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1、语法专项：虚拟语气,1. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job, she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often. (96.1) A. has to get B. were to get C. had got D. could have got,B,7. If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now. (99.1) A
2、. wouldnt be smiling B. couldnt have smiled C. wont smile D. didnt smile,A,【语法要点】错综时间的虚拟句 如果条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，那么要根据不同的时间来调整动词的形式 。 eg.If he had listened to me, he would not have been in such trouble now. 如果他过去听了我的话，现在他就不会陷入这样的麻烦。 If the criminal were honest, hed have made a clean breast of the
3、 whole thing long ago.,【语法要点】省略 if 的虚拟句 在If引导非真实条件从句中谓语动词部分含有were, had, should，可省略if, 这时需将助动词were, had, should, 提到句首，变成倒装结构。作谓语动词时，也可以提到句首而省略if。如： -Were I you, I wouldnt do like that. -Had u asked me, I would have told u. -Should it be necessary, I would go.,2. If the whole operation _ beforehand, a
4、 great deal of time and money would have been lost. (99.6) A. was not planned B. has not been planned C. had not been planned D. were not planned 3. _ for my illness, I would have lent him a helping hand.(95.1) A. Not being B. Had it not been C. Without being D. Not having been,C,B,4._ before we dep
5、art the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. (97.1) A. Had they arrived B. Would they arrive C.Were they arriving D. Were they to arrive,D,【语法要点】不使用if的含蓄虚拟句 此类句子的特点是虽然不使用if，但有相当于if的短语，最常用的形式包括由but for, without构成的介词短语或otherwise, or, or else, and单独使用。如： -Without your help, we c
6、ould not have finished the work earlier. (如果没有你帮忙，我们不可能早点儿把这活干完。) -Five minutes earlier, and you would have seen him. (如果早来五分钟，你就能见到他了。) -But for his help, I would/should fail.,Another effort, and you will/ would have succeeded. Put on more clothes, or u would have caught cold.,【语法要点】不使用if的含蓄虚拟句 if的
7、同义词还有： 除非unless; 假定/如果provided,providing(that), supposing/suppose(that), Given that, Assuming(that); 如果only if, 只要so (as) long as; 以为条件on condition that;,-I might have done better under more favorable conditions. -In the absence of keeper, the warehouse would have been burned down. -In case of , in
8、the event of ,5 We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we _ him. (95.6) A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned C. would telephone D. had telephoned 6. He must have had an accident, or he _ then. (90.1) A. would have been here B. had to be here C. should be here D. would be here,A,A,
9、【语法要点】wish / if only 虚拟句 与现在事实相反，动词变成一般过去式(be用were) did I wish I knew German. I wish I were a bird. 与过去事实相反，用过去完成进或could / might / would + have done I wish I had gone with you to the party yesterday. I wish I could have caught the last bus. 与将来事实相反，用could / would / might + do I wish I could walk on
10、the moon one day. 以上各句中I wish 都可以换成if only , 动词变化形式与 “I wish”相同。,“if only”从句只用虚拟语气，而且其主句一般都省略，并以感叹句的形式出现，表示“要是就好了!” 谓语动词用过去时表示与现在 的事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I had followed your advice! If only I had money, I could travel around the world!,8. I wish I _ lon
11、ger this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. (95.6) A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 9. Sometimes I wish I _ in a different time and a different place. (2000.1) A. be living B. were living C. would live D. would have lived,A,B,10. If only the committee _ the
12、 regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. (97.1) A. approve B. will approve C. can approve D. would approve 11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice. (93.6) A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed,D,B,【语法要点】would rather 后的宾语从句 用一般过去时表示“宁
13、愿某人现在做（或不做）某事，但如表示“宁愿某人过去做（或没做）某事时，would rather 后则用过去完成时，如： Id rather he hadnt done that yesterday. would rather 也可换成would sooner, would just as soon, 用法不变。 It is time + 从句 （一般过去时）,12. To be frank, Id rather you _ in the case. (95.1) A. will not be involved B. not involved C. not to be involved D. w
14、ere not involved 13. Frankly speaking, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being. (99.1) A. didnt do B. havent done C. dont do D. have done,D,A,14. “You are very selfish. Its high time you _ that you are not the most important person in the would,” Edgar said to his boss angrily (99.1) A.
