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1、 为了帮助大家高效备考托福， 为大家带来托福 TPO29 阅读 Passage1 原文文本+题目+答案 解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 Characteristics of Roman Pottery The pottery of ancient Romans is remarkablein several ways.The high quality of Roman potteryis very easy to appreciate when handling actualpieces of tableware or indeed kitchenware andamphorae(the la
2、rge jars used throughout the Mediterranean for the transport and storage ofliquids,such as wine and oil).However,it is impossible to do justice to Roman wares on thepage,even when words can be backed up by photographs and drawing.Most Roman pottery islight and smooth to touch and very tough,although
3、,like all pottery,it shatters if dropped ona hard surface.It is generally made with carefully selected and purified clay,worked to thin-walled and standardized shapes on a fast wheel and fired in a kiln(pottery oven)capable ofensuring a consistent finish.With handmade pottery,inevitably there are sl
4、ight differencesbetween individual vessels of the same design and occasional minor blemishes(flaws).Butwhat strikes the eye and the touch most immediately and most powerfully with Roman potteryis its consistent high quality. 古罗马的陶器在诸多方面成就惊人。 当把玩古罗马陶制餐具或厨房用具和双耳陶罐(遍及 整个地中海地区用以运输或储存酒或油之类液体的大型陶罐)时， 人们对其
5、良好的质量赞不绝 口。尽管有照片和画像的记录，却无法轻易的对罗马陶器做出公正评价。绝大部分罗马陶器 都很轻很光滑也很坚韧，尽管，像所有陶器一样，当撞到坚硬地面时也容易破碎。它们一般 由精心筛选和净化后的粘土在快速旋转的圆盘上制成壁薄而形状标准的坯子，然后放入陶器 窑中烧结，并确保一气呵成。由于是手工制作，同一型号的陶器难免有微小差别和瑕疵。但 罗马陶器让人瞠目结舌的最直接最有力的是它那一以贯之的高质量。 This is not just an aesthetic consideration but also a practical one.These vessels aresolid(brit
6、tle,but not fragile),they are pleasant and easy to handle(being light andsmooth),and,with their hard and sometimes glossy(smooth and shiny)surfaces,they holdliquids well and are easy to wash.Furthermore,their regular and standardized shapes wouldhave made them simple to stack and store.When people t
7、oday are shown a very ordinaryRoman pot and,in particular,are allowed to handle it,they often comment on how modernit looks and feels,and they need to be convinced of its true age. 这不仅是审美的考虑也有实用之处。这些容器都很坚硬(脆却并不易碎)，很优雅也很好 用(质轻而光滑)，其表面坚硬而有时带有光泽。它们很适合盛放液体也很易清洁。而且，它 们形状规则且标准，极易堆放储藏。当将这些陶器展示给今天的人们，并允许他们把
8、玩时， 他们常常认为其形状和手感如此现代以至于很难相信其实际年龄。 As impressive as the quality of Roman pottery is its sheer massive quantity.Whenconsidering quantities,we would ideally like to have some estimates for overall productionfrom particular sites of pottery manufacture and for overall consumption at specificsettlements.
9、Unfortunately,it is in the nature of the archaeological evidence,which is almostinvariable only a sample of what once existed,that such figures will always be elusive.However,no one who has ever worked in the field would question the abundance of Romanpottery,particularly in the Mediterranean region
10、.This abundance is notable in Romansettlements(especially urban sites)where the labor that archaeologists have to put into thewashing and sorting of potsherds(fragments of pottery)constitutes a high proportion of thetotal work during the initial phases of excavation. 和其高质量一样让人印象深刻的是罗马陶器的巨大的数量。当确定数量时
11、，我们常喜欢 去评估某一陶器生产地点生产陶器的总量以及某地居民对陶器的消费总量。不幸的是，考古 证据本质上只能是历史存在的一个样本，因而由此得到的数据并不可靠。但是，那些曾经在 现场工作过的人绝不会怀疑罗马陶器的数量，尤其是在地中海地区。陶器数量的罗马人聚集 区(尤其是城市遗址)家喻户晓。在那些遗址上考古学家们在挖掘的第一阶段不得不花费很大 比例的劳动力去清洗和整理陶器碎片。 Only rarely can we derive any“ real” quantities from deposits of broken pots.However,there is one exceptional
12、dump,which does represent a very large part of the sites totalhistory of consumption and for which an estimate of quantity has been produced.On the leftbank of the Tiber River in Rome,by one of the river ports of the ancient city,is a substantialhill some 50 meters high called Monte Testaccio.It is
13、made up entirely of broken oil amphorae,mainly of the second and third centuries A.D.It has been estimated that Monte Testacciocontains the remains of some 53 million amphorae,in which around 6,000million liters of oilwere imported into the city from overseas,imports into imperial Rome were supporte
14、d by thefull might of the state and were therefore quite exceptionalbut the size of the operations atMonte Testaccio,and the productivity and complexity that lay behind them,nonethelesscannot fail to impress.This was a society with similarities to modern onemoving goods on agigantic scale,manufactur
