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1、新思维综合英语(3) 课程辅导Unit 5（2125）,巴州电大,Unit 5 Learning objectives,How to react to an event or a story 对事件或故事作出 How to tell a story 讲故事 How to write a report 写新闻报道,英语新闻的结构特征 “硬新闻”,“软新闻”,新闻的种类很多，按分类标准的不同，有各种不同的分类方法。如按照事件的性质分类，新闻可分为“硬新闻”（hard news）和“软新闻”（soft news）两大类，硬新闻即“纯新闻消息报道”，指题材严肃、具有一定时效性的客观事实报道；软新闻是情
2、感味浓、写作方法诙谐、轻松幽默的社会新闻，不注重时效性。,新闻英语中常见的体裁主要有三大类：,消息（news）、特写（features）和新闻评论（commentaries and columns）。新闻写作由于记者写作风格不同，文体结构无定格。但大体上说新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、正文三部分组成。新闻写作由于记者写作风格不同，文体结构无定格。但大体上说新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、正文三部分组成。 标题（headline）：浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题。导语（lead or introduction）：通常为文章的第一段。文章的第一段提供主要话题和最主要的事实。正文（body）：在导
3、语的基础上，引入更多的与主题相关的事实，使之更加详实、具体，并展开评论，进而得出结论。,特写是报纸上一种重要的报道体裁。相对于一般新闻报道而言，具有形式多样、题材不限、篇幅随意等特点。 通常是摄取生活中最富有特征和表现力的事件，通过多种表现手法进行生动的刻画，使之具有强烈的视觉和感染效果，产生立体感，从而更集中、突出地表现新闻事实和主题。 特写是一种带有创作性的，有时也带有主观性的文章，旨在给读者以精神享受，并使他们对某件事、某种情况或对生活中的某个侧面有所了解。特写从内容到表现方式都应该充满趣味性，让读者觉得有趣，从中得到消遣. 特写的报道题材十分广泛，无论是硬新闻或软新闻，都可以用特写体裁
4、加以报道。按照报道题材划分，可分为人物特写、事件特写、风光特写和亲身经历特写等十余种具体的类别。,人物特写则是以特定人物为报道对象，利用相当丰富、细致的材料反映以个人的思想、精神、情感、言行、事迹，并以此来感动、感染、激励或者教育读者的一种通讯。 这个“人物”可以是出类拔萃的，也可以是默默无闻的，但他们在一篇成功的特写里应该同样散发着独一无二的个人魅力。 人物特写被比作是简短生动的自传，但是局限于版面要求，人物特写只能是一篇文章的长度。人物特写要抓住当前人物性格中的精髓以及人们对其感兴趣的地方，对人物的所作所为进行客观的报道，从而让读者自己从中悟出人物的与众不同之处。（如这个单元和下一单元的特
5、写） 一篇优秀的人物特写需要精心组织和酝酿，深入观察和思考，特别的表达方式或视角以及丰富的情感。一个细节的描写，一个抒情的开头或结尾，一个新颖的角度都会使人物充满感动人、温暖人、激励人的独特魅力。,Lesson 21 Hanging Tough 艰难的攀登,课文主题和结构 这是一篇人物特写，主要描写了两位普通而不平凡的登山运动员不畏艰险克服身体残疾征服高峰，并相互扶持相互鼓励的感人故事。 课文可分两大部分： 第一大部分（14自然段）：导言部分。引入两位主人公，介绍两人关系和各自情况，给大家一个兴趣点：为何两人友谊如此深厚？ 第二大部分（513自然段）：正文部分。分为四小部分。 部分一（4，5，
6、6自然段）：两分在攀登HALF DOME峭壁的过程。 部分二（7，8自然段）：两人平时在登山时的分工。 部分三（9，10，11自然段）：两人开始计划登山的情景。 部分四（12，13自然段）：两人各自的感悟。,Focus Questions,1Was anyone waiting for them when they reached the top of Half Dome? Who? 2What happened to Mark Wellman when he was 22 years old? 3How long did it take Wellman and Corbett to clim
7、b Half Dome? 4How did Mark Wellman and Mike Corbett become friends? 5Why did Mark Wellman climb Half Dome?,Language points in the text,首先，要有一个能够触动读者心弦的导语。第一部分是决定读者是否愿意继续了解人物的关键，对于介绍平凡人物的特写，开头更是重中之重。开头要用很简短却有力的语言把所要介绍的人物最大的特点、最突出的贡献准确地概括出来。 段1：They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust
8、each other with their lives. 他们是那种亲密无间的朋友，能够互相以生命相依托。这个开场白仅一句话就让读者产生了继续阅读的兴趣，希望知道为什么两人友谊如此深厚。 1表示程度的 sothat 结构，省略了 that 这个词。原文相当于They are the sort of friends who are so close that they trust each other with their lives. 2trust each other：“互相信任”。e.g. Jane said she and John couldnt trust each other an
9、y more.,接下来，作者对“他们”这对亲密的生死至交进行了进一步解释。 段2：If one falls, the other is there to catch him. If one needs a lift over some obstacle that seems impossible to get beyond, the other wont leave until the obstacle is conquered. 如果一个人失足落下山崖，另外一位一定会在那里将他抓住救起；如果一个人遇到了似乎是不可逾越的障碍，另外一位不克服障碍决不抛弃朋友不管。 1If one falls.相
10、当于If one of them needs help to pass a very difficult part of the climb, the other one wont go on until they have both succeeded. 注意二者中的“另一个”要用 the other, 而不能用 another. 2注意这段话中两个介词over 和beyond。都是修饰obstacle。等读者继续往下看，就知道这两句If从句具体所指了。,段3：介绍了两人的身份。 They are Mark Wellman, 31, the Yosemite National Park ra
