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1、新思维综合英语(3) 课程辅导Unit 11（5155）,巴州电大,Unit11 Learning objectives,Describe an embarrassing experience 描述令人尴尬的经历 Suggest an alternative 提供选择 Express uncertainty 表示不确定 Tell a joke/story 讲笑话/故事,Reading Skills,通过小标题掌握段落大意（2） 我们在第九单元说过，小标题能处理好整篇文章的主题与每个小议题的关系，能让文章结构清晰、条理分明、主题明确。第九单元采用了动词词组做小标题的方式来介绍每种缓解头痛的方法，
2、比如wash it away，“淋浴法”，freeze it out，“冰敷法”等。 本课采用提问的方式来引出每部分的内容，比如What is love, chemically speaking?实际上，回答了这一系列问题，也就等于找到了每个小部分的段落中心内容。将这些问题的答案汇总起来也就理解了Dr. Liebowitzs neurochemical theory of romance。,Lesson 51 What is This thing Called Love?,Main Idea and Structure 这篇文章从大脑分泌的化学物质角度谈论了爱情这种情感的产生，分为引言和正文两
3、部分。引言中介绍了文章的主题，介绍了文章采访对象的观点。正文通过问答的方式解答了读者的疑问，如：从化学角度来看什么是爱情？这种爱情的基础是什么？怎样持续这种情感？等等。,Focus Questions,1. What is Dr. Liebowitzs neurochemical theory of romance? 2. What is the basis for romantic attachment? 3. Why do people become tired of each other?4. Hows ones work then he or she is in love?,Langu
4、age Points in the Reading,第一部分：引言。“What is love?”开篇指出本文谈论的话题，接着给出本文采访对象Liebowitz博士的观点： He believes that falling in love is influenced by our brain chemistry. 他相信我们脑中的化学物质影响了爱情的产生。 to fall in love，“产生爱意”。 这是一个被动句，be influenced by sth.。 被动句的结构是：主语（动作承受者）+ 助动词be + 动词的过去分词 （+ by + 动作发出者），如：The leader wa
5、s supported by his people. 人们拥护他们的领袖。 （What is Dr. Liebowitzs neurochemical theory of romance? He believes that falling in love is influenced by our brain chemistry. This is his neurochemical theory of romance.）,第二部分：围绕“化学物质影响爱情”这个主题来展开问答。 问题一：Dont you find it upsetting to reduce an emotion like lov
6、e to a chemical equation? 你不认为将爱情这种情感降低为一种化学方程式有些扫兴吗？ 1. to find sth. + adj.，“觉得某事怎样”。it指代的是后面to do sth.，因为这个不定式太长，所以放在形容词后，这样形成一个习惯性用法：to find it + adj. + to do sth.。如： She found it difficult to meet the deadline. 她觉得要在规定日期前完成任务很困难。 The captain found it necessary to send an SOS signal. 船长察觉到必须发出求救信
7、号。 2. to reduce to ，“把降低（贬斥）为”。如：The emperor reduced the officer to a beggar. 皇帝把这个官员贬为乞丐。,。,3. chemical equation，“化学方程式”。 Im a big believer in romance. 我很相信浪漫。a big believer，用名词词组来表示“相信”动作，加重了“相信”的语气。to believe in sth.，“相信，信仰”。 The emotions we feel when were in love are so powerful that when theyre
8、 going on, nobodys going to stop to think about chemicals in the brain. 坠入爱河的情感是那么强烈，当时是绝对没有人会停下来考虑大脑里的化学成分的。 1. to be in love，“恋爱中”。to fall in love，“相爱” 2. so that ，“如此以至于”。so后面跟形容词或副词，that后面跟一个句子，说明由so+形容词（副词）带来的结果。如：The man was so brave that few dared to challenge him. 这个男人真勇敢啊，几乎无人敢向他挑战。,3. to s
9、top to do sth.，“停下来去做某事”，区别于to stop doing sth.，“停止做某事”。 如：He stopped writing and began to think about his future. 他停止了写信，开始想他的将来。 He stopped to think about his future. 他停下来，转而去想他的将来。 But that has nothing to do with my enjoyment of a good meal. 但那并不影响我尽情地享受任何一顿美餐。 to has nothing to do with sth.，“与无关”
10、（注意区别：to have something to do with sth 与有关）。 enjoyment of sth.，“享用”。,问题二：What is love, chemically speaking? 从化学角度来谈，爱是什么？I try to distinguish between romantic attraction and romantic attachment because I think theyre chemically distinct. 我尽量将浪漫的相互吸引和浪漫的相互爱恋区分开来，因为我认为，二者之间从化学角度来说是不同的。 1. chemically s
11、peaking，“从化学角度来谈”，类似的表达：generally speaking，“通常来说”；honestly speaking，“说实话”，等。 2. to distinguish between A and B，“区别A和B”。学习另外一个同义词组，to distinguish A from B。,问题三：What, then, is the basis for romantic attachment? What keeps us together? 浪漫式相互吸引的基础是什么？是什么让两个人形影不离？ I believe that were programmed at birth
