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1、河南省淮阳一高 王清华 2010.8,词汇朗读,单词讲解,1. calculate: perform a mathematical process; figure:,calculate the cost of sth/how much sth will cost 计算某事物的费用 calculate the area of a circle,2. PDA,PDA是Personal Digital Assistant的缩写，字面意思是“个人数字助理”。 这种手持设备集中了计算，电话，传真，和网络等多种功能。它不仅可用来管理个人信息（如通讯录，计划等），更重要的是可以上网浏览，收发Email，可以
2、发传真，甚至还可以当作手机来用。尤为重要的是，这些功能都可以通过无线方式实现。,3. analytical: separating something into component parts or constituent elements,I use an anammaralytical approach to every English grammar. A teacher can encourage children to think analytically. analyze the sample and identify it 分析样品进行鉴定 chemical analysis化学
3、分析,4. universal,a rule一般的法则 a truth普遍真理 a human weakness普遍都有的人性弱点 agreement全体一致的同意 brother hood四海之内皆兄弟的信念 a language世界通用语言,世界语 time万国标准时间 The rules do not apply universally. 这些规则并非放诸四海而皆准.,5. simplify: make (sth) easy to do or understand; make simple,simplify the instructions so that children can un
4、derstand them 简化指示便於儿童理解 simplified edition简化版 beautify; justify;classify,6. sum,1. 总数,总和,总计the S(+of) She paid the sum of $200 for dresses. 2.金额;一笔(+of) He earned a large sum of money. to sum up总括地说,简言之,7. logical: based on reason,a logical conclusion 合逻辑的结论 It is logical to take cautious measures.
5、 = reasonable His argument seems .他的论据似乎有道理 合逻辑 Her ideas were clear and logically presented.,8. technology: The application of science, especially to industrial or commercial objectives,technique （尤指艺术或科学方面的）技法, 手法, 技巧。 technology含义比technique广泛，泛指生产工艺、科学技术。 writing techniques写作技巧 recent advances in
6、 medical technology 医疗技术的新进展 a major technological breakthrough 主要的技术性突破,9. revolution ：overthrow of a system of government, esp by force,In politics, evolution is better than revolution. 从政治方面来说, 演变比革命好. complete change of method, conditions, etc 彻底改变, 重大变革: Credit cards have brought about a revolu
7、tion in peoples spending habits. 信用卡的使用给人们的消费习惯带来巨大改变. Computers have and will continue to ize the transfer of information.,10. artificial: made by man in imitation of sth natural;,artificial 指模仿天然材料由人工制造的东西，侧重真伪对比。 false 指因缺失而补上的替代物，有时也指伪装的。 man-made 指完全用人工制造，不含仿造和真伪对比的意味。 artificial flowers, light
8、, limbs假花 人造光 义肢 Her artificial manner made me sick. 她那装腔作势的样子令我恶心。,11. intelligence: power of learning, understanding and reasoning,a person of high, great, average, little, low intelligence 智力高的 有智慧的 智力中等的 无头脑的 智能低下的人 an intelligent child 聪明的孩子 Use your intelligence, and youre sure to achieve some
9、thing.“ artificial intelligence人工智能 Diligence makes up for a lack of intelligence.,13. personal,personal 指属于或关于某人或某些特定的人，以区别于其他人。 private 指属于私人所有或具有私营性质，以区别于集体或公共的，有时含不公开的意味。 individual 与集体的相对，指个别或个体的。 personal affairs私事 It is difficult for a teacher to give individual attention to children in a lar
10、ge class. 教师在人数多的班上很难对各个学生都照顾到.,14. transistor ：small electronic device used in radios, televisions, etc for controlling an electrical signal as it passes along a circuit 晶体管.,16. total: complete; entire,total 指总量之大，强调每一构成部分或成分均被计算在内。 sum 指两个或更多的数目相加的总和。 whole 着重其中没有部分或成分被忽略不计。 total silence 寂静无声 Th
11、ats total nonsense! 那是一派胡言! The firm made a total profit of 200000. 利润总额达200000英镑. a total waste of time 纯粹浪费时间.,17. application: 【U】 written request 【C】 instance of this,Keys are available on application to the principal. 向校长申请就可得到钥匙. a letter of application Ive sent off applications for four diffe
12、rent jobs. a specific use to which something is put: the application of science to industry.,apply to sb for sth: make a formal request 申请; 请求: apply for a job, post, passport申请工作 职位 护照 make use of something He wants a job in which he can apply his foreign languages. to devote (oneself or ones effor
13、ts) to something: applied myself to my studies. to be relevant:适用于 The rule applies to everyone.,18. finance: U management of (esp public) money 财务的管理; （尤指）财政:,an expert in finance 财务专家 provide money for (a project, etc); fund 为（某计划等）提供资金, 提供款项: Our project is adequately financed. 我们的工程资金充足。 financi
