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1、论文的基本结构及其作用 对各部分的要求,How to prepare a good manuscript Construction,The general structure of a full article Title Abstract Keywords Main text (IMRAD) Introduction Methods Results And Discussions Acknowledgement References Supplementary material,Make them easy for indexing and searching! (informative,
2、effective),Journal space is precious. Make the article as concise as possible. Use as few words as necessary.,How to prepare a good manuscript Construction,Start writing in the following order : Methods, Results and Discussion Conclusions and Introduction Abstract and title,Write Results and Discuss
3、ion before the Introduction. If the discussion is insufficient, how can you then describe the importance of your work in the Introduction?,How to prepare a good manuscript Title,Each section has a definite purpose 1. Title: What is the main topic of the paper? The title should attract the attention
4、of the reader. Readers are potential authors, who may cite your article. The title should be informative and concise to attract as wide a readership as possible. Avoid technical jargon and abbreviations. Discuss the title with your co-authors.,How to prepare a good manuscript Title,Original Prelimin
5、ary observations on the effect of Zn element on anticorrosion of zinc plating layer,Revised Effect of Zn on anticorrosion of zinc plating layer,Remarks Long title distracts readers. Remove all redundancies such as “studies on”, “the nature of”, etc.,How to prepare a good manuscript Abstract,2. Abstr
6、act: Tell the reader what you did and what the important findings are This is the advertisement of your article. Make it interesting, and easy to understand (avoid uncommon abbreviations). Be accurate! Choose your words carefully. A clear abstract will arouse the interest of the reader. Keep it as B
7、RIEF as possible!,A good abstract: Is precise and honest Can stand alone Uses no technical jargon Is brief and specific Cites no references,The quality of an abstract will strongly influence the editors decision,The abstract: the advertisement of your article,How to prepare a good manuscript Keyword
8、s,3. Keywords are used for indexing. Use words which convey a specific meaning, avoid generalisations. Use abbreviations only when established in the field (XRD, NMR, IR, UV-Vis). Check the Guide for Authors!,How to prepare a good manuscript Introduction,4. The Introduction should convince readers t
9、hat you know why your work is important. What is the problem? Are there existing solutions? Which is the best? What is its main limitation? What do you hope to achieve? Introduce the main publications on which your work is based. Cite recent review articles, but also mention the original, important
10、publications. Do not cite publications, or your own publications, unless they are relevant.,How to prepare a good manuscript Introduction,Pay attention to the following: You want to present your new data, but you must put them into perspective first. Be brief, it is not a history lesson. The introdu
11、ction in a Letter is even shorter. Do not mix introduction, results, discussion, and conclusion. Keep them separate. Do not overuse expressions such as “novel”, “first time”, “first ever”.,How to prepare a good manuscript Methods,5. Methods: How did you study the problem? Give complete, detailed inf
12、ormation, so that a knowledgeable reader can reproduce the experiment. Use references and Supporting Materials to indicate previously published procedures. Do not repeat the details of established methods; a summary is sufficient.,How to prepare a good manuscript Results,“A figure is worth a thousan
13、d words” Figures and tables are the most efficient way to present results. Your data are the driving force of the paper. Therefore, your illustrations are critical!,How to prepare a good manuscript Results,Tables give the quantitative experimental results. Graphs present a qualitative comparison of
14、your results with those of previous authors or with theoretical values. Figures should not duplicate the information described in the tables or in the text. Use bar diagrams sparingly, reserve them for oral presentations.,How to prepare a good manuscript Results,Illustrations should be used for ESSE
15、NTIAL data only. Comment from an Editor: Describe the results of Fig. 13 in the text. This figure does not give much information. Space is valuable! The legend to a figure should be brief but should contain sufficient information to make the figure self-explanatory. Readers often look at the figures
16、 first. Therefore, they should be clear and informative.,How to prepare a good manuscript Results,Appearance counts! Do not crowd the plots: 3 or 4 data sets per figure; appropriate scales; size of axis lables; clear symbols; easy discrimination of data sets. The scale must be placed in the corner o
17、f each photograph. Use colour ONLY when necessary. Otherwise, use different types of lines (solid, dotted, broken) and symbols to show differences. Do not include long boring tables!,How to prepare a good manuscript Results,Example of a poor figure with unnecessary use of colour,How to prepare a goo
18、d manuscript Results,Type of attack Classical (%) Pop (%) Jazz (%),Echo addition 0 0.10 0.27,Noise addition 1.20 1.42 1.60,Band equalization 2.31 2.50 2.73,How to prepare a good manuscript Discussion,7. Discussion What do the results mean? It is the most important section of your article. Here you c
19、an SELL your data! A weak Discussion will lead to rejection. The discussion should explain what the results mean. Do not repeat the results. Compare published results with your results. DO NOT ignore work that reports findings that differ from yours.,How to prepare a good manuscript Discussion,Pay a
20、ttention to : Statements which are not supported by the results. Vague expressions such as “higher temperature”, “at a lower rate”. Quantitative descriptions are preferred. Avoid abrupt introduction of new terms or ideas. You can propose interpretations, but they must be based on facts, rather than
21、imagination.,How to prepare a good manuscript Discussion,Ask colleagues to read the Results and the Discussion before you continue! Check the organization of your paper, the number and quality of illustrations, the logic and the justification of your report. After you check the Results and the Discu
22、ssion, you may realize that further experiments are necessary.,How to prepare a good manuscript Conclusion,8. Conclusions. How does the work advance knowledge in the field? Reviewers will find it difficult to judge the work and make a recommendation if the conclusions are weak. Do not repeat the abs
23、tract, list experimental results, or make trivial statements about your results in the Conclusion section. Provide a clear justification for your work, indicate its importance and, if appropriate, how it could be continued.,How to prepare a good manuscript References,9. References are a frequent sou
24、rce of error. Cite the main scientific publications, on which your work is based. Do not cite too many references. This does not make a better manuscript! Avoid excessive self-citation. Avoid excessive citations of publications from the same region.,How to prepare a good manuscript References,Adhere
25、 strictly to the style of references and citations as shown in the Guide for Authors! It is your responsibility, not of the Editor, to format references correctly! Check the spelling of author names, the year of publications, use of “et al.” and punctuation.,How to prepare a good manuscript Referenc
26、es,Comments of a frustrated editor: Your list of references is a total mess! Take a very careful look at articles in our journal and print your references accordingly. - Thus, do not use the word and between names of authors. - Do not put a comma after the name of the journal. - Never use et al. in
27、a reference; you MUST list all authors! - Do not give the last page of an article; the first page is sufficient.,Some special technical aspects of the manuscript,Length of the manuscript: 20-25 pages text is ideal. Title page Abstract 1 paragraph Introduction 1.5-2 pages Methods 2-4 pages Results an
28、d Discussion 10-12 pages Conclusions 1-2 pages Figures 6-8 Tables 1-3 References 20-50 papers Letters or short communications are limited in size; e.g., 3000 words and no more than 5 illustrations.,就提高论文质量曾有建议： 1) 参考文献 充分反映研究课题的现状 2) 引言 对研究背景、内容、工作的意义有实质性描述，把自己的研究工作放在国际背景下来介绍 3) 研究过程 给出研究过程重要环节的完整信息 4) 摘要 充分反映研究工作的创新性成果 参见：中国科技期刊研究，2010，21（6）：866-868,