12、to produce endorphins when were in close relationships. 我认为，我们的肌体在出生的时候就有这种功能，即当发生任何亲密关系就会产生内啡肽。 1. at birth，“出生时”。如：At birth, the baby weighed 4 kilos. 出生时这个婴儿重四公斤。 2. to be in close relationship，“保持亲密的关系”。如：Some people, usually rather lonely and unhappy ones, find it very difficult to be in close
13、relationship with others. 有些孤独和抑郁的人觉得很难与别人保持亲密的关系。 3. to keep sb./sth. + adj.，“使某人/某事物保持怎样的状态”，如：to keep the meat fresh，“保持肉的新鲜度”, to keep the water cool, “保持水的清凉度”。 （What is the basis for romantic attachment? Chemically speaking, the basis for romantic attachment is something called endorphin produ
14、ced in the locus ceruleus, where feelings of panic and separation anxiety seem to begin.）,问题四：Why do people grow tired of each other? 为什么两个人会逐渐相互厌倦？ grow是一个半系动词，“逐渐变得”。to be tire of sb./sth.，“厌倦某人/某物”。 Whats intense in a relationship is the newness. 恋爱关系中最强烈的是新鲜感。这句话的主语是一个特殊疑问句，类似的表达还有：Whether the m
15、arket share will expand or shrink is still a mystery. 市场份额会扩大还是缩小，这还是个谜。 Romeo and Juliet, for example, never had a chance to get used to each other. 比如说，罗密欧和朱丽叶永远不可能有机会去彼此熟悉。 1. for example，“举例来说”，可以放在句首或句中。上面这句话也可以说成：For example, Romeo and Juliet never had a chance to get used to each other.,2. to
16、 have a chance to do sth.，“有机会做某事”。chance还可以表示“几率，可能性”，往往指好的事情实现的可能性。如：Is there any chance of you having a holiday this year? 你今年有没有放假的可能？ (Why do people become tired of each other? Because whats intense in a relationship is the newness and when two stay together, the newness gradually disappear and
17、 they become tired of each other.),问题五：Why does being in love make everything in life seem wonderful? 为什么恋爱让生活中方方面面看起来那么美好？ 1. being in love在这里是动名词词组用来做主语，这里用来说明一种普遍现象。如：Controlling your emotion works for your public relationship. 控制情绪有助于公共人际关系。 2. seem是一个半系动词，后面接形容词，表示“看起来怎样”。 When were in love, it
18、 takes less stimulation to give us pleasure. 在我们坠入爱河的时候，我们更容易产生快乐感。,It takes sth. to do sth.，这里it是形式主语，代替真正的主语to give us pleasure，这句话相当于：To give us pleasure takes less stimulation. 如果是不定式或一个句子做主语，主语太长的时候，往往习惯在前面用一个形式主语it来代替真实主语，再把真实主语放在后面。如：It seems possible that one spends tens of hours traveling a
19、round the world. 花数十小时的时间作环球旅行，这是有可能的。 问题六：Do people work better when theyre in love, or are they too distracted? 热恋中的人工作效率更高还是更容易分散精力？ When peoples emotional needs are being met, they work better. 人的情感需求得到满足后，工作效率更佳。前半句话是一个现在进行时的被动语态，结构是：助动词be (is/am/are) + being done。如：The new life community is be
20、ing established. 新的生活区正在形成。 (Hows ones work then he or she is in love? Love gives him more energy, more enthusiasm, so he works better.),问题七：How do you keep love alive? How do you keep the PEA flowing in your own ten-and-a-half-year marriage? 如何使爱情保持活力？如何在您是年半的婚姻生活里保持苯乙胺经久不衰？ ten-and-a-half-year形成一个
21、复合形容词，“十年半的”，注意量词用单数，数词与数词、量词之间用连字符。比如the ten-thousand-li Great Wall，“万里长城”。 Were buying a new home, an old farmhouse with some land. 我们准备把一处带着土地的旧农场买下来作为我们的新家。这里用现在进行时表示将来，表示在不久的将来，“很快”将做某事。an old farmhouse with some land 对new home进行解释。 The brain has to experience a change, or there will be no exci
22、tement. 大脑必须经历一些变化，否则就不会有任何兴奋激动的时刻。has to，“不得不”。or，“或者，否则”，这里是“否则”的意思，起转折的作用。,Answers to the Focus Questions,1. What is Dr. Liebowitzs neurochemical theory of romance? He believes that falling in love is influenced by our brain chemistry. This is his neurochemical theory of romance. 2. What is the b
