阅读理解应试技巧.ppt

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1、LOGO,阅读理解应试技巧,,一、阅读方法： 首先，在解题前，应先快速浏览文章后的问题，找出题干中的关键词，明确需要解决的问题，这样阅读的目的就很明确；然后带着这些问题的关键词句开始阅读，并结合以下三种阅读方法解不同的题型。 略读（Skimming）：这种阅读方式用于快速浏览，其主要目的就是把握全文的大意。要按意群扫视，连贯阅读；要特别注意文章的开始段、结束段、每段的首句和结尾句以及段落之间的连接词语和文章中的信息词，它们往往是了解文章大意的关键。 查读（Scanning）：这种阅读方式适于寻找具体细节，例如：事实、数字、人物、原因、年代、方式等。这种方法主要用于做细节题。 细读（Readin

2、g for full understanding）：这种阅读方式适于某些需要判断或思考的问题。对于这种问题先要找到它在文章中的相关段落，然后逐句阅读，特别是对与问题有关的关键词、关键句要仔细推敲。,,二阅读考题类型及相应的应答技巧 （一）细节题： 主要是考查学生对文章某些事实的细节和数据的掌握，这类问题的答案一般都能在原文中找到。对于事实细节题，关键是要定位准确。应首先找到它的考查点，这种题只要找到细节题所在的地方，再联系上下文，然后根据它的命题规律答题即可。这类题的题干答案在意义上通常等于原文中某一部分的内容，也就是说用不同的表达方式使题干答案与原文等值（即同义结构，如：educationa

3、l institution school; make strenuous efforts strive）。文中的时间、地点、人物、数量或事实多为提问的对象（即when, where, who, why, how, how many/much,），而这些问题的表达常不采用文章中的原话提问，而是使用同义词语等，因此，在选择答案前应首先看准题干，看清问题所问究竟是什么细节内容；然后，在查读时注意寻找与题目相关的关键词语；最后，在充分理解原文、原题的基础上确定答案。,,The French Revolution broke out in 1789. At the time France was in

4、a crisis. The government was badly run and peoples lives were miserable. King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament and raise more taxes. But his effort failed. He ordered his troops to Versailles. The people thought that Louis intended to put down the Revolution by force. On July 14, 1

5、789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where political prisoners were kept. 12. Which did not happen in 1789? A. The French Revolution broke out. B. The national economy was developing rapidly. C. The government wasnt well run. D. King Louis XIV was in power. 13. Where were the political prisoners

6、 kept? A. In Versailles. B. In Austria. C. In Prussia. D. In Bastille.,,A couple, John and Mary, had two lovely children. John had just been asked to go on a business trip and would be gone for several days. Mary would go along too. They hired a reliable woman to care for the children and made the t

7、rip, returning home a little earlier than they had planned. As they drove into their hometown, they noticed smoke, and they went off their usual route to see what it was. They found a home in flames. Mary said, “Well, it isnt our fire, lets go home.“ .John and Mary hired a woman to look after their

8、children when _. A. the children were getting out of control. B. John would be on a business trip and Mary would go along, too. C. there was a car accident. D. they were too tired to do it themselves. On their way home the couple _. A. found a murder. B. found a robbery. C. first noticed smoke and t

9、hen they found a house in fire. D. found that they were running out of gas.,,I often find myself trying to explain the attraction traveling holds for me. Traveling, according to many people, is often uncomfortable and even, at least sometimes, dangerous. But one benefit of traveling is that it creat

10、es a perfect atmosphere for the observation of life, an environment that can lead to better understanding and enlightenment. Many wonderful people and places lie on the road ahead. The fact that there are obstacles as well only makes the journey more rewarding. My life and my memories will be improv

11、ed after encountering these people and places. Thats a pretty big benefit! . According to the author, _ can only make the journey more worthwhile. A. obstacles B. memories C. additional fascination D. benefit,,Of course I could also enrich my life without traveling very far at all, but there is some

12、thing about foreign lands that provides an additional fascination. I think most non-travelers are simply too distracted by things such as work, home, and friends to devote their full attention to observation of life. Im more observant when Im on the road and therefore, more alive. I talk to more peo

