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1、,人教版 高中英语 必修三 情态动词,Modal Verbs,情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义, 表示说话人的情绪, 态度或语气的动词。 不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 例如：We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？ Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？ You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。,can,May,Shall,must,情态动词的基本用法,情态动词无人称和数的变化, 后面接动词原形,否定式构
2、成是在情态动词后面加 “not”。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 但时态性不强, 过去式并不只是表示过去，也可用来更加客气、 委婉地表达现在甚至将来时间的情况。情态动词一般不能连用。 例如：He could be here soon. 他很快就来。,could,情态动词的基本特点,1）除ought和used外，情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如 果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有 情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式： We used to grow beautiful roses. I asked if he would come and
3、 repair my television set. 2）情态动词在谓语中总是位居最前面： They need not have been punished so severely. 3）情态动词没有数的变化： She dare not say what she thinks. 4）除be able to外，没有非限定形式，即没有不定式、分词和动 名词形式： Not being able to help her, he felt sorry. 5）情态动词的 “时”的形式不是时间区别的标志。在不少场合， 情态动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或 将来时间： Would you min
4、d very much if I ask you to do something? She told him he ought not to have done it. 6）情态动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个谓语动动词中 只能出现一个情态助动词： You should have washed the wound.,used to,would,need,dare,Would,ought to,should,具体特点,高考中的情态动词特点,(湖北卷完成句子题中07年2题， 08和09年未考),高考中的情态动词特点,Tom is strong. He can lift the heavy box.,
5、(physical ability),I can see Central Park from my apartment.,(used with verbs of senses),Having been taking lessons for years, Maria can play the piano.,(skill),At the hardware store you can buy a hammer.,(logical possibility),Tom is not up, but you can leave if your work is finished.,(permission) (
6、spoken),The police are doing all they can to find her.,Can we go home now, please?,(asking for permission),You cant be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! (08浙江),She cant have left school, for her bike is still here. (2008天津),My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where can I have put it? (07福建2
7、5),(doubt /deduction about possibility),(surprise at possibility),It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometime. (2008福建),can的主要用法,should 的主要用法,_,(对正确而明智的事情的建议),_,I dont care what people think. Well, you should. (09四川), Im sorry. I shouldnt have shouted at you the ot
8、her day. (2008江苏) Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.,Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? (07海南、宁夏27) It should be, but it is now heavily polluted.,My cats really fat. (07浙江15) You shouldnt have given her so much food.,Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautifu
9、l? It should be, but it is now heavily polluted. (07全国27),(正确而明智的做法本来应该是 什么但事实上没有这样做),(提出建议或征求意见 “该”),Turn off the TV, Jack. Shouldnt you be doing your homework now? Mum, just ten more minutes, please. (07辽宁30),What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There should be twelve. (09海南),(正确的数量或正确的方法
10、“应该是”),According to the air traffic rules, you should switch off your mobile phone before boarding. (08年上海卷),(表示命令或指示、要求),This printer is of good quality. If it should break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (09天津),(表示某事发生或出现的可能性“应该”不大“万一”),should 的主要用法,_,(对正确而明智的事情的建议),
11、_,I dont care what people think. Well, you should. (09四川), Im sorry. I shouldnt have shouted at you the other day. (2008江苏) Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.,Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? (07海南、宁夏27) It should be, but it is now heavily polluted.,My cats really fa
12、t. (07浙江15) You shouldnt have given her so much food.,Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It should be, but it is now heavily polluted. (07全国27),(正确而明智的做法本来应该是 什么但事实上没有这样做),(提出建议或征求意见 “该”),Turn off the TV, Jack. Shouldnt you be doing your homework now? Mum, just ten more minutes,
13、please. (07辽宁30),What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There should be twelve. (09海南),(正确的数量或正确的方法“应该是”),According to the air traffic rules, you should switch off your mobile phone before boarding. (08年上海卷),(表示命令或指示、要求),This printer is of good quality. If it should break down within the firs
14、t year, we would repair it at our expense. (09天津),(表示某事发生或出现的可能性“应该”不大“万一”),I cant leave. She told me that I must stay here until she comes back. (09全国2),In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you must take care of your luggage. (07北京26),(表说话人主观上认为因为必要/重要或法律或命令而“必须”),When I was young,
15、 I was told that I mustnt play with matches. (2008上海春招),(表按规则、规章不应该 “禁止”),(表示很有把握的主观推断“想必/准是/一定”),Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? She must be in the classroom. I saw her there just now. (09重庆),It must have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. (09上海), Its the office!
