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1、General Tips for Listening Comprehension,Finding out clues Being familiar with Numeral statement Speculation Understanding contents and the main ideas Assumption,Finding out clues,Map a. direction: eastsouth-eastern b. street: preposition-betweenand; next to; across from; at the corner; on the right
2、, get on; board; go one block up (down) - country: Vietnam; Spain - city: boulevard; island; suburb - store: laundromat; hardware store - place: MRT; sidewalk; intersection,c. environment: living room; garage d. background: description e. position: in the sink; on the shelf f. occasion: tell by the
3、appearance g. occupation: accountant; veterinarian h. restaurant: beverage; seasoning i. goods in a place: hyper mart; pet shop J. business terms: fitting room; refund,Being familiar with Numerals,1. currency: nickel; five-dollar bill 2. ordinal: twentieth; one hundredth 3. time expression: a quarte
4、r to two; fortyish 4. counting: thirty a head; buy one, get one free 5. weather and temperature: It is foggy; Its freezing; Celsius; Fahrenheit,Speculation,Tell by the picture: location; people; purpose; situation; behavior Keen sensitivity: -from answering sheet -number, schedule, math, year, place
5、, temperature,Analysis,1. direct statement-What does the man mean? 2. the main idea-what are they mainly discussing? 3. related infowhy; according to the man, how?; Which of the following?. 4. relationship: What, whoWh- 5. hint: What will they do next?. 6. where, when,Conversation,Personal preferenc
6、e- I find; I love; Im not so Complaint- Im sorrycomplain about Refusal- Im all booked upIm afraid Praise- Well done; Good for you!. Reception-This is May I (leave) take a message? Hold on; Sorry Brief Introduction-Let meDo you mind,Response-Nice to meet you; Its my pleasure Asking a question- What d
7、o you do? WH-clause Suggestions- I think I suggest You could try How about,Understanding content and the main ideas,1. utilize phrase- be used to; be supposed to; infinite (to+V) and gerund (Ving) usage 2. Causative V- let +V; Have+V; Make+V 3. V+Ving- stop; enjoy 4. Idioms-Whats eating you? right a
8、nd left; We have a lot in common; a big spot,Assumption,A. Dialogue Ex: M: Lets go to Santiago zoo. A baby panda has just been born. F: But its always packed. M: This time we did what you want. We came here for shopping. It will be my turn to decide the place for our date.,assumption,1. they are not
9、 a couple: friends 2. they are not in the zoo: in a dept. store 3. the man likes animals, perhaps 4. the woman doesnt like a crowd place 5. the woman likes to shop on their date 6. they are thinking the place for next date,B. Hint in the dialogue C. If conditional clause: Present Past Future tense,F
10、unctions,Direct statement-Ex: SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) has brought huge damage to the world and mankind. We should fix the broken wall. I think SARS is an evil person. Mankind damaged SARS already. We should find a cure for that ASAP.,Imperative mood: Ask, demand, please, command-omi
11、t “you”- Clean up your room Conditional: present tense-Ved; past tense: had+ PP; future tense: use present tense Exclamation: What a; How; Wh+: What+ thing, people, time, place, reason Auxiliary: Can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might: answer with “Auxiliary” Be +Verb: answer with “yes,
12、no” Have+PP: answer with “have” or “has”,Extra Information,Usage of interrogation Vowels distinction Underlying meaning Confusion in content,Usage of Interrogation: what,What time: when What place: where What people: who What reason: why What method: how,What kind of What color What size What shape
13、Which of Which one is What is What does,Usage of Interrogation: where,The major part is focused on “the place” -where did you go? -where are you from? -where are you going to? -where is,Usage of Interrogation: when-the time,When is When was -In 2000 -in June -on Monday -at 1:30pm -before, after,Usag
14、e of Interrogation: who,Identification: male or female-who is that woman Relationship between the roles, characters-who are you Titles: cast, position, background, scenes-who is in charge of.,Usage of Interrogation: why-cause,Correct tense- why should I?. Being logical-how come?,Usage of Interrogati
15、on: which,Which - people - thing - place - time,Usage of Interrogation: How,“How” is similar to “What”: multiple usage -type, method -condition, situation, status Ex: how much; how many; how far; how long; how often; how old; how about; how fast; how is, how do; how soon -determiners: usually, twice
16、 a week, seldom,Usage of Interrogation: auxiliary,Can (Could) you Will (would) you Shall (should) I Are (am) (is) (was) (were) May I,Usage of Interrogation: Have PP,Have + S + PP Has + S + PP Had + S + PP,Vowels distinction,feel, fill cup, cop color, collar pull, pool fool, full all, oil closing, cl
