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1、Unit Eleven,Telegrams and Telexes,I. Introduction,Telegrams and telexes can send messages and data directly between two parties, and make transaction in international business efficient and convenient. Since time element means a great deal to the buyers and sellers. Telegrams and telexes are used to
2、 transmit urgent messages of all kinds. Nowadays, with the development of communication, telegrams are rarely used, but the language used is still having effects on business documents.,1. Telegrams,Once, transactions in international business are discussed in detail through airmails. When telegram w
3、as introduced, it quickly took over the job of airmails. Actually, telegrams are letters in a highly compressed form, so the abbreviations and the compounding are used to serve the purpose. Here is a brief introduction of telegrams.,1.1Characteristics of Telegrams,(1) Combinations, abbreviations and
4、 transformations are often used to reduce words in message of telegrams. Combinations: ASSOONAS: as soon as BANKRATE: bank rate Abbreviations A/C account ACPT accept S/C sales confirmation TKS thanks Transformations HURRY UPRUSH, EXPEDITE AS SOON ASSOONEST,1.1Characteristics of Telegrams,(2) No punc
5、tuation marks or symbols are used in the message of telegrams, we usually use natural words to replace or explain them. For example: , COMMA ABC ABC UNDERLINED . STOP & AND,1.1Characteristics of Telegrams,(3) Some words, such as the first personal pronouns, the verb “be”, the particle “to”, the arti
6、cles “a”, “an”, “the”, some auxiliary verbs and most prepositions are often omitted. (4) Present participles and past participles are used to show the future tense and the finished actions respectively. For example: a. SSEASTWIND SAILING DIRECT YOURPORT MIDAUGUST (= The steamship “East wind” will sa
7、il directly to your port in mid August.) b. SHIPPING SPACE BOOKED (= We have booked the shipping space.),1.2 Kinds of Telegrams,“Plain language telegrams” and “code language telegrams” are the two main kinds of the commercial telegrams. The code language telegrams are written in commercial codes, su
8、ch as Acme and Bentley, and now they are only used by a few traders who are accustomed to use it.,1.2 Kinds of Telegrams,The plain language telegrams may be classified into three types: ordinary, urgent, and letter telegrams. However, since January 1, 1980, letter telegrams have not been accepted in
9、 most countries and areas. So, only the ordinary and urgent telegrams are widely used in the world. An ordinary telegram can be sent to the receiver within 3-4 hours, while an urgent telegram can reach the destination even quicker with an even more expensive charge.,1.3 Charge of Telegrams,Telegrams
10、 are charged by the number of words transmitted, the class of telegrams sent, and the localities destined for. Natural words (e.g.: meeting, conference, invoice), abbreviations (e.g.: ABV, INFO, EXCHR) and compoundings (e.g.: BESTOFFER, CABLEREPLY TWODOZENOF ) are all “words” in telegrams, every ten
11、 letters can be counted as a “word”. If the number of letters in a word is more than 10, but less than 20, it must be counted as two “words” in the telegrams, for example, “SEWINGMACHINES” can be counted as two words.,1.4 Structure of a Telegram,The English telegrams mainly consist of three parts: (
12、1) Receivers name and address a. MAGGIE JONES110 EAST 25TH STREET NEWYORK, NY, USA. b. KENS CHEESE HOUSE 34 CHATLEY AVENUE SEATTLE, WA98765 (The telegram is sent to an organization, so the telegraphic address or the name of the organization should be used.) c. (URGENT) KENS CHEESE HOUSE 34 CHATLEY A