11、nger whose paralyzed legs dont keep him from rock climbing, and Mike Corbett, 37, a medical clinic janitor and the most experienced rock climber in Yosemite. 他们是 Mark Wellman 和 Mike Corbett。Mark Wellman，31岁，Yosemite 国家公园守林人，瘫痪的双腿并没有阻止他继续参加攀岩活动；Mike Corbett，37岁，一家医疗所的门警，是 Yosemite 最富有经验的攀岩健将。 1注意，我们要
12、学习在一个句子中含概众多信息。这个句子主要结构是They are+姓名，年龄，职业（定语从句）and姓名，年龄，职业 and 身份。这样可以避免信息零散拖沓。 2whose paralyzed legs dont keep him from rock climbing keep sb. from（doing）sth.=preventfrom：“阻止某人做某事”。例如：All the difficulties and hardships didnt keep them from carrying on with their project in the enemy-occupied villag
13、e. 所有这些艰难困苦都没有能够阻止他们在敌人占领的村庄里继续进行他们的项目。,段4：对说明两分攀登HALF DOME峭壁事件。 Their friendship served each of them well over the two brutal weeks they struggled up Half Dome, climbing hand over hand up the famous Yosemite 2,000-foot rock formation.是同甘苦共患难的深厚友谊使他们在艰苦的两个星期里战胜了 Half Dome 这座峭壁，一点一点地最终爬上了 Yosemite 有名
14、的高达2000英尺的石崖。 1Over=during。 2注意该句sth. serve sb. do sth./ prep短语。 3hand over hand：一点一点。Hand by hand：手拉手。Face to face：面对面。 4另外，注意：so （that）句型。 When the pair reached the top, they were met by Wellmans girlfriend and an admiring crowd of news reporters.当他们到达顶峰时迎接他们的有 Wellman 的女友和一群充满赞赏之情的新闻记者an admiring
15、 crowd：“充满崇拜羡慕之情的人群”。英语中这种用法有很多，往往为了增强语言的感染力。eg. appreciating faces, worrying look on his face, etc.,段5：讲述了身体残疾的一方救了自己朋友一命的经历。通常以为是身体健全的人更容易攀爬，但这里一个令人意外的细节描写，让读者意识到残疾人不但可以登山，与健全人在一起登山，还能给予救助。 Using skill and strength, Corbett led the way up one of the most difficult routes on Half Dome. 在爬上Half Dome
16、最艰难的一条路线时，Corbett 运用技术和力量走在前面。lead the way：带路。 And Wellman was there for his able-bodied friend early in the climb when pieces of rock gave way, 700 feet above the group, and Corbett plunged downward. Wellman 在那里为他强健的朋友早早地做好准备。突然，在离开地面人群700英尺的地方，石块塌落了， Corbett摔了下去。意思是 Wellman was the one who saved h
17、is able-bodied friend when pieces of rock started to fall. 1able-bodied =strong and active in body：“身体强健的”。 2give way 倒塌；松垮。e.g.The bridge was not very strong, and when a very heavy truck tried to cross, the bridge gave way and everything fell into the river. 3Plunge：“落下；猛跌”, 这里用来强调Corbett重重掉下来时的情景，
18、描写得非常具体。例如：She slipped and plunged into the river.,4Wellman locked their rope in place, stopping the fall at 20 feet. Wellmen 固定住了绳索，使他的朋友在20英尺处停止了坠落。 stopping 这个分词短语用作前边动作的结果状语。in place：处于适当位置，归位。Out of place：处于非适当位置。 段6：通过对报道主人公采访使读者更理解两人彼此之间亲密友爱之情。注意：一些受访人的精彩引语会从各个层面或角度印证特写人物的典型形象和突出贡献。“Your part
19、ner can save your lifeyou can save your partners life,” Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends. “There are real close bonds.” “你的伙伴可以挽救你的性命，你也可以挽救伙伴的性命。” 两人在接受朋友们的祝贺时，Wellman 讲道，“我们之间亲密无间。”There are real close bonds. （朋友之间）存在着真正的密切关系。,段7和段8分别说明两人在平时攀岩时的分工，其中段7描述Corbett在攀登时的具体
20、工作。注意：这段落中关于人物攀岩的具体细节令人难忘（细节是让人物在新闻中鲜活起来的生命力）。 On their climbs, Corbett must take the lead and, in effect, climb the rock twice. 相当于 When they are climbing together, Corbett has to climb first, and this really means that he has to climb the rock twice. 在攀岩时，Corbett 必须带头，事实上，他必须来回攀两次。 1take the lead：