14、al difficulties财政困难 financial affairs财务 be financially dependent on ones parents.,19. mobile: easy to move and use in different places:,a mobile telephone Many say America is a mobile society. a mobile library 流动图书馆 a mobile missile可移动的导弹系统; 机动导弹 I prefer the mobility of a hand-held camera.,20. rock
15、et ：firework or similar device that shoots into the air when lit and then explodes,increase very rapidly 迅速增加: Unemployment levels have rocketed (to new heights). 失业率猛然上升（到新的水平）. House prices are rocketing (up). 房价在飞涨. He rocketed to stardom overnight. 他转瞬间成了明星,20. explore: travel in for the purpose
16、 of discovery,exploring outer space. We explored several solutions to the problem. 我们探讨了几种解决该问题的方法. Can you explore the market possibility for us? 您能为我们考察一下市场前景吗？,21. anyhow,无论如何, 不管怎样 It may rain, but anyhow I shall go out.但无论如何我要出门。 Anyhow I must finish this job today.无论如何,我今天要完成这件事。 （用来表示更换话题） Jo
17、hns a good guy. Well anyhow, I left Mexico the next morning. somehow莫名其妙地；不知何故 Somehow I dont like him.,22. signal: gesture, sound, etc that conveys a message, command,symbol 指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。 sign 普通用词，指人们公认事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。 signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。 mark 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指方便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于他事物的
18、特征。 a signal made with a red flag 用红旗打出的信号 traffic signals交通信号,23. in a way,1to a certain extent/degree, somewhat 在某种程度上；有几分 Your composition is well done in a way 你的作文在某种程度上写得很成功。 2.in some respect/aspect 就一方面而论；从一方面看 *In a way it is an important book从某一方面来说，这是本重要的 书。,24. arise: come into being; be
19、gin to exist,Then arose the question who was the first to make it to the top. A new difficulty has arisen. 出现了新困难. Use this money when the need arises. 有需要时就使用这笔钱. A storm arose during the night. 夜间起风暴了. arise from: result from 由引起: The problems arose from the lack of communication,25. character (个人
20、、国民的) 性格,性情; 人格,品性,character, personality, nature all signify a feature that distinguishes or identifies someone character 在道德、伦理方面的个人性质 personality 行为、思考、感情上的特征 quality:excellence 优质; 优点 nature 指天生的、不可改变性格。,have a strong personality(=character)性格坚强 have a very outgoing personality 性格外向 Military ser
21、vice is character-building. 服兵役能陶冶情操. a weak character 个性软弱; fine /mean character品行高尚 /卑劣 He possesses the quality of inspiring confidence leadership qualities Its his nature (ie Its his natural reaction)to be kind to people. 他为人厚道,26. watch over =watch：guard for protection or safekeeping 监视；保护；看守,A
22、n expert swimmer is employed to watch over other swimmers at the swimming pool. 一位游泳专家受雇照看其他的游泳者 The farmers there use specially trained dogs to watch over their sheep at night,27. spoil糟蹋;搞糟宠坏,溺爱（食物等)变坏,腐败,Too many cooks spoil the broth人多反倒误事 Spare the rod and spoil the child孩子不打不成器 Our holidays ar
23、e spoilt by bad weather 因天气坏而使人扫兴的假期 Some kinds of food soon spoil. 有些食物易变质.,课文理解,Whats next?,the second generation (1956-1963),the third generation (1964-1971),the fourth generation (1971- ),The first generation (1945-1956),课文语言,1. Over time I have been changed quite a lot.,Over time：久而久之；随着时间的推移 在
24、冬天水可以变成冰。 In winter water can change into ice. 经过冷却水可以变成冰。 By cooling water can be changed into ice.,2. After I was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes, I could “think” logically and,program：provide (a computer) with a set of instructions for solving a problem or processing data Plea
25、se program the computer to do the job instead of manual operation,3. In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.,I am made to work 12 hours a day. Your father was seen to go upstairs.,4. The
26、se changes only became possible as my memory improved.,Only as my memory improved did these changes become possible,5. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told!,He loves English so much that he cant tear himself away from any English
27、book. = to such a degree that,6. Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.,Nowadays computers have found wide application.,7. I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race!,I am happy that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race!,课文朗读,课后作业,