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1、Unit13,Watch the video clip and answer the following questions.,Whats Amandas plan after the project is finished? 2. Why does she have such an idea?,Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1,Audiovisual Supplement,Cultural Information,To have a holiday for several weeks.,Because she wants to
2、 get rid of the stress which makes women look haggard.,Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 2,Audiovisual Supplement,Cultural Information,Ok, so we are done. All right. You know lets just take off for a few weeks. Yeah. What do you mean by “yeah”? Im not kidding. You always that this is o
3、ur busiest time. I need to get out of the town. You know, I think I need some peace and quiet. Whatever these people go away for. You know what I really want to do. I want to eat carbs so I wouldnt need to kill myself. You know, I want to read a book, not just a magazine, an,Video Script1,Audiovisua
4、l Supplement,Cultural Information,Amanda: Assistant A: Amanda: Assistant A: Amanda: Assistant B: Amanda:,actual book. For years I read these reviews I buy the books but I never read them. Did you read that article in New York Times last Sunday? Severe stress makes women age prematurely because stres
5、s causes DNA in our cells to shrink until they can no longer replicate. So when we are stressed we looked haggard. This is just women not men. Im sorry. Remember when I used to say that single women over the age of 35 will more likely to be killed by a terrorist than to get married. OK, that was hor
6、rible. But now our generation is,Assistant A: Amanda:,Video Script2,Audiovisual Supplement,Cultural Information,also not getting married and bonus, real terrorists actually become part of our lives. So the stress of it at all actually shows up on our faces making us look haggard.,Video Script3,Audio
7、visual Supplement,Cultural Information,Cultural information 1,Audiovisual Supplement,Cultural Information,Walden Pond is a lake located in Concord, Massachusetts, in the United States. The writer, transcendentalist, and philosopher Henry David Thoreau lived on the shores of the pond for two years st
8、arting in the summer of 1845. His account of the experience was recorded in Walden; or, Life in the Woods, and made the spot famous.,Walden Pond,Cultural information 2,Audiovisual Supplement,Cultural Information,“I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential
9、facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the
10、 marrow of life.” (from Henry David Thoreau, Walden, “Where I Lived, and What I Lived For”) Now the Walden Pond has the cultural embodiment of leaving the busy city life and immersion into the nature so as to pursue ones own self.,All the efforts we make in our social life may lead to the ultimate p
11、urpose of seeking happiness. Yet in modern world people are so drifted by their busy schedules that we may one day find out that we have been far away from our original target. This text is written from those who might get lost during our long journey of struggle. We learn from the text that the pro
12、blem of overscheduling has three main causes, which are economic cause, technological cause and, the most important, psychological cause. All these causes, when working together, make us the slaves of our own schedules and lose our fun in doing things. Besides this macroscopic change in our value ju
13、dgment,Global Reading - Text Analysis,Structural Analysis,Text Analysis,Rhetorical Features,Global Reading - Text Analysis,it is also necessary to seek help from outside efforts such as expanding vacation time and shortening the work week. Another, which is more important and more difficult to achie
14、ve, is to adopt a new perspective of time. Only through this can we be back to our original journey to pursue happiness.,Structural Analysis,Text Analysis,Rhetorical Features,(Paragraphs 1-3) introduces the fact that most Americans have become the slaves of their schedules.,Structural analysis,1) In
15、 terms of organization, the article clearly falls into four main parts:,Structural Analysis,Text Analysis,Rhetorical Features,The first part,(Paragraphs 4-6) lists the three major causes of overscheduling, namely, economic cause, technological cause and psychological causes.,The second part,(Paragra
16、phs 7-10) tells us the bad effect of overscheduling: it deprives us of the fun of life and it also reveals the authors opinion on this problem “We are bigger than our schedules”. This part also brings us to his suggested solution to this problem in the last part of the essay.,The third part,Structur
17、al analysis,2) The transitional paragraphs of this text is Paragraph 9 and 10 where the author not only reveals his opinion on this problem “We are bigger than our schedules” but also brings us to his suggested solution to this problem, which is presented in the last part of the essay.,Structural An