21、带头；领先。如：For the first half of the race, it was Roger Bannister who took the lead. 2in effect 事实上；基本上。e.g. The taxes were very high and, in effect, made it impossible for the business to make a profit. 3Corbett backtracks to remove the spikes. 意思是 Corbett has to go back to where he came from to remov
22、e the spikes from the rocks.还得返回去取下铁钉重新再爬上来。 On Half Dome this process was repeated, time and again, inch by inch, for 13 years在Half Dome 悬崖上，这一过程一寸一寸地，一而再、再而三地重复了十三天。,4time and again= again and again, repeatedly, 一再；屡屡。 同义的短语还有 time after time, time and time again 等。 e.g. Thousands of people have p
23、roved it time and time again. 注意：这段里的many times，twice，inch by inch，for 13 days等等关于Corbett来回上下带着Wellman反复的攀登的详尽描述，让人们对他的艰辛感到震惊。因为普通的攀岩者的工作量本已经很大，而主人公还要带着一个残疾同伴一起攀登。 段8：另一主人公残疾的Wellman工作也不清闲。从这里的5000次，6英寸，以及他仅仅用上半身来攀登等细节，同样给读者深刻印象。 As evidenced by his arm and chest muscles, Wellmans job is not easy ei
24、ther. = Wellmans job is not easy either. His powerful arm and chest muscles can prove this. 从 Wellman 胳膊和胸膛上健壮的肌肉可以看出，他的工作也并非易事。,Wellman gets himself up the rope through upper body strength alone. 他只能依靠自己上半身的力量来攀上绳索 In all, Wellman figures that on the climb up Half Dome he did 5,000 pullups up the r
25、ope, each time gaining no more than six inches. 这句话意思是 Wellman estimates that he pulled himself up using only his arms 5000 times while they climbed Half Dome. Each pullup meant that he had climbed only about six inches higher. Wellman估计，爬到Half Dome顶上时，自己一共顺着绳子向上拉了5,000次，每次最多不超过6英寸的高度。 in all：“总共；共计
26、”。e.g.There were fifty-six people in all.,段9段11讲述了两人当时计划攀岩的过程：Wellman攀岩致残后两人初次见面的情景，Corbett用其他残疾人的事迹鼓励Wellman继续攀岩，两人着手攀登了El Capitan悬崖和Half Dome峭壁。 That same night they made plans, and the next morning, ropes in hand, they met to begin training. 就是在那天晚上，他们制定了计划，第二天早晨他们就手拿绳索集合在一起开始了训练。 Within six mont
27、hs, he had climbed E1 Capitan, the rock formation that dominates the right side of Yosemite Valley. 不到六个月的时间，他们就爬上了 Yosemite 山谷右边最高的名为 El Capitan 的悬崖。 Dominate：“高于；俯瞰”。Within six months：英语中，“半年”一般多用 six months，也可以说 half a year, 但“一年半”可以说 a year and a half.,And now they have climbed Half Dome, up a r
28、oute so dangerous because of its crumbly granite that fewer than 30 people have climbed it.现在他们又征服了Half Dome 这座峭壁，而且是沿着一条危险的松软的花岗岩表面攀上去的，那里只有不到30个人曾经攀上去过。注意：so that结构中that后不是定语从句，另外，该结构做后置定语修饰route。 段12和段13分别是两人的感言。注意作者运用了直接引语和间接引语。直接引语可令人信服。间接引语可凝练概括被采访人的话，可起点睛之笔的作用。 间接引语：Wellman said he is not try
29、ing to send any message to disabled people by climbing. Wellman 说，自己攀岩并不是为了给残疾人一种什么启示。,直接引语：“Everyone has their own goals,” Wellman said. “I dont climb rocks to say that this is what a disabled person can do.” “每个人都有自己的目标，”Wellman 说，“我攀岩并不是说残疾人应该这么做。” 间接引语 + 直接引语：He simply hopes people will see that
30、 he climbed before his accident and is still climbing after it“No big deal.”他只是希望人们能够明白，他出事前是攀岩的，出事以后他还在继续从事攀岩活动。“这算不了什么。 ”No big deal. =Its no extraordinary thing. 没有什么了不起的。 big deal, 口语中常用来表示“某事并没有说的或想象的那么重要、有趣、了不起等”，有时也用no big deal来表示同样的含义。例如： -I walked sixteen miles yesterday. -Big deal.,段13：Cor
31、bett感言。 间接引语：Corbett wants to bring attention to climbing, his first love, and hopes someone somewhere will find inspiration. Corbett 希望人们能够关注攀岩这项他最喜欢的体育活动，能够从中得到鼓励。 直接引语：“I encourage other able-bodied people to stop and make a friend,” Corbett said. “Never underestimate a person with a disability.