13、ple and listen to them carefully. I keenly notice everything about my strange new environment. I see a lot of humor that can compensate for(弥补) the misery(痛苦) of moving about. According to the author, the problem with most non-travelers is that _. A. they live a busy life without having fun. B. thei

14、r attention centers so much on work, home and friends that they dont observe life wholeheartedly. C. they consider money-making the most important thing. D. they cant enrich their life because they dont travel very far.,,（二）正误判断题 由于所提信息在文中比较清晰，可以一一找到，所以，解决这类问题可采用带选题跳读的阅读技巧，首先找出问题或选项中出现的关键词语或主要检测点，然后

15、略读文章，扫描这些词所在的句子，再详细读这些句子。必要时，连同它们前后的句子也要仔细阅读，以便综合考虑和确定答案。这样做可以有根据地排除多余的信息及干扰，快速抓住供解题用的信息点，提高解题速度和准确性。 A: According to the passage, which of the following is (NOT) true? B: According to the passage, which of the following statements is wrong?,,In the United States, it is not customary to telephone so

16、meone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a

17、call during sleeping hours, he assumes its a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance. In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three

18、or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different pa

19、rts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keepin

20、g a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late, will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? _ A. In the U.S.A guests tend to feel they

21、are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. B. There is no misunderstanding arising between people from different cultures about the concept of time. C. It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in the U

22、.S.A D. Promptness is valued highly in American life.,,Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet

23、is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar. Which of the following sta

24、tements about the real poet is NOT true? A. He is no more than a master of words. B. He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music. C. He can move men to tears. D. His style is always charming.,,Congress approved the Rehabilitation Act(助残法案) in 1973. This law requires schools to provide dis

25、abled students with opportunities equal to those for other students. A more recent law requires public schools to establish a program for each child found to have a disability. Schools must write, and follow, a statement called an I.E.P., an individualized education program. If not, parents may take

26、 legal action. States must provide special education services for free. Teachers with these skills are in great demand. There are many ways to meet the needs of a student who has disabilities. One way is to give the student extra time to complete work. Teachers might also permit the student to take

27、tests differently from others in class. What is NOT mentioned in the article? A. States must provide special education services without asking students for money. B. Teachers with skills to help disabled students are needed badly. C. Teachers might prevent the student from taking tests differently f

28、rom others in class. D. One way to meet disabled students need is to give the students extra time to complete work.,,There are many ways to meet the needs of a student who has disabilities Technology is one way to help. There are computer programs, for example, designed for the needs of people with

29、learning disabilities. There are some schools in the United States that teach only students with learning disabilities. One is Landmark College in the northeastern state of Vermont. Students attend for up to three years. It prepares them to continue their education at other colleges. Classes at Land

30、mark College are small. Students have their own learning plan, and a special teacher to help them study. Which of the following is TRUE? A. There are few ways to meet the needs of a student who has learning disabilities B. There are some schools in the United States that teach only students with lea

31、rning disabilities. C. Computer programs designed for the needs of people with learning disabilities are not available so far. D. Classes at Landmark College are very big.,,（三）词义题 阅读理解的词义题并非是单纯地考查词汇量，而是考查学生在一定的上下文中辨认和推测词义的能力。常见命题方式： A: The word .(Line, Para) most probably refers to _. B: In this pas

32、sage, probably means _ _ C: The word “” could best be replaced by which of the following? 解题方法：（1）直接定义。作者用了生词，然后马上就用一些简单的单词来解释它。这种重述就是直接定义，常见标志有连词or，而且多用逗号与生词隔开，“refer to”, “mean”等；（2）同义暗示法。作者用了一个生词的时候，一般会在下文用一个同义词来暗示这个单词的意思；（3）反义对比法。作者通过介绍一个生词的反义词来告诉我们这个生词的意思。因此，表示转折的联接词but, unlike, while, however,

33、 on the contrary就成了这类题目的标志词；（4）事例证明法。诸如for example, such as之类的词组。,,Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. The Egyptians wrote on a kind of material made of a water plant. Europeans used p

34、archment for many hundreds of year. Parchment was very strong; it was made from the skin of certain young animals. We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment. Whats the meaning for the word “parchment”? _ A. The skin of young animals. B. A