18、alysis,Text Analysis,Rhetorical Features,(Paragraphs 11-14) suggests the political solution which consists of mainly the outside efforts as well as our own psychological adjustment.,The fourth part,Rhetorical Features,Structural Analysis,Text Analysis,Rhetorical Features,1) Extensive employment of s
19、hort sentences, ellipsis and even one-word sentences:,e.g.,“DAMN!” ,“That would do it.”, “Whew!”, “Yes!”, “No!” (Paragraph 1),Rhetorical Features,Structural Analysis,Text Analysis,Rhetorical Features,2) Syntactical features: in a single sentence, a succession of verbs are used,e.g.,“Youll skip yoga
20、class, blow off the neighborhood meeting, ignore the piles of laundry and just relax.” (paragraph 1),“ Determined and sternly focused, we march through each day obeying the orders of our calendars.” (Paragraph 2) “ virtual slaves to their schedules” (Paragraph 3) “onerous obligations” (Paragraph 3)
21、“ but merely following a dizzying timetable of duties” (Paragraph 3),Rhetorical Features,Structural Analysis,Text Analysis,Rhetorical Features,3) Semantic features: to bring into prominence the idea that one is constantly driven by endless apparently urgent trifles in life,e.g.,Rhetorical Features,S
22、tructural Analysis,Text Analysis,Rhetorical Features,“feel the pinch” (Paragraph 4) “ they fuel the trend that every minute must be accounted for.” (Paragraph 5) “You cant happily savor an experience because your mind races toward the next one on the calendar.” (Paragraph 7) “fell hemmed in by our s
23、chedules” (Paragraph 11),Detailed reading 1.1,Detailed Reading,Our Schedules, Our Selves,Jay Walljasper,1 DAMN! Youre 20 minutes no, more like half an hour late for your breakfast meeting, which you were hoping to scoot out of early to make an 8:30 seminar across town. And, somewhere in there, there
24、s that conference call. Now, at the last minute, you have to be at a 9:40 meeting. No way you can miss it.,Detailed reading1.2,Lets see, the afternoon is totally booked, but you can probably push back your 10:15 appointment and work through lunch. That would do it. Whew! The day has barely begun and
25、 already you are counting the hours until evening, when you can finally go home and happily, gloriously, triumphantly, do nothing. Youll skip yoga class, blow off the neighborhood meeting, ignore the piles of laundry and just relax. Yes! No! Tonights the night of the concert. You promised Nathan and
26、 Mara weeks ago that you would go. DAMN!,Detailed Reading,2 Welcome to daily grind circa 2003 a grueling 24-7 competition against the clock that leaves even the winners wondering what happened to their lives. Determined and sternly focused, we march through each day obeying the orders of our calenda
27、rs. The idle moment, the reflective pause, serendipity of any sort have no place in our plans. Stopping to talk to someone or slowing down to appreciate a sunny afternoon will only make you late for your next round of activities. From the minute we rise in the morning, most of us have our day charte
28、d out. The only surprise is if we actually get everything done that we had planned before collapsing into bed at night.,Detailed reading 2,Detailed Reading,3 On the job, in school, at home, increasing numbers of North Americans are virtual slaves to their schedules. Some of what fills our days are o
29、nerous obligations, some are wonderful opportunities, and most fall in between, but taken together they add up to too much. Too much to do, too many places to be, too many things happening too fast, all mapped out for us in precise quarter-hour allotments on our palm pilots or day planners. We are n
30、ot leading our lives, but merely following a dizzying timetable of duties, commitments, demands, and options. How did this happen? Wheres the luxurious leisure that decades of technological progress was supposed to bestow upon us?,Detailed reading 3,Detailed Reading,4 The acceleration of the globali
31、zed economy, and the accompanying decline of people having any kind of a say over wages and working conditions, is a chief culprit. Folks at the bottom of the socio-economic ladder feel the pain most sharply. Holding down two or three jobs, struggling to pay the bills, working weekends, no vacation
32、time, little social safety net, they often feel out of control about everything happening to them. But even successful professionals, people who seem fully in charge of their destinies, feel the pinch. Doctors, for example, working impossibly crowded schedules under the command of HMOs, feel overwhe
33、lmed. Many of them are now seeking union representation, traditionally the recourse of low-pay workers.,Detailed reading 4,Detailed Reading,5 The onslaught of new technology, which promised to set us free, has instead ratcheted up the rhythms of everyday life. Cell phones, e-mail, and laptop compute