32、They can blow your mind.” “我鼓励那些身体健康的人们能够停下来，做个朋友，” Corbett 说，“永远不要低估一个残疾人，他会令你惊诧不已。” 1Never underestimate a person with a disability.= Never think that a handicapped person cannot do something. They can blow your mind. =(Sometimes）they can completely amaze you by doing things you might think imposs
33、ible. To blow ones mind, 是英语中的一种非正式用法，指一些不同寻常的事情对某人有启发、有启迪，使人震惊。例如: This book is full of astonishing ideas. It can blow your mind.,我们可以总结一下该报道中的各项基本信息：,Who: Wellman, Corbett. Where: Half Dome. When: No definite time. What: Climbing mountain Why: to prove oneself; to encourage others. How: an able ma
34、n and a disable man helping each other.,Answers to the Focus Questions,1Who was anyone waiting for them when they reached the top of Half Dome? Wellmans girlfriend and an admiring crowd of news reporters. 2What happened to Mark Wellman when he was 22 years old? He slipped while climbing and fell 50
35、feet. That fall paralyzed his legs. 3How long did it take Wellman and Corbett to climb Half Dome? It took 13 days. 4How did Mark Wellman and Mike Corbett become friends? Through their mutual interest in mountain climbing. 5Why did Mark Wellman climb Half Dome? Because he hopes people will see that h
36、e climbed before his accident and is still climbing.,Lesson 22 Did I Ever Tell You? Anne Christopher is telling her friends Maria Diaz and Steven Wong about a frightening experience she once had. Steven has heard her story before. Lesson 22 Did I Ever Tell You? Anne Christopher is telling her friend
37、s Maria Diaz and Steven Wong about a frightening experience she once had. Steven has heard her story before.,Focus Questions,1. Why did they go into the cave? 2. What was the weather like when they went into the cave? 3. Why did Tom scream in the cave? 4. Why did they wait in the cave for hours befo
38、re they came out?,学习本课，需要注意如何征求或提供建议、如何谈论习惯、如何谈论社会习俗等语言功能，还要注意 must, be supposed to do sth, have to, 以及动名词的用法。 1How horrible. 这句话用来对Anne所说的话表示同情，相当于 That must have been horrible. 2Tom Riley and I 当第一人称和第二人称或第三人称一起主语时，习惯上将第一人称置于第二人称或第三人称后。 3The rain just came nowhere once wed been in the cave for an
39、hour or so. came out of nowhere, 意即 appeared for no apparent reason or from no apparent source, 表示某事突如其来地或莫名其妙地发生了。例如：I just cant understand Jenny. It seemed that her anger came out of nowhere.or so, 常常用在数词之后表示“大约”的概念，可以译为“左右”,数词前面就不再用表示“大约”概念的about一词。例如：We waited at the gate for thirty minutes or s
40、o.,Language points in the dialogue,4I wasnt exactly thrilled. 这句话略带有一些幽默的味道。说话人为了描述自己被困洞穴中时的艰难处境而故意用了这种说法，意思是 I wasnt thrilled at all， 即“我根本没发抖。” 5 a close call.差点就要命了。 6Looking back on it, it seems exciting. looking back on it = thinking about it, 回想起来。,Answers to the Focus Questions,1. Why did the
41、y go into the cave? To explore. 2. What was the weather like when they went into the cave? It wasnt raining. 3. Why did Tom scream in the cave? A bat swooped down in his face. 4. Why did they wait in the cave for hours before they came out? They waited there for hours for the water level to go down.
