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1、,专,题,长 难 句,长难句理解之一 长难句的主要成分,2,Its not only the collected-from who are growing uncomfortable (and poor), but the collected-for feel uneasy receiving gifts from people who dont know them outside the office, who wouldnt even recognize their graduating children, their marrying daughters and sons, or the
2、ir dead relatives.,Any difficulties? Why?,-What made the sentence difficult to understand? -How can you deal with long and difficult sentences?,Words & expressions,structures,to make it shorter,4,Its not only the collected-from who are growing uncomfortable (and poor), but the collected-for feel une
3、asy receiving gifts from people who dont know them outside the office, who wouldnt even recognize their graduating children, their marrying daughters and sons, or their dead relatives.,Any difficulties? Why?,5,-How to make it shorter?,1.主语+谓语 2.主语+谓语+宾语 3.主语+系动词+表语 4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
4、,7,Exercise:,Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.,8,Exercise:,Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.,9,2) Many young people in the West are expected to leave what could be lifes most important d
5、ecisionmarriagealmost entirely to luck.,10,2) Many young people in the West are expected to leave what could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely to luck.,11,Exercise:,Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.,subject,Many young peo
6、ple in the West are expected to leave what could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely to luck.,object,conclusion:长难句的特点之一 主语(subject)或宾语(object)本身是由复杂成分构成的。,主语或宾语本身是有复杂成分构成的。 Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but _ takes a lot less .,14,主语或宾语本身是有复杂成分构成的。 (2012 东城二模) H
7、aving high level of confidence, after all, does not mean over-looking the places where you could improve. Knowing what you do well and where you need help will help you enjoy increased success and confidence. What message does the author want to convey in this paragraph? A. To overlook ones disadvan
8、tages. B. To make full use of ones advantages. C.To have great confidence in ones abilities. D.To make objective evaluations of ones abilities,15,Exercise 3: (08江苏A) The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new tech
9、nologies like computers and smart phone, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill.,16,主语或宾语本身是有复杂成分构成的。 Thinking: If the Subject or the object is very complex, how can know the basic meaning of the sentence very quickly?,Method:,Find the verb first,17,Part II 主语或宾语含有复杂修饰成分的句子。 【3
10、) In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders and delivering the product, mangers tend to become carried away.,18,Part II 主语或宾语含有复杂修饰成分的句子。 【3) In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders and delivering the product,
11、mangers tend to become carried away.,复杂修饰成分之一介词短语,19,Part II 主语或宾语含有复杂修饰成分的句子。 【3) Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, todays star, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine.,复杂修饰成分之二 Ving短语(非谓语 ),20,Part II 主语或宾语含有复杂修饰成分的句子。 【3) Although being famous
12、might sound like a dream come true, todays star, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine.,复杂修饰成分之二 Ving短语(非谓语 ),21,Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, to help r
13、educe unemployment pressures . (2009 江苏),介词短语,时间状语,介词短语,同位语,过去分词做定语,定语,不定式做状语,Schools are expected to hire college graduates,复杂修饰成分之二 to do短语(非谓语 ),22,Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism （语言决定论）which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind.,23,Whorf came
14、 to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism （语言决定论）which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind.,24,Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism （语言决定论）which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind.,复杂修饰成分之三 从句,25,Conclusion:,Method:
15、先理清主要结构，再分析其它修饰 成分，以及它们和逻辑主语之间的关系。,Summary: 长句中修饰成分有非谓语动词， 介词短语和从句。,( First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century), the theory had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, (including a French woman scientist)( who made a major advance in working
16、 out the problem,) and (who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.),27,Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic(悲观主义者) about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future. “Seeing a dark
17、 future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.,28,Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else . An essential part of listening well is the rule known as bracketing . Bracketing include
18、s the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires , to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside , stepping into his or her shoes .,29,Other structure of difficult sentences:,平行并列结构 比较级 否定词 插入语 特殊句型(如 倒装、强调、省略。),30,Part III : 并列成分之一简单句中某些成分的并列,The
19、action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earths space Decision thinking is not unlike poker - it often matters not only w
20、hat you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks being opened and closed, and lessons repeated at the top of the childrens voice could be heard out in the street. 介词短语并列：And that government of the peop
21、le, by the people and for the people shall not perish/disappear from the earth.,31,Part III : 并列成分之一简单句中某些成分的并列,The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than b
22、uilding up is a good way to use the earths space Decision thinking is not unlike poker - it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks being opened and closed, and lessons
23、 repeated at the top of the childrens voices could be heard out in the street. And that government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish/disappear from the earth.介词短语并列,32,1）划出并列连词。 常用的有(and、not onlybut also、as well as等)或选择关系的连词(rather than、or、other than, instead, instead
24、of， notbut)等)将句子变长。 2）总结【方法】：找并列连词，如无，则找相似、结构相同的并列项。,Part III : 并列成分之一简单句中某些成分的并列,33,2012高考北京卷阅读A篇长句： In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and
25、 how these operations can be used practically. (2005Textl) Whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.,Part III : 并列成分之二 从句并列,34,1） 划出并列连接成分。 2）做出简单的结构图。 A.why In addition to - students discover B.how C. how 【方法】 标记时要先找到并列词，给并列词加方框；然后再找并列项，给并列项加下划线。,Part III : 并列成分之二 从句并列,