34、rs instill expectations of instantaneous action. While such direct communication can loosen our schedules in certain instances (its easier to shift around an engagement on short notice), overall they fuel the trend that every minute must be accounted for. Its almost impossible to put duties behind y
35、ou now, when the boss or committee chair can call you at a rap show or sushi restaurant, and documents can be e-mailed to you on vacation in Banff or Thailand. If you are never out of the loop, then are you ever not working?,Detailed reading 5,Detailed Reading,6 Our own human desire for more choices
36、 and new experiences also plays a role. Just like hungry diners gathering around a bountiful smorgasbord, its hard not to pile too many activities on our plates. An expanding choice of cultural offerings over recent decades and the liberating sense that each of us can fully play a number of differen
37、t social roles (worker, citizen, lover, parent, artist, etc.) has opened up enriching and exciting opportunities. Spanish lessons? Yes. Join a volleyball team? Why not. Cello and gymnastics classes for the kids? Absolutely. Tickets to a blues festival, food and wine expo, and political fundraiser? S
38、ure. And we cant forget to make time for school events, therapy sessions, protest rallies, religious services, and dinner with friends.,Detailed reading 6,Detailed Reading,Detailed reading 7,Detailed Reading,7 Yes, these can all add to our lives. But with only 24 hours allotted to us each day, somet
39、hing is lost too. You dont just run into a friend anymore and decide to get coffee. You cant happily savor an experience because your mind races toward the next one on the calendar. In a busy life, nothing happens if you dont plan it, often weeks in advance. Our “free” hours become just as programme
40、d as the work day. What begins as an idea for fun frequently turns into an obligation obstacle course. Visit that new barbecue restaurant. Done! Go to tango lessons. Done! Fly to Montreal for a long weekend. Done!,Detailed reading 8,Detailed Reading,8 Weve booked ourselves so full of prescheduled ac
41、tivities theres no time left for those magic, spontaneous moments that make us feel most alive. We seldom stop to think of all the experiences we are eliminating from our lives when we load up our appointment book. Reserving tickets for a basketball game months away could mean you miss out on the fi
42、rst balmy evening of spring. Five p.m. skating lessons for your children fit so conveniently into your schedule that you never realize its the time all the other kids in the neighborhood gather on the sidewalk to play.,Detailed reading 9,Detailed Reading,9 A few years back, radical Brazilian educato
43、r Paulo Freire was attending a conference of Midwestern political activists and heard over and over about how overwhelmed people felt about the duties they face each day. Finally, he stood up and, in slow, heavily accented English, declared, “We are bigger than our schedules.” The audience roared wi
44、th applause.,Detailed reading 10,10 Yes, we are bigger than our schedules. So how do we make sure our lives are not overpowered by an endless roster of responsibilities? Especially in an age where demanding jobs, two-worker households or single-parent families make the joyous details of everyday lif
45、e cooking supper from scratch or organizing a block party seem like an impossible dream? There is no set of easy answers, despite what the marketers of new convenience products would have us believe. But that doesnt mean we cant make real steps to take back our lives.,Detailed Reading,Detailed readi
46、ng 11.1,11 Part of the answer is political. So long as Americans work longer hours than any other people on Earth we are going to feel hemmed in by our schedules. Expanded vacation time for everyone, including part-time and minimum wage workers, is one obvious and overdue solution. Shortening the wo
47、rk week, something the labor movement and progressive politicians successfully accomplished in the early decades of the 20th century, is another logical objective. Theres nothing preordained about 40-hours on the job; Italy, France, and other European nations have already cut back working hours.,Det
48、ailed Reading,Detailed reading 11.2,An opportunity for employees outside academia to take a sabbatical every decade or so is another idea whose time has come. And how about more vacation and paid holidays? Lets start with Martin Luther Kings birthday, Susan B. Anthonys birthday, and your own! Any ef
49、fort to give people more clout in their workplaces from strengthened unions to employee ownership could help us gain much-needed flexibility in our jobs, and our lives.,Detailed Reading,Detailed reading 12,12 On another front, how you think about time can make a big difference in how you feel about your life, as other articles in this cover section illustrate. Note how some of your most memorable moments occurred when something in your schedule fell through. The canceled lunch t