15、ing high-quality containers to do so,and occasionally,as here,even discarding them on delivery. 从陶罐碎片堆中我们很难推算出真正的数量。但也有例外。有一处遗址出土的陶器代表 了其曾经的陶器消费的很大一部分，因此可以据此推测出其数量。罗马第伯尔河左岸上一座 古代城市码头的旁边有一座约 50 米高的大山， 叫做 Monte Testaccio.该山全部由公元二到三 世纪的油罐碎片组成。据估计，Monte Testaccio 山上约有 5300 万只油罐并由此从海外进口 了约 6 亿升的油。向罗马帝国的进
16、口由国家全力支持，因此也非常例外-但是 Monte Testaccio 的制作规模及其背后的生产力和复杂性却绝对不容忽视。 Roman pottery was transported not only in large quantities but also over substantialdistances.Many Roman pots,in particular amphorae and the fine wares designed for use attables,could travel hundreds of milesall over the Mediterranean and
17、 also further afield.Butmaps that show the various spots where Roman pottery of a particular type has been foundtell only part of the story.What is more significant than any geographical spread is the accessthat different levels of society had to good-quality products.In all but the remotest regions
18、 ofthe empire,Roman pottery of a high standard is common at the sites of humble villages andisolated farmsteads 罗马陶器不仅运输数量庞大而且其运输距离遥远。很多罗马陶罐，尤其是双耳陶罐和桌 上餐具可能被运输了几百英里-遍及整个地中海乃至更远。但是显示各种罗马陶器出土地 点的地图只是故事的一部分。比地理上的广阔分布更重要的是社会的不同阶层都能够使用这 种高质量的陶罐。在帝国的几乎所有的偏远地区，高质量的罗马陶器在其最凋敝的村庄和偏 远田野中都随处可见。 托福阅读试题 1.Paragra
19、ph 1 indicates which of the following about Roman pottery? A.Roman amphorae were of much higher quality overall than other Roman pottery. B.Roman pottery can best be appreciated when actual pieces are handled. C.Roman pottery declined slightly in quality when the use of fast wheels and kilns was int
20、roduced. D.Roman practical tableware spread more rapidly across the Mediterranean than amphorae did. 1.对应原文第二句。A 原文并没有对 amphorae 和 pottery 的比较。C 原文提到了快速转 轮和烧窑的使用，但并没说因此陶器质量就下降了。D 提到了陶器在 Mediterranean 的广泛 使用，但是没有种类间的比较。 2.All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 1 as characteristics of Roman p
21、ottery EXCEPT A.It was usually made with high-quality clay. B.It generally did not weigh much. C.It did not break as easily as other ancient pottery. D.It sometimes had imperfections. 2.只有 C 和原文的描写冲突。 3.According to paragraph 2,which of the following is NOT true of Roman vessels? A.They were good co
22、ntainers for liquids. B.Their shapes allowed for easy stacking and storing. C.They sometimes had shiny surfaces. D.Their true age is immediately apparent. 3.四个选项分别对应红色标记部分。D 选项对应的最后一句和原文矛盾，原文说一眼看 上去这个 pot 是非常现代化的。但实际很古老了。因此 its true age 并不明显。D 错误。 4.The author mentions the work of archaeologists in
23、paragraph 3 in order to A.support the idea that pottery was produced in large quantities by the Romans. B.illustrate how hard it is for archaeologists to find complete pieces of Roman pottery. C.contrast archaeological sites in Roman urban areas with other sites in the Mediterranean. D.explain why t
24、he quantities of pottery found vary significantly from one site to another. 4.这一段的主题就是第一句，强调了 massive quantity。因此后面提到 work of archaelogists 也是为了支持这个主题。因此选 A。 5.The word“substantial“in the passage(paragraph 4)is closest in meaning to A.protected. B.man-made. C.large. D.famous. 5.Substantial 是大量的，实质的等
25、意。A 是保护的;B 是人工的;D 是著名的。只有 C 是 大的。所以选择 C。而且这里也描述了 50 meters high 也是描述了它的大小。所以应选择与 大小有关的。 6.According to paragraph 4,Monte Testaccio is particularly important forarchaeologists because archaeologists were able to A.conclude how amphorae manufacturing increased rapidly after the second century A.D B.fi
26、nd the locations where most of the amphorae in the Roman Empire were produced. C.obtain relatively accurate calculations of the quantities of amphorae used over time in that place. D.discover that the Roman state had supported amphorae production. 6.这里介绍 Monte Testaccil 是在支持本段的论点。回到原文这段的第一句可以看到原 文说“
27、很难通过 broken pot 来确定那个时期的 pot 产量， 而 Monte Testaccil 确实个例外。 所 以也就是说可以通过这个 dump 遗址得到当时的 quantities。选 C 7.The word“entirely“in the passage(paragraph 4)is closest in meaning to A.apparently. B.completely. C.basically. D.mostly. 7.Entirely 是完全的，整个的。A 是明显的，B 是完全的，C 是基本的，D 是大部分的。 这里 B 最符合。 8.Paragraph 4 ind
28、icates which of the following about the port on the Tiber River near Monte Testaccio? A.It was built around the third century A.D B.It was close to areas where large quantities of oil were produced. C.It was in use only for a very short period of time. D.It had impressive level of commercial activit
29、y. 8.根据 Tiber River 定位，看到后面的描述说 around 6000 million liters of oil were imported into city form oversea。 那么也就是说当时的进出口贸易非常繁华。 对应答案 D。 9.The statement in paragraph 4 that amphorae delivered to the port near Monte Testaccio were occasionally discarded support which of the following? A.Traders at the por
