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1、英汉语差异,李春江,Language Family,English Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family,Chinese Sino-Tibetan language family,Borrowed Words,English Latin: pen, pencil French: sir, feast Greek: comedy Arabic: coffee Persian: bazaar Chinese: tea, chop-suey, chow mein, kowtow, toufu,Chinese 逻辑、的士、芭蕾舞、沙龙
2、、休克,词义宽窄,sister cousin marry,事情(thing, matter affair, business),搭配,take off glasses take off overcoat ride a horse ride on a plane,have a cup of tea have a cigarette have dinner,参加革命 参加会议 参加劳动 参加意见,看电视 看黑板 看电影 看地图,碰到困难 碰到生词 碰到风暴 碰到机会,抓紧施肥 grasp manure pay close attention to or attend to the question
3、 of manure 取得成就 make achievements (have or attain),学习知识 learn knowledge (acquire or attain) 把中国建设成为 build China into (turn or transform),犯个人主义的错误 make mistakes of individualism (mistakes of succumbing to individualism) 我们有过这样的经验 We had the experience that (It was our experience that),争取运动成绩与精神文明双丰收
4、For a good harvest both in sports and morals Longman Dictionary: “standards of behavrior, esp. in matters of sex” For better (atheletic) records and sportsmanship.,男孩子到底是男孩子。 Boys will be boys. 啊，你到底来了。 Here you are at last!,我们的事业从胜利走向新的胜利。 Our cause has won victories one after another. We have won
5、one victory after another for our cause. A series of victories have been won for our cause.,汉字在历史上有过不可磨灭的功绩。 Chinese characters have made indelible contributions in history. The system of Chinese characters has played an invaluable role in our history.,宗教不得干预政治。 Religion must not interfere with poli
6、tics. It is impermissible to interfere with politics in the name of religion.,修饰词,胜利召开 successfully convened 严肃处理、热烈拥护、认真贯彻、彻底粉碎、深入批判 不切实际的幻想、毫无根据的诽谤,进一步简化手续，及时地积极地从国外引进，并且认真组织科学技术人员和广大职工做好消化和推广工作。 We should further simplify procedures and take prompt and vigorous action to import urgently needed te
7、chnology earnestly organize scientists, technicians and the mass of workers to assimilate and popularize imported technology.,We should (further) simplify procedures and take prompt (and vigorous) action to import urgently needed technology (earnestly) organize scientists, technicians and (the mass
8、of) workers to assimilate and popularize imported technology.,Structure,汉语 有无主句 修饰语只能放在前面 习惯用短句 定语较短 没有表语,英语 没有 语序灵活（修饰语即可在前，亦可在后） 复合句或长句多 定语多且长 有表语,词序,flesh and blood rich and poor old and new heavy and light track and field land and water right and left,Cultural and lexical meaning,Lexical meaning
9、: the basic meaning of the word, especially when it comes into the language originally. Cultural meaning: the meaning of the word connected with a specific civilization of the state of cultural development of a particular people.,RED the color of fresh blood or its like high political consciousness
10、of the proletariat,Different Customs and Thinking,dog You lucky dog. lead a dogs life Every dog has his day.,狗 狗屁 狗屁不通 狗腿子 狗崽子,wear ones Sunday suit the land flowing with milk and honey 15% off student driver choice material ride the high horse,another pair of shoes May I know your name? laugh ones
11、head off (splitting ones sides) like a drowned rat,Phraseology,A white elephant a new broom sweeps clean tit for tat an early bird be born with a silver spoon in the mouth to fish in the air Mind your ps and qs,Colloquial and formal,look into (investigate) spread (disseminate) give up (abandon) put
12、out (extinguish),天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。 理论必须密切联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。 他在战斗中表现突出，受到连长的表扬。 年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。 当时，友谊商店只对外宾开放，不对中宾开放。,天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。 It was so cold that the river froze. 理论必须密切联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。 That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.,他在战斗中表现突出，受到连
13、长的表扬。 He was commended by the company commander for his distinguished performance in the battle. 年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。 All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election.,当时，友谊商店只对外宾开放，不对中宾开放。 At the time the friendship store was exclusively open to for
14、eign visitors.,她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪，这也不是没有道理的。 这家小工厂经过技术改造，发展很快，使人感到惊讶不已。 只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了。 看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气，摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。 还是热，心里可镇定多了。凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望。,她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪，这也不是没有道理的。 She is justifiably proud of her achievements. 这家小工厂经过技术改造，发展很快，使人感到惊讶不已。 This small factory underwent a technological renovation,
15、 thus developing with surprising speed.,只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了。 A glance at this letter will convince you that you have been taken in. 看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气，摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。 The janitor staggered down the stairway, stunned and gasping.,还是热，心里可镇定多了。凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望。 It was still hot but everyone felt much better, for
16、the breeze, though slight, brought them hope.,There is no month in the whole year, in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August! In those years, Doris could have made something of herself if she had been a boy.,It is the electronic computers the importance of which c
17、ant be overestimated that come to the help of human brain, thus opening up boundless possibilities. Surrounded by wild flying spray and deafened by the roar of the Falls, tourists come face to face with one of natures great extravagances.,It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit
18、 which I had intended to pay to China in January. I was not one to let my heart rule my head. He was a patriotic, adventurous and romantic writer.,Arrogance and complacence turned out to be his ruin. The big courtyard is full of vehicles, yellow with dirt, mended and patched, raising their shafts to the sky like two arms, or perhaps with their noses in the ground and their backs in the air.,Emma, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence.,