13、VENUE SEATTLE, WA98765 (If it is an urgent telegram, the word “URGENT” should be placed before the telegraphic address.),1.4 Structure of a Telegram,(2) Body of the telegram CHEESE PRICE ACCEPTABLE WILLORDER PROVIDED SHIPMENT ENDOFMAY PLSREPLY BYCABLE (3) Senders name or telegraphic address GARMEX C
14、N (上海服装进出口公司，GARMEX is the receivers telegraphic address; CN is the name of the country where receiver resides),2. Telexes,Telex is the short form of “Teletypewriter” and “Exchange”, compared with telegram, which is more effective and economical. The telex equipment is installed in the subscribers o
15、ffice. Through teleprinter set, messages can be sent to or received from foreign countries. Due to the quick and convenient service, telex has been widely used in the international business in recent years.,2.1 Characteristics of Telexes,(1) Telex can make the calling and the called parties practica
16、lly “talk on paper”. Moreover, since the telex equipment works automatically, it can receive messages with the machine left unattended, and the messages received at night may be first dealt with the next morning. (2) Abbreviation, ellipsis and transformation are used to simplify words and phrases in
17、 the message of telexes, but combinations are generally not used, each word is separated by a space.,2.1 Characteristics of Telexes,(3) In the message of telexes, either punctuation marks (except ; ) or symbols (except $, %, , ) or words COMMA, STOP, ETC. can be used, but using punctuation marks is
18、more common. (4) In the message of telexes, several matters can be stated either one after another preceded by AAA (or 111 or A, or 1), BBB (or 222 or B, or 2) etc., or passage without any preceding signals.,2.2 Kinds of Telexes,Telexes can be divided into two kinds, one is written in natural words
19、as a short letter, and the other is rather brief somewhat like a telegram in simplified words.,2.3 Charge of Telexes,Telex is charged by the time engaged in transmission. The minimum charge for a telex is fixed on the basis of one minute. About 400 letters can be transmitted every minute.,2.4 Struct
20、ure of a Telex,The structure of a telex is different from that of a telegram; it generally includes the following parts. Telex No. _ Urgent or Top Urgent _ Date _ (To) Receivers Company and Country _ (From) Senders Company and Country _ Our Ref. No. _ Attention Line (ATIN) _ Subject of the Telex (RE
21、 or SUB) _ Body of the Telex _ The Complimentary Clause _ The Closing Clauses _ Name, Title & Telex No. _ Time _,II. Procedure of Drafting a Telegram,When drafting telegrams, we have to bear in mind the three Cs, i.e. clearness, conciseness and courtesy. Never use two words if one word will do. A te
22、legram should always be concise. Of course, we should never omit a word at the expense of clearness. Clearness should always be put in the first place. When necessary, the word “please” may be added. Always be polite, a telegram must not sound like an order or a command. This would offend your custo
23、mers. Therefore, special care must be taken to see that the words used are correct and will not cause any misunderstanding to the recipient. The procedure recommended for beginners to follow in drafting telegrams consists of four steps as outlined below:,II. Procedure of Drafting a Telegram,1.Make a
24、 concise draft of what you want to say in a telegram.In order to save expenses, we should reduce the number of words in a telegram to the minimum necessary for transmitting the most essential part of the message, leaving the less urgent particulars, explanations, etc. to a supplementary letter, if n
25、ecessary. 2.Adjust the wording of your message and cross out the words that the addressee can easily supply from the context.,II. Procedure of Drafting a Telegram,3.Substitute as far as you can short words, compounds and abbreviations for longer words and phrases. 4.Combine the words, abbreviations,