17、othes pilot, pirate bed, bad hill, heel ,Underlying meaning,A: speakers speed and intonation-what?; all right; Come on!; Here it is ! B: Be patient! Be attentive! Pay attention to the details -comparative, superlative adjective -asas; not soas -tricky word: board-bored; meat-meet; piece-peace; pray-
18、prey; principle-principal; flew-flu fair-fare,Confusion in content,Analysis of the main idea: Ex: M: I want to open a saving account F: Certainly. Please have a seat. Ill get some forms for you in a minute Q: What does the man want?,M: Id like to make a reservation W: Yes, how can I help you? M: Id
19、like a table for eight at six this evening. Will that be ok? W: Ok, I put it in the reservation book already. Please be on time. Q: What does the man want?,M: I heard Bob and Mary made up again yesterday. Q: What does the man mean?,Summary for Listening,Picture description: key word & 5H&1H Answer t
20、he question: listen the questions very carefully and make a correct judgment Short dialogue: speculate and make assumption,Objectives,Conversational situation Broadcast in the public Weather forecast report Commercials Products introduction Information desk Instructions,General Tips for Reading Comp
21、rehension,Vocabulary Building ACTIVE Reading Skills,Vocabulary Building,Word definitions: -A headword: spelling, meaning, and uses, ex: die (v); die (n)-hard metal with a design -singular or plural word: box-boxes; ox-oxen; phenomenon-phenomena -regular or irregular V past tense or past participle t
22、ense: spring-sprang-sprung; bear-bore-born; speak-spoke-spoken,A derivative: is a word formed by adding an affix -word or syllable placed in front of a word (called a prefix), ex: ab-sent: away; anti-social: against; pre-pare: before; co-operate: together; ex-it: out of; homo-sexual: the same -addin
23、g an ending to a headword (called a suffix), ex: astronom-er: person who carries out the action; strong-er; success-ful: full of; fashion-able: showing qualities of; govern-ment: result or means of an action,A compound: is a word formed by adding another word to a headword. It is written as one word
24、 (ex: nightdress); or as two words separated by a hyphen (ex: night-time); or as two separate words (ex: night life).,An Antonym: word that is contrary in meaning to another; word which is opposite in meaning -hotcold -easydifficult -succeedfail -truefalse One good way to increase your vocabulary,Th
25、esaurus(es): words and phrases grouped together according to similarities in their meanings Nuance: slight difference in meaning Synonym: word which is the same in meaning Semantics: study of meaning, relating to meaning in language,Ex: little -small; short; slight; petite; slender; dainty; tiny; we
26、e; miniature; diminutive; pint-sized; unimportant; insignificant; minor; trivial; trifling; petty; paltry; worthless; inconsequential; negligible;,Opinion: -view; belief; thought; standpoint; judgement; estimation; feeling; impression; notion; conviction; firm or assured belief Opponent: -opposition
27、; adversary; contestant; competitor; enemy; foe; contender; antagonist; struggle; fight; dispute; debate; argument,Imagine: -picture; visualize; see in your minds eye, envision; envisage; conjure up; assume; presume; expect; suppose; think; believe; take it; dare say; surmise; guess; conjecture; rec
28、kon; calculate; find out; figure out,An Idiom: is a phrase or sentence of two or more words that has a special meaning of its own. -a verb with a particle or a preposition Ex: go back; run away; run into; look after; tryon; lookup; fall behind (with something); go through something,Word Families: -N
29、oun -Adjective -Verb -Adverb It is helpful to learn words in the same family that form different parts of speech.,Inseparable two-word verbs: call on (a person); get along with (someone); put up (a person); wait on (a person) Separable two-word verbs: blow out (candles); bring up (a child); pick up
30、(a book); give up (a task),Spelling confused -adapt: adjust, get used to -adept: skilled in something -adopt: take somebody into ones family as a relation,Acquire: get; obtain; gain; buy Require: need; be in need of; call for; demand; necessitate; involve; entail Inquire: ask; investigate; question;
31、 query; research; look into; examine; explore; probe; study; scrutinize; make a detailed examination of,Beside: (preposition) at the side of; close to; compared with; beside the point= have nothing to do with; beside oneself=at the end of ones self-control Besides: -(adverb) moreover; also Ex: I don
32、t ; besides, its too -(prep) in addition to; as well as Ex: I have three other hats besides this.,snake: snack; vary: very window: widow quality: quantity praise: prize floor: flour gamble: gambol last: lest,moth: month harsh: hush Channel: channel ax: ox bat: bet beg: bag appear: appeal arise: arou
33、se,ACTIVE Reading Skills,ACTIVE: -Active Prior Knowledge -Cultivate Vocabulary -Teach (Learn) for Comprehension -Increase Reading Fluency -Verify Strategies -Evaluate Progress,Active Prior Knowledge,Activation of background knowledge: topic Elicit your prior knowledge, and generate interest in the t
