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1、英語發音與口語表達,2012新北市英語研習 李 櫻,如何掌握英語語音特色,學好發音的真正的關鍵： -足夠而不斷反覆的語言接觸 -正確而清楚的模仿標的 -正確的學習方法： 掌握英語的語音結構特色， 知道該聽什麼、該注意哪些語音特質,(一)母音和子音,語音的發音基礎： 氣流：氣流送出的方法有何不同？ 喉頭是否用力？ 受力的部位置在哪裡？ 嘴型：開合程度有何不同？ 嘴型是否有所改變？,母音的發音教學要領： 善用嘴型引導學生掌握關鍵語音特質 嘴巴開合程度 嘴巴形狀 臉頰肌肉鬆緊 以字母為例： A B, C, D, E, G F H, J, K P,T,V,X L, M, N, S 母音的對比關鍵： g
2、ate / get beat / bit late / let seat / sit,英語母音的對比特質,(1) 緊vs.鬆 (tense vs. lax) beat vs. bit sheep vs. ship gate vs. get paper vs. pepper food vs. foot pool vs. pull boat vs. bought pole vs. Paul (2) 舌位的高低 set vs. sat bed vs. bad color vs. collar cup vs. cop mother vs. father,短詞、短句練習,1. Make a cake.
3、Eat the cake. Eat it, please. 2. Take a break. Give us a break. 3. Bread and butter. Have some bread or cake. 4. Lets taste it. Lets test it. 5. Please make your bed. 6. Its a nice bed. Its a bad bed. 7. Sell the books. Theres big sale. 8. Betty sat on the bed. David sat at his desk. 9. Jenny is set
4、ting the table. 10. I made an apple pie and a banana cake.,短詞、短句練習,1. Paul just bought a boat. 2. Jane was caught in the heavy rain. 3. Janet told me to sell the coat. 4. Old Mr. Brown taught me a lot of new tricks. 5. Amy bought a new dress from the big sale. 6. David and Tim often fought violently
5、. 7. Jenny thought her brother would call her. 8. Wait a second, please. 9. Wait a moment, please. 10. Take it with you. Take it or leave.,What do we learn from names?,Amy, Jane, Jamie, Kate, Katie, David, Jamie Peter, Eve, Jean, Eugene Tim, Kim Jenny, Sherry, Jenifer, Jessie, Terry, Ken Sam, Pat, K
6、atherine Thomas, Tom, Paul, Paula,英語子音的結構特質,(1) 英語子音的重要對比特質: 帶聲 (voicing) vs. 送氣 (aspiration) pie vs. buy pie vs. spy, apple (c.f. buy),英語語音的組合規律（音節結構）,（1） 音節結尾的阻塞子音 book bird dog like notebook hotdog textbook Nice to meet you.,英語語音的組合規律（音節結構）,(2) 子音群 /tr/ tree, try, tray /dr/ dress, dry, drive / r/
7、 three throw /r/ 與 /l/ 的子音群 /pr/, /pl/ pray play /kr/, /kl/ crowd cloud /fr/,/fl/ fruit flute,英語語音的組合規律（音節結構）,（3）音節結尾的鼻音m, n name game time from problem (必須閉唇) brown town town sound count,短詞、短句練習,Pick up the book. He picked up the book. Please set the table. Please eat the cake. Take the cake/your l
8、unch with you. What do you want? What is it that you want? Once upon a time, there was a king who had It is a nice swimming pool. Betty didnt want this story book. I need a hot bath/ I need some cold water.,(二)語言中的語調與節奏特色,每個語言都有其特有的韻律與節奏。 漢語系統的語言: 聲調: 國語的四聲 (表達字辭意義) 媽 麻 馬 罵 國語的節奏-輕聲與非輕聲 爸爸 媽媽 東西,國內學
9、習者的語調學習問題: 漢語聲調和英語語調的混淆,例一: 字母的讀法 CNN ABC NBC BMW AIT AIDS 第一聲(高平調)? 第四聲(高降調)? 第二聲(上揚調)? 例二: 語句的讀法 I go to school every day. Are you going tomorrow?,英語重音與節奏 節奏的特色： 重 vs.輕 急 vs.緩 高楊 vs.低降 英語重音和節奏息息相關： 重音節：語音較響亮 (音量) 音調較高亢 (音高) 速度較緩慢 (音長) *母音較清晰,英語語調的特質： 以整個語句或語詞組為單位 表達語句整體的句法言談功能或說話者的態度 Are you a tea
10、cher? / Youre a teacher. vs. Youre a teacher?/ Want some coffee?/ Red wine?/ White wine?/,英語語調的溝通功能： 上揚語調(或高平調): 未完成、不確定 (如列舉、正反問句) 有所保留、委婉客氣(如接待人員的談話) 下降語調 已結束、確定(如直述句) 較正式、肯定,英語語調教學舉例： 1. 字母或縮寫: (列舉、該單位尚未結束) ABC ABCD ABCDEFG CNN ABC BMW Cf. CNN News Center/ ABC news report Its a BMW./ I like my BM
11、W very much. How do you spell the word book/pen/apple? B-o-o-k./P-e-n./ A-p-p-l-e.,英語語調舉例： 2. 說話者對語句內容有疑問：正反問句 Do you like it? (You like it?) Is he your friend? (He is your friend?) Some coffee? Red wine? White wine?,英語語調舉例： 3.說話者對語句內容相當確定：直述句 Yes, I like it very much. No, he isnt (my friend). Give
12、me some coffee/red wine/white wine. 4. 說話者對語句內容大致確定， 只須詢問某一特定訊息： wh-問句 Whats your name? /How are you? Who is he? / When are you leaving?,英語語調舉例： 5. 說話者的態度 上揚語調: 驚訝、不確定、委婉、親切 下降語調： 確定、果斷 語調的社會意涵： 性別、年齡、場合、交談雙方之關係,u,英語語調舉例： 範例1： This is a bird and a tree. The bird is little. It is red. It is in the tr
13、ee. The tree is green. The bird is singing.,範例 2： Close your eyes and open your ears. Its time for a story. No, Im not going to read it to you; you will listen to it on a CD, MP3, or cassette. Sound like a great idea? Well, in todays world, anything is possible,四、 從聽音、字母拼讀 到篇章閱讀,由上而下vs.由下而上的閱讀策略 (to