42、,Lesson 10 On your own,新闻报道、新闻故事的写作技巧 首先，要有一个能够触动读者心弦的导语。第一段是决定读者是否愿意继续了解人物的关键，对于介绍平凡人物的特写，开头更是重中之重。开头要用很简短却有力的语言把所要介绍的人物最大的特点、最突出的贡献准确地概括出来。 第二，通过细节描写和细腻的心理刻画，充分表现和挖掘人物的性格和精神面貌。读者对一篇人物通讯报道的事迹、概貌、数据往往会看后遗忘，但动人的细节却常常令人难忘，所以细节是让人物在新闻中鲜活起来的生命力。 第三，通过对诸多相关人物的采访使主人公形象趋于丰满。一些受访人的精彩引语会从各个层面或角度印证特写人物的典型形象和突
43、出贡献。,Lesson 10 On your own,新闻报道、新闻故事的写作技巧 首先，要有一个能够触动读者心弦的导语。第一段是决定读者是否愿意继续了解人物的关键，对于介绍平凡人物的特写，开头更是重中之重。开头要用很简短却有力的语言把所要介绍的人物最大的特点、最突出的贡献准确地概括出来。 第二，通过细节描写和细腻的心理刻画，充分表现和挖掘人物的性格和精神面貌。读者对一篇人物通讯报道的事迹、概貌、数据往往会看后遗忘，但动人的细节却常常令人难忘，所以细节是让人物在新闻中鲜活起来的生命力。 第三，通过对诸多相关人物的采访使主人公形象趋于丰满。一些受访人的精彩引语会从各个层面或角度印证特写人物的典型
44、形象和突出贡献。 第四，作者本人的分析或是抒情感慨会起到画龙点睛的作用。这样的结尾，在信息上做了重要的补充，在情感上充满了钦佩和惋惜，同时它又给人以希望。淋漓尽致的抒情也可让人读后感动不已，陷入久久的沉思，这就是作者深刻思想、细腻情感的力量。,与消息写作不同，人物特写在表达情感方面，显然有着更大的发挥余地。 如果说在英语的纯消息中我们看到的更多的是新闻的客观性和意见表达的均衡，难免流于程式，那么在优秀的特写中我们更多地读到情感的真实流露，不仅能够看到清晰的枝干，而且可以欣赏到有血有肉的细节。英文人物特写非常注重人物的真实情感，更多地从各个角度和细节来呼应人物的精神和丰富的内心世界。,Wrap-
45、up tips How to react to an event or a story 对事件或故事做出反应 How to tell a story 讲故事 How to write a report 写新闻报道,短语或词组,trust each other：互相信任 keep sb. from (doing) sth.：阻止某人做某事 hand over hand：一点一点 an admiring crowd：充满崇拜羡慕之情的人群 lead the way：带路 give way：倒塌；松垮 in place：处于适当位置，归位 take the lead：带头；领先 in effect：事实上；基本上 time and again：一再；屡屡 in all：总共；共计 No big deal：这算不了什么。没有什么了不起的 blow ones mind：对某人有启发、有启迪，使人震惊 go cave exploring：洞穴探险 a close call：差点就没命了 look back on sth：回顾某事,