16、So you must know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. (09湖南),Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. Great! You must have read widely and put a lot of work into it. (07上海29),She looks very happy. She must have passed the exam. (07江苏22) I guess so. Its not difficult after all.,John, look at the
17、 time. Must you play the piano at such a late hour? (05年全国III 19),(口语中提醒听话人,告知你对他的行为不满, 译为“偏要/偏偏”),May I smoke here? (06山东30) If you must, choose a seat in the smoking section.,Could I have a word with you, mum? Oh dear, if you must. (06浙江19),(口语中告诉对方你不赞成其所进行的事但如对方坚持则允许),Who is the girl standing ove
18、r there? Well, if you must know, her name is Mabel. (04天津31),(口语中表示说话人认为对方不应该问某事),must 的主要用法,I cant leave. She told me that I must stay here until she comes back. (09全国2),In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you must take care of your luggage. (07北京26),(表说话人主观上认为因为必要/重要或法律或命令而“必须”),
19、When I was young, I was told that I mustnt play with matches. (2008上海春招),(表按规则、规章不应该 “禁止”),(表示很有把握的主观推断“想必/准是/一定”),Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? She must be in the classroom. I saw her there just now. (09重庆),It must have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. (09上海),
20、 Its the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. (09湖南),Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. Great! You must have read widely and put a lot of work into it. (07上海29),She looks very happy. She must have passed the exam. (07江苏22) I guess so. Its not difficult after all.,
21、John, look at the time. Must you play the piano at such a late hour? (05年全国III 19),(口语中提醒听话人,告知你对他的行为不满, 译为“偏要/偏偏”),May I smoke here? (06山东30) If you must, choose a seat in the smoking section.,Could I have a word with you, mum? Oh dear, if you must. (06浙江19),(口语中告诉对方你不赞成其所进行的事但如对方坚持则允许),Who is the
22、girl standing over there? Well, if you must know, her name is Mabel. (04天津31),(口语中表示说话人认为对方不应该问某事),must 的主要用法,表示能力的情态动词的用法,be able to 指在具体的困境中有能力做成某一事情。(= manage to) Because he worked hard, he was able to pass his examination. 因为他努力工作，所以他能及格。 与感官动词和believe, decide, remember, understand 以及“be +过去分词”连
23、用时用can / could: I cant decide where to go for my holidays.,表示“可能性”的情态动词的用法(表一),may,can,表可能性时，may不用于问句，而用could(nt), be likely或(正式)might： e. g. Could it be that you dont want to leave? Are you likely to be visiting Greece again this summer? Might they be persuaded to change their minds?,表示“可能性”的情态动词的用
24、法(表二),_ _ _ _,may / might not相当于汉语中的“可能不会”；而cant / couldnt相当于“不可能会”。,表示“可能性”的情态动词的用法(表三),表示可能性时说话人的把握程度,现在时肯定形式,现在时否定形式,_,_,_,_,过去时肯定形式,过去时否定形式,将来时肯定形式,(对可能性的推断),_,_,_,_,_,_,表示“可能性”的情态动词的用法(表四),表示“许可、 请求”的情态动词 (表一),表示“许可、请求”的情态动词(表二),表示“许可、 请求”的情态动词(表三),表示“应该”的情态动词的用法 (表一),表示“应该”的情态动词的用法(表二),表示“意愿、意
25、图”的情态动词的用法,can / could (表一),can,could,can / could (表一),can / could (表二),My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where can I have put it? (07福建25),You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You can find the book by the title. (2008湖南),It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be
26、rather cold sometime. (2008福建),She cant have left school, for her bike is still here. (2008天津),Peter can be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general. (2008辽宁),You cant be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! (08浙江),现在或将来较小的可能性或委婉,对过去的可能性的推测,Thank you for all you
27、r hard work last week. I dont think we could have managed it without you. (08山东),may,might,may,Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. You might have put it in the wrong place. (07江西27),Although this may sound like a simple task, great care is needed. (2008四川),Some people who don
28、t like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they may just be quiet people. (09安徽),Liza may well not want to go on the trip she hates traveling. (2008全国II),I cant find my purse anywhere. You may have lost it while shopping. (2008重庆),might,(08江西卷)What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he
29、 might have done better., Why isnt Tim here yet? It may/might/could be because his mother is ill again. There may/might/could be some cake left. Ill go and look. “Might” can suggest that there is less possibility, and “could” can suggest that we are giving an opinion about which we are unsure.,might
30、,表示过去本可能发生但实际上没发生的情况不能用can / may + have done， 必须用might / could + have done： If I hadnt come along at that moment, Jim might/could have been the one arrested instead of the real thief. The plan might/could easily have gone wrong, but in fact it was a great success.,will,would (表一),John promised his d
31、octor he would not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since. (2008北京卷),But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition. (09福建),would 与used to,若表示过去的反复行为，可用would和used to；但若表示现在不再存在的过去习惯则只能用used to ： We would / used to lend him money whe