14、p-down vs. bottom-up) -整體性訊息理解應優先於故事細節掌握 語調、重音、節奏、斷句與句法及篇章關係密切 -語言的音韻節律常透露語用訊息 -重音、語調、停頓等有助於句法的習得 聽音遊戲由整體語言的傾聽著手，從句子和韻文故事的練習，建立語音知覺的同時，同時掌握跨越單字範圍的語音現象，有利於語調、重音、節奏、斷句的習得,歌謠韻文: Im a little teapot, short and stout. Heres my handle, heres my spout. When the tea is ready, hear me shout. Pick me up and po
15、ur me out! 重音、語調、停頓等常反映詞組結構關係: Close your eyes and open your ears. Its time for a story.,聆聽故事： *注意語調、節奏、重音所透露之語意語用訊息 *在故事進行中適時融入字母拼讀評量 The Wishing Well A mouse once found a wishing well. “Now all of my wishes can come true!” she cried. She threw a penny into the well and made a wish. “OUCH!” said th
16、e wishing well.,The next day the mouse came back to the well. She threw a penny into the well and made a wish. “OUCH!” said the well. - The next day the mouse came back again. She threw a penny into the well. “I wish this well would not say ouch,” she said. “OUCH!” said the well. “That hurts.” “What
17、 shall I do?” cried the mouse. “My wishes will never ever come true this way.”,The mouse ran home. She took the pillow from her bed. “This may help,” said the mouse, and she ran back to the well. The mouse threw the pillow into the well. Then she threw a penny into the well and made a wish. “Ah. Tha
18、t feels much better!” said the well. “Good!” said the mouse. “Now I can start wishing.”,After that day the mouse made many wishes by the well. And every one of them came true.,But the next morning his friends laughed at him. Francine called him four-eyes. “Sissy,” shouted Buster. None of Arthurs fri
19、ends wore glasses.,No one in his family wore glasses, either. Arthur felt awful. He didnt care if he could see. He didnt want to be called four-eyes. Arthur decided he would lose his glasses.,Arthur put his shirt in the laundry. In the front pocket were his glasses. His mother found them the next mo
20、rning. “You have to be more careful, Arthur. Youre lucky they werent broken.”,That day at school, Arthur hid his glasses in his lunchbox. He told his teacher he forgot them. But now things were harder to see than ever. When Arthur walked down the hall to the boys room he had to count the doors.,He o
21、pened the door. Francine was talking. What was Francine doing in the boys room? “Get out of her!” screamed Francine. “This is the girls room!”,Arthur bumped into the wall. He couldnt find the door. Now all the girls were screaming. Out in the hall, doors opened. Teachers ran out.,The principal appea
22、red. Everyone was looking at Arthur. Arthur turned red. He wanted to hide. The principal took Arthur to his office.,Then Arthurs teacher talked to him. “Why dont you keep your glasses in a case in your pocket, as I do?” “You wear glasses?” asked Arthur. “Yes, for reading,” said his teacher. He took
23、them out. They looked just like Arthurs. Brown. Suddenly Arthur felt better.,He went to his lunchbox and put on his glasses. In gym Arthur made ten baskets. Francine made four. That afternoon Arthur didnt need Francine to read the problems on the board.,He got every one right. Arthur could see Franc
24、ines paper. She missed two. After school Francine asked Arthur to be on her team. “Ill consider it,” said Arthur.,The next morning Arthur was very surprised when he saw Francine. “Theyre my movie star glasses,” said Francine. “But there isnt any glass in them,” said Arthur. “It doesnt matter. They h
25、elp me concentrate and make me look beautiful,” said Francine.,That afternoon a photographer took the class picture. “Just a minute,” said Arthur. He took out his glasses. He carefully polished them and put them on. “Everyone ready?” asked the photographer. “Wait!” said Francine. She ran to get her purse.,She took out her movie star glasses. “Okay, Im ready too!” said Francine. “Smile!” said the photographer.,五、 結語,英語語音能力是字母拼讀教學的基礎，也是詞彙、句型學習的必備能力。 語音訓練和字母拼讀須確實融入整體教學活動中。 發音和拼讀的評量應可更為靈活多元，不侷限於課本中少數單字的記憶，以確實培養學生的聽音、辨音能力，掌握字母組合和語音組合形式的連結。,祝各位老師 教學成功、愉快!,