34、opic, through use of visual prompts and questions,Cultivate Vocabulary,Vocabulary plays a crucial role The main reading passage: 1st paragraph Decipher new vocabulary as you encounter it Guess what,Teach (Learn) for Comprehension,Comprehending reading material Self-monitoring and awareness technique
35、s are applied to various task types such as analyzing, synthesizing, inferring, hypothesizing, and predicting,Increase Reading Fluency,Conscious development Reading speed and comprehension are key ingredients in building fluency,Verify Strategies,To be aware of: What does it mean? Why do they ask it
36、? To find out the “ Conjunction”-join other clause, words (ex: and, but, or) and “Disjunctive”-contrast between ideas (ex: eitheror; neithernor) Adverb-however, furthermore, in addition, eitheror,Evaluate Progress,Use Reading Rate Chart: such as 1 minute for 37 words1 min for 260 words Use Reading C
37、omprehension Chart: one chapter needs ? Minutes Through either verbal, thinking, or written discussion,More about Reading Skills,Scanning: move eyes very quickly across the text. We dont read every word or stop reading when we see a word we dont understand. We look for the info we want. Developing r
38、eading fluency: Learning to read faster AND comprehend more at the same time,Predicting: Make predictions before you read. Use what you know about the topic to guess what the reading will be about. Keeping on reading: Do not stop when you see a word you do not know. To get the general idea or “gist”
39、 of what you are reading.,Using Subtitles to predict content: to divide the reading passages into paragraphs that have subtitles, to use subtitles to predict some of the ideas that may be in the reading Dont need to look up words you do not know. Skimming is one way to look for the main ideas.,Keep
40、on reading to the end Focus on getting the general idea of what you are reading Read more fluently, you will be able to read more material. By reading more material, you will read more words-improve your vocabulary,Every para has a main idea. Often 1st or 2nd sentence of the para gives us the main i
41、dea Focus on the general idea of the reading, not on specific words Work on building your vocabulary all the time,Conclusion,Using -Predicting -Scanning -Skimming Every time you read can help you to improve your fluency,Summary for Reading,Vocabulary and Sentence patterns: quickly scan; catch the ke
42、y word; sex; tense; word form Cloze Test: read the context completely; tense; relationship between S the whole concept, gist, and main idea,Objectives,Read a short passage Read storybooks Private letter Advertisement (Commercials) DM, Fliers, Pamphlet, Bulletin, News, Instructions, Recommendations,
43、Manual, Announcement, Fax, Telegram, Memorandum, Itinerary,Summary for Writing,Tips: start, connect, relay, synthesize Sentence Structure: S+V; S+V+C; S+V+O; S+V+IO+DO; S+V+O+C Tense Correct word usage and Mechanical Punctuation State the facts precisely Be familiar with idioms and proverbs Practice
44、 English thinking process Impromptu speech,Objectives,Short sentences, Passages, and Report paper Such as: Postcard, Note, Notice, Congratulatory address, Fill in an application form Describe business, daily routine Resume,Analysis for a sentence structure,Painting is my hobby. I feel that I am a bo
45、rn painter. When I show pictures of my painting to my friends, they praise me for the skill displayed there, saying that they can hardly believe (that) they have been done by an amateur. Honestly, however, I sometimes wonder if they are trying to give me compliments.,10 sentence patterns,1. It is +A
46、+to V: that money is everything 2. S+believe +it +A+toV+N cl: policy known to everybody 3. There/Here is/are+N(S)+modifier: There are some stars seen in the sky. (a professor who discovered the law) 4. Adverb cl, Main cl: (although, while) 5. Compound sentence:,S+V+and(but,or, for ,so:You must work
47、hard or you will get punished. (;) (,) He has a good education; moreover, he is a genius. (therefore) 6. To+V, S+V: In order to improve 7. Participle, S+V: Having done his workUtterly exhausted, he cam back to 8. Ving, S+V: Before taking the test, ,9. Prep, S+V: With, In spite of, For the sake of: D
48、espite danger, 10. Adverb, S+V: Luckily, Certainly, UndoubtedlyAs a matter of fact, he has got an admission from an American university. Basically, men are different from women.,EX: Rush Hours,It is crowded everywhere in (subject sen) There are traffic jams (body) People ( ) are like packed sardines
49、(body) People can hardly get into the MRT(body) The traffic goes from bad to worse(body) We can hardly move in(conclusion),Wrong spelling (A big mistake),My father is a very impotent person. Everyone respects him a lot. Ill begin withFirst In general, Second, Third, Next, Then, At this point, As you know. Finally, In summary,