35、 kind of paper made from the skin of certain young animals. C. The paper used by European countries. D. The paper of Egypt.,,The main thing to say about the weather in Britain is that its unpredictable. For some people this is interesting, for others it is irritating (烦人的). But certainly you can nev

36、er tell with certainty from one day to the next what the weather is going to be like. Every morning when you wake up is a glorious surprise especially if you have planned to go to the seaside and you find it is pouring rain or snowing. There are weather forecasts (预报) on the radio and TV and in the

37、newspaper but on the whole nobody believes them. The word “unpredictable” means _. A. cannot be told in advance B. cannot be understood C. cannot be prepared for ahead D. cannot be concluded,,We were sorry that we had to ask the young man to leave the job. It was not that he was unpopular with the o

38、ther people in the office. Everyone liked him. Nor was it that he was incapable. He had plenty of abilities. The problem was that so much of his work was unsatisfactory; it wasnt good enough. Sometimes he would leave a job unfinished, and never come back to complete it. Other times his writing would

39、 be so illegible that you couldnt read it. Or he might disappear from the office for an hour or so with no explanation of where he had been. Once or twice he sat unoccupied for a while, doing nothing at all, until someone noticed him and gave him some work. In the passage “illegible” refers to _. A.

40、 difficult or impossible to read B. easy and ready to read C. easy and smooth to write D. difficult or impossible to write,,For the rest of the 1920s, Hitchcock worked on one film after another, in Britain and on location in Germany. Filming was often a rough-and-ready (匆忙做成的) affair and the assista

41、nt director was required to step in and plug gaps. A cameraman went missing, Hitchcock became a cameraman. A scene needed rewriting, Hitchcock rewrote it. Someone needed to be in charge of money when the film crew was on location, Hitchcock looked after the money. According to the context (上下文), “st

42、ep in and plug gaps” means_. A. take ones place to do something B. ask for ones help C. make up ones mind to do something D. congratulate someone on something,,Is there privacy between husband and wife? One of Sonias friends married a talented Chinese man, but recently she became so angry that she w

43、anted a divorce. The reason was that her husband had opened one of her letters and looked through her purse. The husband didnt realize that Americans wouldnt tolerate it. He thought being a couple was like being one person; why couldnt he see the letter or the contents of the purse? Truly, everyone,

44、 even those living as a couple, needs room not only in three-dimensional (立体的) space, but in the heart. The word “tolerate” means _. A. get rid of B. forget C. bear D. beat,,Those tiny, little hairs above our eyes that many women pay so much attention to play a very important role in keeping moistur

45、e out of our eyes. Just like an umbrella keeps our bodies dry from the rain, our hairy eyebrows keep our eyes dry from rain or sweat. When its pouring rain outside or when sweat drips down from our foreheads, our eyebrows divert the flow of water or sweat away from our eyes. According to the context

46、 (上下文), “moisture” refers to _. A. ice B. boiled water C. rain or sweat D. soft drink,,Still John drove up and stopped and they were both horror- stricken to see the whole house in flames. A woman on the lawn was screaming, “The children! Get the children!“ John grabbed her by the shoulder saying, “

47、Tell us where the children are!“ “In the basement,“ sobbed the woman, “down the hall and to the left.“ What does “horror-stricken” mean _. A. greatly frightened B. deeply moved C. highly praised D. completely surprised,,（四）主旨题： 主要的目的是了解文章所论述的主题思想以及作者的写作意图。 常见命题方式： A: What is the general topic of the

48、 passage? B: The best title for this passage is _. C: The main idea of this passage is_. D: What is the passage about? E: What does this passage mainly discuss? 这类问题选择答案时切忌过于具体，不能选择概括全篇文章中某一段落的主题的、或是某个细节的选项；另外也不要选择过于笼统的答案，致使选项中包含的内容超越了文章的主题。最基本的方法是找各个段落的主题句。主题句通常在一段的开头或者结尾部分。因此解答主旨题时，应该多关注一个段落的两头。当然，有时候主题句藏在一段的中间，甚至压根儿就没有主题句。,,Americans in business are like peop