30、t were often careless. B.The quality of the amphorae used at the port was not very good. C.The scale of the trade made it possible to waste quality amphorae sometimes. D.The importing of oil from overseas gradually declined,reducing the need for pottery containers. 9.根据原文 discarded 定位到原文最后一句。 如同现代工业
31、社会一样， 大量生产和需求， 但是背后的生产力并不能满足之类的。所以在运送的时候也是如此。有时大量运送就难免会 有打碎的。因此选择 C。A 原文没提到;B 原文也没说，而且前文一直在说 pot 都是 high quality 的。D 这里也没说到 oil 和 pottery 的关系。 10.The statement that“maps show the various spots where Roman pottery of aparticular type has been found tell only part of the story“makes the point that A.m
32、aps indicate where specific pottery styles have been found,but they do not indicate where these styles originated. B.maps show the geographical spread of Roman pottery but not the people who had access to it. C.maps do not usually include pottery styles found in the remotest regions the Roman Empire
33、. D.archaeologist studying Roman pottery need to use a range of techniques in their investigations. 10.这里说 Map 只是 tell part of the story，那么证明能得到 roman pottery 的不仅 是 map 描画的范围，应该会有更大的范围;从而来支持这一段的中心句，over substantial distances。A 选项错误，styles 是从罗马来的。C，D 跟原文也没关系。而 B 符合，说 maps 在一定程度上说明了罗马陶器的地理散播，但并不是所有能得到
34、陶器的人。 11.The word“humble“in the passage is closest in meaning to A.rural. B.distant. C.ancient. D.modest. 11.Humble 谦虚的，简陋的。也可以通过 and 的并列形式推断词义，后面是 isolated， 与世隔绝的，那么也可以引申为，偏远的，落后的。所以 humble 应该是相近的意思。此处 A 是干扰项，乡村的，田园的。但是少了简陋那层意思。用 D 最合适。 12.The word“particular“in the passage is closest in meaning to
35、 A.specific. B.common. C.ancient. D.superior. 12.Particular 特别的， 特指的。 A 是特别的， 符合原文意思。 这里也说得是什么的类型。 可以依照上文推断。B 是常见的，C 是原始的，D 是先进的。 13.Look at the four squaresthat indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit?That is because residents of a city
36、did not usually discard used pottery at the same site over a long period of time. 【 A】 Only rarely can we derive any“real“quantities from deposits of brokenpots.【B】However,there is one exceptional dump,which does represent a very large part of the sites total history of consumption and for which an
37、estimate of quantity has been produced.【C】On the left bank of the Tiber River in Rome,by one of the river ports of the ancient city,is a substantial hill some 50 meters high called Monte Testaccio.【D】It is made up entirely of broken oil amphorae,mainly of the second and third centuries A.D.It has be
38、en estimated that Monte Testaccio contains the remains of some 53 million amphorae,in which around 6,000 million liters of oil were imported into the city from overseas,imports into imperial Rome were supported by the full might of the state and were therefore quite exceptional-but the size of the o
39、perations at Monte Testaccio,and the productivity and complexity that lay behind them,nonetheless cannot fail to impress.This was a society with similarities to modernone-moving goods on a gigantic scal,manufacturing high-quality containers to do so,and occasionally,as here,even discarding them on d
40、elivery. 13.这里要插入的句子中出现了 that is because， 那么 that 肯定是指代了前文的某个现 象，然后用要插入的这句话进行解释。句子第一句说，很少有遗址可以表明这种陶器的产量， 第二局说但是有一个例外。那么应该是先解释原因，再说例外的情况。That 指代的就是第一 句话描述的现象。因此插入第二个空。 14.Directions:An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.Complete the summary by selecting the THR
41、EE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.This question is worth 2 points. The pottery of the ancient RomanEmpire is remarkable.
42、 A.Roman pottery is considered to be practical and of consistently high quality. B.Roman pottery was transported over long distances,and different levels of society had access to quality pottery. C.Archaeologists looking for the remains of Roman pottery concentrate on urban sites because that is whe
43、re the oldest pieces of kitchenware and amphorae have been found. D.Even though the exact quantity of pottery produced by the Romans is almost impossible to calculate,it is certain that is was produced in large quantities. E.People are not familiar with the whole range of pottery of Romans created b
44、ecause most of the available pieces represent only a limited number of styles and shapes. F.It is still unclear to archaeologists what the role of the Roman state in the commercial success of Roman pottery was. 14.A、B 正确，对应文章第一段和第二段，第一段重点说 high quality，第二段说不仅 是审美考虑也是 practical 的。E 正确，对于原文最后一段。 以上是给大家整理的托福 TPO29 阅读 Passage1 原文文本+题目+答案解析， 希望对你有所 帮助!