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1、考研英语阅读理解 微观阅读技巧,授课人：杭州新东方 许啸,考研英语阅读理解 素质培养篇,微观阅读素养,对标点符号的理解 对关联词的理解 对时态的理解,对标点符号的理解,英语中的标点符号的作用 ，分割一个句子，意群的分割 ；使句子结构平衡，分号前后连接句子，结构并列 或者语意并列 解释说明，补充说明成分 ： 解释说明，抽象到具体的过程 ，与， 插入语 与 插入语 . 表示一句话，一段冗长的段落首先先分句 “” 有话说，或者仅表示正话反说 括号，补充说明，列举，解释生词,more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinne
2、r in favor of staying on the job-thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers. 破折号 补充说明,And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of societys understanding - the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. 1994年text3 破
3、折号,Personality is to large extent inherent A-type-parents usually bring about A type offspring. 1995年text4 破折号,The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new languageall these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their effo
4、rts. 破折号 1995年text2,55. A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when _. A he has given up his smoking habit B he has made great efforts in his work C he is keen on learning anything new D he has tried to determine where he is on his journey A,Senior citizen discounts only enhance t
5、he myth that older people cant take care of themselves and need special treatment； and they threaten the creation of a new myth, that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. 分号 并列 语意结构？,Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produ
6、ce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. 分号,In 1854 my great-grandfather, Morris Marable, was sold on an auction block in Georgia for $500. For his wh
7、ite slave master, the sale was just “business as usual.” auction 拍卖 引号 正话反说 作者认为奴隶制是否可取？,“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that theres no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,” wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. 1994年text5 引用他人观点,69. The auth
8、or quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because _. A Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity B the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things C the reader is familiar with Rudolph Fleschs point of view D the quotat
9、ion adds a new idea to the information previously presented B,The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded. More workers fear theyve become “the disposable A
10、merican,” as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name. 引号 表层含义进行引申,55. What does Louis Uchitelle mean by “the disposable American” (Line 3, Para. 5)? A) Those who see job stability as part of their living standard. B) People full of utopian ideas resulting from affluence. C) People who h
11、ave little say in American politics. D) Workers who no longer have secure jobs. D,1999年完型填空 This “ 45 ” work force is the most important 46 in American business today, and it is 47 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. 45.A durable B disposable C available D transferable B,Many wh
12、ite institutions, including some leading universities, insurance companies and banks, profited from slavery. 逗号之间 插入语,The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the deplet
13、ion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. 逗号与逗号 插入语 1998年text3,The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC including ordinary listeners and viewers to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they though
14、t it was worth keeping. 破折号与破折号 插入语 1996年text2,In Australia where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. 破折号与破折号 插入语 1997年text1,Combine these higher th
15、ought processes with our hardwired danger-detection systems, and you get a near-universal human phenomenon: worry. 冒号 解释说明 前面是否看懂重要吗？,It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be
16、 in the same situation. 冒号，解释说明 1997年text2,In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). 1995年text5 括号 Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or o
17、n society as the major contributing influence. 2004年完型 括号 解释说明,对于关联词的理解,常见的关联词 表递进moreover, in addition, what is more，furthermore, also, then, besides, etc. 表转折however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately. whereas 表比较like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the
18、same manner, equally.,表原因for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to. 表结果as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence. 表总结on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in shor
19、t.,表示时间顺序的过渡词：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally等。 引出例子:for example, namely, for instance, as an example, that is,阅读理解中易出考点的关联词,转折处 表转折however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately. whereas,Ther
20、e is much less physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions. 看不见的but 考点在哪里？,Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. 看不见的but,It is a remarkable re
21、cord, stretching back over 70 years yet the BBCs future is now in doubt. 1996年 text2 看不见的but,Unlike most of the worlds volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earths surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plat
22、e. 分号，看不见的but 1998年text5,练习 回忆小词的重要性 请挑选出下段中的小词,Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additiona
23、l year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.,Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it
24、has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just t
25、he beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.,对于比较与时态的理解,常见比较：数字，程度 看不见比较的比较 时态(考研英语) 将来时，过去时,According to statistics , man are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Men arent seeing doctors as often as they should. 比较性质的句子,Thank You!,,