately good for the environment.,Useful expressions,No doubt 无疑 However, we should not brush aside thatFirst,Besides,As well, 然而，我们不应当忽视的是，首先，再者，同时, To sum it up, we should spare no effort to protect our common living environment. Promote the pu
24、blic awareness of environmental protection/ arouse peoples awareness of environmental protection,Energy-saving Non-renewable resources 不可再生资源 Carbon dioxide Pollutant 污染性物质 Waste disposal 废物处理 Exhaust gas 废气 Means of transportation 交通方式 Transportation tools Energy crisis 能源危机 Pose a threat to health
25、 对健康构成潜在威胁 Chemical pollutant 化学污染物 Water-saving habit 节水的习惯 Hazardous material 有害物质 At risk 在危险中 Be exhausted 被耗尽 Urban garbage 城市垃圾 Be unfriendly to the government 对环境不利 Environment degradation 环境恶化 Litter collection and disposal 垃圾的回收和处理 Ruin the government 破坏环境,Take stronger and harsher measures 采取强有力的措施 Lack adequate awareness 认识不够 Figure out a feasible solution 想出一个可行的解决方法 A generally acknowledged fact 一个公认的事实 Make something a top priority 使某事成为当务之急 Ecosystem/ ecological system 生态系统 Sustainable development 可持续性发展 Environmentally-friendly 对环境无害的 Conserve 节约 Preserve 保护,