26、 etc. in your final draft into groups consisting of not more than 10 letters or 10 characters comprising letters, figures and signs.,III. Specimens of Telegrams,Inquiry INTERESTED 2000MTEACH REDBEANS GREENBEANS 19 CROP INBULKAND GUNNYBAGS STATING INDETAIL DESCRIPTN ORIGIN Offer SEWMACHINE BUTTERFLY
27、NOSUPPLY OFFERING INSTEAD 200SETS STANDARDBRAND USD20CIF SINGAPORE JUNESHIPMT CABLE REPLY No Goods Available YLJULY5 NORTHCHINA SHEEPSKINS UNAVAILABLE REVERTING Counter Offer YLJULY16 PRICEHIGH PLSREDUCE BYTWOPCT,III. Specimens of Telegrams,Confirmation YC16AUG WWRITGPAPER 10MT OCTSHIPMT CONFIRMED P
28、LSRUSHL/C Pressing for L/C ORDER589 GOODSREADY PLSRUSHLC Asking for L/C Amendment LC1859 PLSAMEND ALLOWING TRANSHIPMT About Shipment LC103 SHIPPED SSDATONG SAILING 20INST PLSINSURE Shipping Advice SC9988 FOREVERBIKES SHIPD15MAY SSVICTORY ETAENDMAY Claim ORDER13 BRASSBEDS ARRIVED DULLFINISH USELESS P
29、LSREPLACE,IV. How to Compose Telex,Teletypewriters print in capital letters only. They can not underscore any words, and the keyboard does not contain certain signs such as dollars and ampersand. When drafting telex messages, we should bear the above in mind. As we know, telex calls are charged on a
30、 time basis. To minimize the cost of telex transmission, therefore, we should learn to make the message as brief or concise as possible, using short words that require less time in transmitting. To sum up, the following are the techniques recommended for beginners to follow in composing commercial t
31、elexes:,IV. How to Compose Telex,Omit unnecessary articles, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, linking verbs, conjunctions, prepositions, punctuation marks, etc. Use prefixes and suffixes such as un-, in-, de-, dis-, non-, mis-, under-, counter-, over-, -ing,-ed, -able, -y, -al, -ible, -ment, -tion, -sion,
32、-ful, etc. to make the message brief. Shorten the message by structural devices.,IV. How to Compose Telex,a.Substitute phrases with single words, e.g. IF = in the event of b.Substitute clauses by participles, e.g. ONE CLNT ENQR REQSTG GNRL INFRMTN RE SEW MACHINE (One of our clients sent us an enquir
33、y in which he requested general information regarding our sewing machines.) c.Delete unnecessary words and rewrite the message, e.g. WL CNCL CONTRACT UNLESS RPL RCVD ENDJUN. (We are afraid that the contract will have to be cancelled if your reply does not reach us by the end of June.) d.Use differen
34、t forms of the verb to convey the meaning of certain actions.,V. Specimens of Telexes,PLS ADV COSTS N BUILDG TERM IF V PLACE ODR FOR ELECTRIC TYPEWRITER YR END. WUD IT BE POSSIBL PRCHSE STEEL PLATE N IF SO WHEN CLD DLVRY BE EXPECTD ALSO DESIRE KNOW VALUE OF PRCHSE PRICE. V QTE SUBJ CFMN ON SHARP AIR
35、CONDITIONER TIROL AH22-BIF AT L350/UNIT CIF LDN SHPT W/I 5 WKS AFT REPT ODR LC. ABV OFR VALD TWO WKS ENDG JUN 4 5PM BUT ANY IMP TARIFF CHANGE YR RISK N A/C.,V. Specimens of Telexes,RE YR MDL45 PLS DISCNT 30 PCT AS SIMLR PRODTS SOLD HERE ABT 15 DLRS LOWER THAN YRS CAN SELL OVER 200 PER MONTH IF ABV D
36、ISCNT GIVEN. YT DF-1005 FEB/5 UNIVERSE X YR BID 10 PCT CUT ON OUR OFR TO USD 5000/UNIT CIF SF IS INTERABLE TO US BCAUS OURS IS BEST PSBL PRICE BUT IN VIEW NEED TO DVLP OUR MKT IN YR TOWN N JPNS DULL EXP TRADE ACPTG YR BID THIS ONCE HOPE EAR CONCLSN OF CONT RPL SOON. TKS YT JUN 30 ACPTD OUR OFR UNDER
37、 5PCT CUTTERMS X UPON STUDY AGRD TO YR BID N IMDTLY PREPARED SALES NOTE WHICH V MAILD TODAY PLS FIND IT IN ODR RPL SOON.,V. Specimens of Telexes,YR MAY 6 ODR 100B/S SILK PRODTS HAS BEEN LOADD ON SS CHIMING ETD QINGDAO JUN 10 HOPE THEY WLB FOUND IN ODR UPON ARVL X CY INY B/L INS POLICY TO BE MAILD LA