15、 realized B. have realized C. realize D. should realize 15. Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time _? (99.6) A. we are going home B. we go home C. we went home D. we can go home,A,C,【语法要点】表示“要求，建议、命令、请求、安排、欲望、想法”等意义的动词后宾语从句中用should + 动词原形，should可省略。常见的这类动词有： 要求： argue, ask, agree, d
16、emand, determine, insist, desire, require,request, maintain, beg, decree, plead, prefer,pray 建议：propose, suggest, advise, recommend, move（主张），urge 命令：command, order, direct, prescribe（命令，指示）,resolve（决意）, rule（裁决）, stipulate（规定）. 安排：arrange, decide.,16. We desire that the tour leader _ us immediately
17、 of any change in plans. (93.6) A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed 17. As commander in chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _ for our defense. (99.6) A. had been taken B. would be taken C. be taken D. to be taken,A,C,【语法要点】表示“建议、请求、要求、命令”意义的动词出现在it is +v-ed 结构中，
18、或出现在同位语从句、主语从句中时，其后仍然接（should）+ 动词原形。 It has been intended that I should go to one of the greatest universities. 打算让我上一所重点大学。,18. It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made. (95.6) A. is not started B. will not be started C. not be started D. is not to be started
19、19. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _. (98.6) A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to put off,C,A,【语法要点】 It is + 形容词+that + (should) +动词原形结构 常见的这类形容词有： necessary, strange, natural, advisable (明智的,合理的),desirable（理想的）,preferable（更可取的）,imperative（迫切的) important, essenti
20、al, incredible, essential, natural, anxious, appropriate, better, insistent, obligatory, urgent, unthinkable 【语法要点】 It is a pity / a shame/ no wonder that (should),20. It is essential that the application forms _ back before the deadline. (90.1) A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were se
21、nt 21. I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience. (97.6) A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. had been assigned,C,C,【语法要点】in case, lest, for tear that 引导 的状语从句 此类句子的形式为should + 动词原形。如: She took her raincoat with her in case it should rain. He put his
22、overcoat over the boy for fear that he should catch cold,22. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself. (98.1) A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure 23. He was punished _ he should make the same mistake again. (2001.6) A. unless B. lest C. if D. provided,A,B,【语法要点】“
23、so that”和“in order that”从句引起的虚拟语气 She stayed at home for a few days so that she might have more time to study. She researched carefully in order that she might discover a cure for cancer. 5. “lest”等连接词引起的虚拟语气 “lest, in case, for fear that, provided (that), on condition that”等连接词引起的虚拟语气 He hurried on
24、 lest she (should) meet him again. He is working hard for fear that he should/might/may fail. Take this umbrella in case it (should) rain.,【语法要点】 whether类虚拟语气 由连词whether(不管,无论,尽管)所引出的状语从句,常用于正式语中,其谓语用虚拟语气,也就是动词原形,也可省略whether和should再半倒装. if, though, although, even though, whatever也有此用法. Whether the f
25、igures be accurate or not, they have to be rechecked. Home is home, be it ever so homely. If he be elected president, we should all resign. Though he be reduced to poverty, he will never be dishonest. Whatever be his defense, we cannot tolerate his disloyalty.,【语法要点】,expect, believe, think, suspect
26、等动词用在否定，疑问形式时，他们后面所跟的宾语从句通常用should/could+v.表示惊恐奇怪不满怀疑等情绪，并且不能省略. E.g. I never thought that she should be such a sophisticated girl.,【语法要点】 祝贺、祝愿别人 Long live the P. R. C. May the friendship between our tow peoples last forever! May success attend you! May you both be happy! So be it. （但愿如此就这样吧。） Far be it from me to （我极不愿）spoil the fun.,