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1、Welcome to the Literature Class!,Shakespeares Sonnets,Contents,1. Revision 2. Sonnet 3. Shakespeares Sonnets 4. Reading of Sonnet 18 5. Summary,Elements,Origion & Development,Types & Features,Definition,10,10,14,154,2,Revision,3,Definition,Sonnet: an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentam
2、eter intricately rhymed.,Sonnet,Sonnet Cycles (十四行诗组诗),sonnet sequences a series of sonnets linked together by exploring the varied aspects of a relationship between lovers, or else by indicating a development in the relationship that constitutes a kind of implicit plot.,Sonnet,Sir Thomas Wyatt (150
3、3-1542),Petrarch (1304 -1374),Origin & Development,Sonnet,(1). Originated in Italy around the 1350s; (2). Perfected by Petrarch (1304 -1374); (3). Sir Thomas Wyatt introduced Petrarchan sonnet from Italy into English literature. (4). Decline and revival,Origin & Development,Sonnet,Two types of sonne
4、t: a. the Italian or Petrarchan sonnet b. the English or Shakespearean sonnet. Difference: structure, rhyme scheme, and subject matter,Types of Sonnets,Sonnet,Sonnet,octave (8 lines) rhyming abbaabba sestet (6 lines) rhyming cdecde or cdccdc. 11 syllables in each line,The Italian or Petrarchan sonne
5、t,On His Blindness,When I consider how my light is Ere half my days, in this dark world and And that one talent which is death to Lodged with me useless, though my soul more To serve therewith my maker, and My true account, lest he returning “Doth god exact day-labor, light I fondly ask; but Patienc
6、e to That murmur, soon replies, “God doth not Either mans work or his own gifts; who Bear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His Is kingly. Thousands at his bidding And post oer land ocean without they also serve who only stand and,spent,wide,hide,bent,present,chide;,denied?,prevent,need,best,state
7、,speed,rest:,wait.”,Sonnet,Sonnet,The English or Shakespearean sonnet,three quatrains + a concluding couplet: abab 1-4 cdcd 5-8 efef 9-12 gg 13-14 Spenserian sonnet: abab bcbc cdcd ee. 10 syllables in each line,Sonnet 29,When, in disgrace with Fortune and mens I all alone beweep my outcast And troub
8、le deaf heaven with my bootless And look upon myself, and curse my Wishing me like to one more rich in Featured like him, like him with friends Desiring this mans art and that mans With what I most enjoy contented Yet in these thoughts myself almost Haply I think on thee - and then my Like to the la
9、rk at break of day From sullen earth, sings hymns at heavens For thy sweet love remembred such wealth That then I scorn to change my state with,eyes,state,cries.,fate,hope,possessed,least;,despising,state,arising,gate,brings,kings.,scope,Sonnet,Sonnet,Petrarchan sonnet has on the whole favored a sta
10、tement of problem, situation, or incident in the octave, with a resolution in the sestet. The English sonnet sometimes uses a similar division of material, but often presents a repetition-with-variation of a statement in each of the three quatrains. The final couplet in the English sonnet usually im
11、poses an epigrammatic turn at the end.,Difference in Structure,Elements,Foot Metre Rhythm Line stanza,Sonnet,Foot: the basic metrical unit, a part of a line of poetry in which there is one strong beat and one or two weaker beats. 音步,Sonnet,Monometer one foot Dimeter two feet Trimeter three feet Tetr
12、ameter four feet Pentameter five feet Hexameter six feet Heptameter seven feet Octameter eight feet,Types of Foot,Sonnet,Meter: regularized rhythm; an arrangement of language in which the accents occurs at apparently equal intervals in time. 格律，韵律,Sonnet,Duple meter: Iambic (one unstressed + one str
13、essed) Trochaic (one stressed + one unstressed) pyrrhic (one unstressed +one unstressed) Triple meter: Anapestic (two unstressed + one stressed) Dactylic (one stressed + two unstressed) Spondaic (two stressed) Monosyllabic foot (one stressed),Metrical Patterning,Sonnet,Metrical patterning:,1) Iamb 抑
14、扬格 2) Trochee 扬抑格 3) Anapest 抑抑扬格 4) Dactyl 扬抑抑格 5) Spondee 扬扬格 6) pyrrhic 抑抑格 7) Monosyllabic,the sun went to intervene color of true-blue of the truth,Sonnet,Rhythm: a regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements.节律，节奏,Sonnet,5-foot Iambus (Iambic Pentametre),Sonnet,Shakespeares Sonnets,1609: “
15、 Shakespeares Sonnets. Never before Imprinted” 154 sonnets, written between 1593 and 1599. Certain motifs are evident in this sonnet sequence.,Sonnet,Three Groups,1-17: on a handsome young man Mr.W. H. 18-126: the idea that the beloved youth will survive through the poets verse. 127-154: about the “
16、dark lady of the sonnets”.,Sonnet,Sonnet 18,Sonnet,Sonnet 18,Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or natures changing course untrimmed;, Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely an
