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1、英语总复习语法系列训练,名词性从句,一、引导名词性从句的连接词,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why,不可省略的
2、连词： 1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.,whether 与 if 均为 “是否” 的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代： 1.whether 引导主语从句（包括从句在句首的位置）应当用whether，不用if，如： Whether it is true remains a problem. Whether he will come, I am not sure. 2. 引导表
3、语从句用whether，不用if，如： The question is whether you should accept it. 3. whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if 则不能，如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money. 4. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if 则不能，如： I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasnt decided whether to g
4、o or not. 5.引导同位语从句用whether，不用if，如： The question whether hell attend the meeting is vital.,大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可置于句末，用it充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go.,二、 名词性that-从句,1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。 名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：,主语：That he is still alive
5、 is sheer luck. 宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.,2）that-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：
6、It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. Its a pity that you should have to leave.,a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary that 有必要 It is important that 重要的是 It is obvious that 很明显,b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that 人们相信 It is well known that 从所周知 It has been dec
7、ided that 已决定,c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是,d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句 It appears that 似乎 It happens that 碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起,用 it 作形式主语的that- 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：,三、名词性wh-从句,1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。wh-词包括who, whom, whos
8、e, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如： 主语：How the book will sell depends on its author. 直接宾语：Dont put off what you can do today till tomorrow. 间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize. 表语：My question is who wil
9、l take over the president. 宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 同位语：I have no idea when he will return. 形容词宾语：Im not sure why she refused their invitation. 介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.,2）wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如： It is not yet decided who will do that job.,四、if, whet
10、her引导的名词从句,1）yes-no型疑问从句 从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同， 例如：,主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 宾语：Let us know whether/if you can finish the article before Friday. 表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 同位语：They a
11、re investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 形容词宾语： Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass the exams.,2）选择性疑问从句 选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whetheror或whetheror not构成,如: Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. I dont care whether you
12、 like the plan or not.,五、否 定 转 移,1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 I dont think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。 I don t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。 注意：若谓语动词为hope, 宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。 2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
13、It doesnt seem that they know where to go. It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。 I dont remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having) 4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。 The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语),1.It no
14、w appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how 2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how 3.It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is thought which D. is thought that 4.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might t
15、hat C. may be that D. might be what 5.This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what 6.The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when,7.The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what 8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he h
16、as never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what 9.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields. A. what B. that C. which D. where 10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain. A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built 11.My advice is that he _ re
17、gular house. A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept 12._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who,13.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 14.We heard the news _ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where 15.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if 16.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where,Good-bye!,