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1、,制作者：潘飞 协助：张悦.卞晓蕊 （ 会计80801）,English,作文技巧总结,技巧总结,精彩的文章开头 精彩的文章结尾 文章主体段落三大杀手锏 写好一篇作文的注意事项 范文赏析 临场注意事项 小结,精彩的文章开头,一 对立法 二 观点法 三 引用法 四 比较法 五 故事法 六 问题法,一对立法 :,先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,适用于有争议性的主题. 例如 1. When asked about., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that . But I think/view a bit di
2、fferently. 2. When it comes to , some people believe that . Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments / statements , but (I tend to the profer / latter .) 3. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that They claim/ b
3、elieve/argue that . But I wonder/doubt whether.,二观点法,开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法. e.g: 1. Never history has the change of been as evident as . Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of benn more visible/popular than. 2. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/acc
4、ept/(be aware) that. 3. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity toNow people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of 4. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.,三 引用法,先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点! e.g: 1. “Knowledge is power.“ such
5、is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people . “Education is not complete with gradulation.“ Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion. 2.“.“ How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this . In our own
6、days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this “.,四 比较法,通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点. e.g: 1. For years, .had been viewed as . But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing . , people . . 2. People used to think that . (In the past, ) But people now share this new.,
7、五故事法,先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题. e.g: 1. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt The phenemenon of . has aroused public concern. 2. I have a friend who . Should he ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life. 3. Once upon a time , there lived a man who . This story may be (unbelie
8、vable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.,六问题法,先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题. e.g: Should/What ? Options of . vary greatly , some ., others . But in my opinion , .,精彩的文章结尾,结论性 后果性 号召性 建议性 方向性 意义性,一结论性,通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 . e.g: 1. From what has been discussed above, we may saf
9、ely draw the conclusion that . 2. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable .,二后果性,揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果. e.g: 1. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of . , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of . 2. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the
10、 problem , there is every chance that will be put in danger.,三号召性,呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意. e.g: 1. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of 2. It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.,四建议性,对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法. e.g: 1. W
11、hile it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is Another method is . Still another one is . 2. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.,五 方向性,其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景. e.g: 1. Many solutions are being offered here , all of
12、them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way . 2. There is no quick method to the issue of , but might be helpful/benefical. 3. The great challenge today is There is much difficulty , but ,六意义性,文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义! e.g: 1. Follow
13、ing these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit . 2. In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly ,文章主体段落三大杀手锏,一、举实例 二、做比较 三、换言之,一、举实例,思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个
14、方案，举实例！而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！ In order to attract more customersadvertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads，such as sound，light，colours，cartoon films and human performance. For instance，to advertise a certain food，advertisers will ask an actor
15、 or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. 更多句型： To take as an example One example is Another example is for example,二、做比较,方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的； 世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发 现二者的相同点（through comparison）和不同点（through contrast）。
16、 下面是一些短语： 相似的比较： in comparison likewise similarly in the same manner 相反的比较： on the other hand conversely whereas while instead nevertheless in contrast on the contrary compared with,三、换言之,没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 实际就是重复重复再重复！ 下面的句子实际上就三个字 ：I love you! I am enthusiastic about
17、you. I am wild about you. I have fallen in love with you. 或者下面这个例子： I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. 因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it. That is to say： I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it. 更多短语： in more difficult language in simpler words put it more simply,一篇作文的注意事项：,1.适当用被动代替主动
18、，这样能更客观的反映事实 句子开头不要总是用we / I （比如写结尾时不用we should pay attention to而用Attention should be paid to. ） 举个经典结尾2004年六月六级作文的最后一段：It is therefore high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that. Thus， its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively.,2. 善于使用插入语，比
19、如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。 如however / therefore /for example/I believe 做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。 比如说： Other individuals however take the attitude that ,一定要学会换词，换形象，具体的代替太宽泛的。 考试中一般不要出现good，bad，many thing，think，people，opinion 等等） 比如上面例子中： applicable代替proper approaches代替ways im
20、plement代替carry out sharpen ones competitive edge代替enhance ones competitiveness（提高某物竞争力）,范文,Air Pollution Environmental Protection,Air Pollution,Air pollution is one of the major problems of the modern world. A great deal of energy is needed to run the factories of modern industrial nations. Automobi
21、le, trains, planes and busses need energy, too. Nearly all of this energy is produced by burning fuels. The burning produces wastes, some of which remain in the air, causing air pollution. Scientists are finding ways to stop air pollution especially in big industrial areas and densely-populated citi
22、es. They are studying new ways of generating electricity that may be less damaging to the environment. In the meantime, many power plants are being modernized to give off less polluted material. Also, engineers try to design and locate new power plants to do minimum damage to the environment. Howeve
23、r, it may be that we still have a long way to go before we have a “clean“ world. Nearly all of the countries are trying hard to prevent and control air pollution. There indeed seems to be no end to tasks that environmentalists will be required to do. People will continually find new ways to control
24、pollution.,Environmental Protection,Today the quality of our natural environment has become an important issue. The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources and at the same time polluting our environment with dangerous chemica
25、ls. If we continue to do this, life on earth cannot survive. Concerned people have made some progress in environmental protection. Governments of many countries have established laws to protect the air, forests and sea resources and to stop environmental pollution. Still more measures should be take
26、n to solve environmental problems. People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems, to use modern methods of birth control, to conserve(保存） our natural resources and recycle（再循环） our products. We are sure that we can have a better and cleaner place in the future.,临场注意事项
27、,1 放松情绪，消除恐惧感，必要时可借助深呼吸来缓解紧张的心情。如试卷一、二(作文在试卷2上)同时发下来，应在做完听力部分后，迅速地看一下作文题，让其在大脑中留有一席之地，这样便于在做词汇、阅读时随时发现写作可借用的词汇、例子、句型等相关内容，而不致于在本来较短的写作时间内，大脑一片空白，无从下手。 2 一定要认真审题，弄清文章及各段主题，实现由提纲到主题句的转换。打草稿：摆事实，理清思路，从易于表达，且论证丰富的观点入手，不局限于一种看法，一种表达法或一种句式。具体写作时最好分段来写，各段之间空二至三行，以利于随时增减或删改。而且字迹要工整，卷面要保持清洁，给评卷人一个好印象。写完后仔细检查作文中用词、句法方面有无不准确的地方；句式有无变化；句与句之间，段与段之间有无合适的连接及过渡等。,小结,掌握写作技巧的关键在平时笔头的积累。平时可多储备一些不同题材的提纲，写作时就可信手拈来。写作时要注意，词语的使用应求变，忌重复。句式也不要拘泥于简单句。论述时通过正反两方面的对比论证，可以使文章内容更丰满。一些关联词语的添加和句式转换，可加强文章的结构性。写作时更要尽量避免犯一些低级错误，如拼写、时态、名词复数、人称变化等。,Thank you!,