17、d more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summers lease hath all too short a date:, But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst; Nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growst;, So long as men
18、 can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.,Questions for Discussion,Sonnet,1. Who is the speaker? 2. Whats the relationship betwee the speaker and “thee”? Why does the speaker compare “thee” to a summers day? 3. What are the differences between the natural summer
19、 and “thy” summer? 4. What figures of speech can you find in this sonnet? 5. What imageries does Shakespeare employ in this sonnet? How do they contribute to theme of the sonnet? 6. Whats the purpose and theme of this sonnet?,The speaker of a poem is not necessarily the poet. Frequently, the speaker
20、 represents a type of person.,Sonnet,The speaker might be a poet or a lover of poetry,Speaker?,Lovers? Friends? Or ,intimate,Sonnet,Relationship ?,What are the features of an English summers day?,Mild; beautiful; short; Changeable.,Sonnet,Contrst,Thy summer,Natural summer,Short,Eternal,Leased,Owst,H
21、ot,Temperate,Decline,Rough wind,Dimmed,Lovely breath,Not fade,Deathless,Sonnet,Rhetorical question; Metaphor; Personification Hypoble; Repetition,a. Make the language more figurative and vivid. b. Make the theme more concrete. c. Add depth, richness and clarity to the poem.,Sonnet,Sonnet,Imagery,The
22、 representation of sense experience to the imagination through language. 1. visual imagery (sight) 2. auditory imagery (sound) 3. olfactory imagery (smell); 4. gustatory imagery (taste) 5. tactile imagery (touch) 6. kinesthetic imagery (movement or tension in the muscles or joints). 7. organic image
23、ry (hunger, thirst, fatigue or nausea),Sonnet,Imagery,Poets use images not only to create physical experiences but also to establish moods.,Rough wind Darling buds Hot eye Gold complexion,They make the theme more concrete and concentrated.,Purpose,Shakespeares purpose might be to express the idea th
24、at the artistic beauty is eternal and express his strong love for poetry.,Sonnet,to express an emotion, a mood, or an idea. to reveal human nature, to describe a place, to tell a story, to achieve some combination of purposes.,Purpose,Theme of this sonnet: The beauty of / in poetry is eternal.,Sonne
25、t,Theme is the central concept developed in a poem and conveyed to the readers. It is usually an abstract concept which becomes concrete through the idiom and imagery.,十四行诗18,或许我可用夏日将你作比方， 但你比夏日更可爱也更温良。 夏风狂作常会催落五月的娇蕊， 夏季的期限也未免还不太长。 有时候天眼如炬人间酷热难当， 但转瞬又金面如晦常惹云遮雾障。 每一种美都终究会凋残零落，,或见弃于机缘，或受挫于天道无常。 然而你永恒的
26、夏季却不会终止， 你优美的形象也永远不会消亡， 死神难夸口说你在它的罗网中游荡， 只因你借我的诗行便可长寿无疆。 只要人口能呼吸，人眼看得清， 我这诗就长存，使你万世留芳。,14行诗18,能不能让我把你比作夏日？ 你可是更加可爱，更加温婉； 狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿， 夏季租出的日子又未免太短暂： 有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热， 他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗； 每一样美呀，总会离开美而凋落，,被时机或者自然的代谢所催残； 但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯， 你永远不会失去你美的形象； 死神夸不着你在他影子里踯躅， 你将在不朽的诗中与时间同长； 只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看的见， 我这诗就活着，使你的生命绵延。
27、 屠岸 译,Sonnet 29,When, in disgrace with Fortune and mens eyes, I all alone beweep my outcast state, And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries. And look upon myself, and curse my fate, Wishing me like to one more rich in hope, Featured like him, like him with friends possessed, Desiring this mans
28、 art and that mans scope, With what I most enjoy contented least;,Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising, Haply I think on thee - and then my state, Like to the lark at break of day arising From sullen earth, sings hymns at heavens gate, For thy sweet love remembred such wealth brings That th
29、en I scorn to change my state with kings.,十四行诗29,面对命运的抛弃，世人的冷眼， 我唯有独自把飘零的身世悲叹。 我曾徒然地呼唤聋耳的苍天， 诅咒自己的时运，顾影自怜。 我但愿，愿胸怀千般心愿， 愿有颜如玉，有三朋六友相周旋； 愿有才华盖世，有文才斐然，,唯对自己的长处，偏偏看轻看淡。 我正耽与这种妄自菲薄的思想， 猛然间想到了你，顿景换情迁， 我忽如破晓的云雀凌空振羽， 对苍茫大地，呕颂歌一曲天门站。 但记住你柔情招来财无限， 纵帝王屈尊就我，不与换江山。,Questions on Sonnet 29:,Who is the speaker in
30、the poem? What are the speakers complaints in 1-8 lines? Is there any change in the speakers attitude in the poem? Do you have such kind of experience? What does the speaker remember in Line10?,What imageries are used in the poem? How do they contribute to the theme? What kind of figures of speech a
31、re used in the poem? What is the rhyming scheme of the poem? What is the rhyming scheme of the poem? Can you scan the poem?,Sonnet,Summary of the features of Shakespeares Sonnets,strong feeling; certain motif; a density of thought and imagery; delight by a felicity of phrase and verse movement; afford readers hints of Shakespeares personality and personal life.,Sonnet,Assignments,1. Recite Sonnet 18. 2. Choose Shakespeares another sonnet and try to analyze its elements.,Sonnet,Thank you for your attention !,