38、TER WITH CFMN LTR TKS. TKS YT NOV 20 COLOR TV SUNRISE 18 MODEL A-3X YR BID USD 800/UNIT CIF SF ACDG MKR A PERILOUS PRICE RISKG LOSS UNDER PRESENT HIGH YEN EXCH RATE USD180 SO SUGST INCR OF YR ODR FM 30 TO 40 X IF U AGR READY YR BID RPL SOON. RGRT SHPT YR ODR 30 STERO SETS PROJECT 770 HAS BEEN PUT OF
39、F TO MAY V FOUND NO APR VSL AVLBL FOR NY N HAD NO CHOICE BUT HOLD GOODS IN JPN FOR ONE MONTH DEEPLY APOLOGZ SUCH DELAY WHICH PLS ACK.,VI. Exercises,1. Translate the following telegram into Chinese: YC25 KRAFTPAPER 10M/T SHPMTAUG ACCEPTED OTHER ITEMS WORKING YC18 BICYCLE CONFIRMED SEWMACHINE REVERTIN
40、G PLSCABLE SEWMACHINE LICENCE POSITION AWAITGLC LC1414 SHIPPED S/SREDSEA ETAENDOCT PLSINSURE WRITING LC1218 PLS AMEND 2000PAIR TOPEAD 2000DZPAIR,VI. Exercises,2. Transcribe the following into telex messages, using as many abbreviations as you can: We are interested in purchasing 175 Forever Brand Bi
41、cycles, Type UL18. We wish to have a quotation, with discount, cost plus freight and insurance to Genoa. Please inform us of delivery date and payment terms. Goods under your Order No.736 are ready for dispatch. Unfortunately we have not yet received your packing instructions. Please inform us of yo
42、ur shipping marks and packing requirements in detail by telex. We need replacements for the goods in Case No.17 under Order No. 185 which were shipped per s.s. Mersey. The goods are badly damaged, but we dont know the cause yet. We shall let you know as soon as we have the surveyors report.,Suppleme
43、ntary material: Fax and E-mail,I. Introduction Faxes and E-mails are contributing a lot to the international business. As buyers and sellers are residing in different countries and separated by thousands of miles, convenient, quick and economical elements all should be taken into consideration in in
44、ternational trade, and faxes and E-mails can just meet these needs.,1. Faxes,A fax (short for facsimile and sometimes called telecopying) is a device that can send or receive pictures and text over a telephone line. It is the transmission of scanned-in printed material (text or images), usually to a
45、 telephone number associated with a printer or other output device. A fax machine consists of an optical scanner for digitizing images on paper, a printer for printing incoming fax messages, and a telephone for making the connection.,1.1 Characteristics of Faxes,(1) The fax is a digital form, and th
46、e information is transmitted as electrical signals through the telephone system. The receiving fax machine reconverts the coded image and prints a paper copy of the document. (2) Fax machines are convenient and simple to use, all you need to operate is a telephone. When you are sending a message, yo
47、u just need dial the telephone number at the receiving terminal and push the transmit button.,1.1 Characteristics of Faxes,(3) Fax machines have no keyboard, so you should prepare the message on a typewriter, computer, or word processor and add any graphics before putting the finished document on th
48、e fax machine. (4) Fax can be communicated as fast as international phone call and telex. It is a 24-hour service and the message can be received unattended. (5) Compared with the telegram and telex, the language in a fax is just the same as a letter, it does not need to use abbreviations.,1.2 Charg
49、e of Faxes,Since the fax has its own scanner and printer, and it is operated by a telephone. The charge is depended on the time a message is printed. The transmission of one page is cheaper than telex.,1.3 Layout of a Fax,A fax consists of two parts: fax heading and fax body. The body of a fax may follow the layout of a formal business letter, it ends with the signatur