23、asis for romantic attachment? Chemically speaking, the basis for romantic attachment is something called endorphin produced in the locus ceruleus, where feelings of panic and separation anxiety seem to begin. 3. Why do people become tired of each other? Because whats intense in a relationship is the
24、 newness and when two stay together, the newness gradually disappear and they become tired of each other. 4. Hows ones work then he or she is in love? Love gives him more energy, more enthusiasm, so he works better.,Lesson 52 What a disaster!,Focus Questions 1. What are Miki and Melinda talking abou
25、t? 2. What happened to Melinda when she met Ray? 3. Did Melinda like the movie?,Language Points in the Dialogue 1. 连接词用于描述自己的经历 because, because of，用来解释原因，前者接句子，后者接名词或名词短语。看课文中的句子： Melinda was embarrassed because her dress had mud on it. Melinda很尴尬，因为她裙子弄脏了。 I was so embarrassed because of the way I
26、 looked. 看我那个（失态的）样子，真让我尴尬。（我尴尬是因为我很失态） 再学习一个与上面用法类似的词组。 in case, in case of，用来提出条件，“假如，万一”。前者接句子，后者接名词或名词短语。如： Dial 911 in case theres an emergency. 万一有急事，打911。 Dial 911 in case of an emergency. instead of，用来提出替代性的建议或陈述。看课文中的句子： Instead of watching where I was going, I was busy daydreaming. 我在发呆而没有
27、注意脚下的路。 to be busy doing sth.，“忙于做某事”。,2. “跟我说说你的故事。 ”So what happened on ? “进展如何？”如：So what happened on your date with Ray? Tell me about it. 跟我说说这件事。 How did that happen? 怎么会这样呢？ Anyway, you havent told me 但你还没告诉我 3. 其他习惯表达。 Sorry Im a little late. No problem. no problem用来回应别人的请求或道歉，“没问题，没关系”。 I d
28、idnt mean to . 说“我不是有意”，常用这个结构。如：I didnt mean to laugh. 我不是有意笑你。 Dont take it so hard. 别太难过了，别想那么多了。 We did see a pretty good movie. 这里did助词起到强调作用，“的确，确实”，因为是一般过去时，所以用did，如果是一般现在时用do。如：I do have a problem.我的确有个问题。,Answers to the Focus questions,1. What are Miki and Melinda talking about? They are ta
29、lking about Melindas date with the man she loves. 2. What happened to Melinda when she met Ray? She tripped on a crack in the sidewalk and fell in a puddle of water. 3. Did Melinda like the movie? Yes, she did. It can be known from her words, “We did see a pretty good movie.”,Lesson 55 On your own,W
30、riting Skills 在这个单元中，我们来学习记叙文的写法。记叙文，也就是讲故事，需要有几个要素，即时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。交代好了这些要素，一篇较为完整的记叙文就产生了。记叙文写作时，一般需要注意安排好 who, what, where, when, why 和how 等问题。比如我们在55课看见的这幅图，课文要求你根据这幅图来展开一个故事。可以把故事发生的背景定在晚会上，on the evening party, 主人公是参加晚会的两对夫妇, two couples。仔细观察图片，我们发现两对夫妇穿着一模一样的西服(suit)和礼裙(dress)，由此产生的故事，你
31、可以去想象一下。为什么会发生“撞衫”的情况？是巧合还是有意安排的？你可以试一试用你自己的想象力来完成一篇趣味性的记叙文。,Learning Objectives Describe an embarrassing experience 描述令人尴尬的经历 Suggest an alternative 提供选择 Express uncertainty 表示不确定 Tell a joke/story 讲笑话/故事,Phrases and Expressions,assistant professor 助理教授高于讲师，低于副教授 (associate professor) to fall/be in
32、 love 陷入爱河/谈恋爱 an interview with sb. 采访某人 a big believer in sth. 非常相信某事 so that 如此以至于 to stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 to think about sth. 思考某事 to have nothing to do with 与无关 to distinguish between A and B 把A和B区分开来at birth 出生时 to be in close relationship 关系密切 for example 比如 to have a chance to do sth. 有机会做某事 to get used to sb./sth. 习惯某人/某事 to meet ones need 满足某人需求 a date with sb. 与某人约会 instead of 而不是 to be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事 to hear from sb. 受到某人来信,