32、n he was unemployed. Tim would / used to visit his parents every other weekend. 当该习惯为状态时只能用used to： The factory used to be in the city centre. I used to smoke heavily when I was at university.,would (表二),shall,What does the sign over there read? “No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, c
33、igar or pipe in this area.” (07四川24),should (表一),What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There should be twelve. (09海南),Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It should be, but it is now heavily polluted. (07全国27),My cats really fat. (07浙江15) You shouldnt have given her so much
34、 food.,According to the air traffic rules, you should switch off your mobile phone before boarding. (08年上海卷),Turn off the TV, Jack. Shouldnt you be doing your homework now? Mum, just ten more minutes, please. (07辽宁30),Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? (07海南、宁夏27) It should be, b
35、ut it is now heavily polluted.,I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I should have driven her there. (07陕西14), Im sorry. I shouldnt have shouted at you the other day. (2008江苏) Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.,I dont care what people think. Well, you should. (09四川),shou
36、ld (表二),This printer is of good quality. If it should break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (09天津),表示推测的用法 can, could, may, might, must 都可表示推测, 其用法如下： 1) “情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在状态或将来情况的推测： I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 2) “情态动词+不定式进行体”表示对现在(或将来)正进行的情况进行推测： At
37、 this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 这时, 我们老师想必在批改试卷。 3) “情态动词+不定式完成体”表示对过去发生或现在已发生的情况的推测： The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的, 昨天晚上一定下雨了。 We might have finished this work by the end of next December. 明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。 4) “情态动词+不定式完成进行体”表示对过去正在进行的情况的推测：
38、 Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。 对可能性进行推测时, 否定形式用cant, couldnt表示, 疑问形式用Can /Could表示： Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning. 迈克一定还没有找回他的车, 因为今天早上他是坐公汽来上班的。 注意：could, might用于推测时不一定指过去时间, 只表明其表示的可能 性比can, may小。,情态动词+ have +过去分词 1) may (might) + ha
39、ve done sth.和can (could) + have done sth. 用来对过去时间里可 能发生的事情进行推测： Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 2) must + have done sth. 用来对过去时间里可能发生的事情进行推测时语气肯 定, “必定“： Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. She must have gone by bus. 3) ought to have done sth.和 sho
40、uld have done sth. 表示“本应该做某事而事实上并 没有做”；其否定句则表示“过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了”： You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment. (事实上却不细心) He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上却已扔了) He should / ought to have asked me before he took my bike. (Im annoyed) We should / ought to have tak
41、en a taxi when it rained. (Im sorry we didnt) 表示对过去情况的期盼： If the flight was on time, he should / ought to have arrived in Jakarta early this morning. The builders should / ought to have finished by the end of the week. You should / ought to have caught a later train. 4) neednt have done sth. 表示“过去本没
42、必要做某事而实际上却做了”： I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I neednt have done so. The weather was hot. 5) would like to have done sth. 表示“过去本打算做某事而实际上却未做”： I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.,would rather have done表示对过去发生的事情的偏爱性选择,The biggest problem for most plants, which c
43、ant just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. (07湖南24),He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he could it differently. (09江苏),In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you must take care of your luggage. (07北京26),The teacher must have thought
44、 Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, I suppose. (07安徽23),She looks very happy. She must have passed the exam. (07江苏22) I guess so. Its not difficult after all.,Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. Great! You must have read widely and put a lot of work into it. (07上海29
45、),When I was young, I was told that I mustnt play with matches. (2008上海春招), Its the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. (09湖南),It must have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. (09上海),Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? She must be in the clas
46、sroom. I saw her there just now. (09重庆),I cant leave. She told me that I must stay here until she comes back. (09全国2),One of the few things you must say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. (09北京),Who is the girl standing over there? Well, if you must know,
47、her name is Mabel. (04天津31),John, look at the time. Must you play the piano at such a late hour? (05年全国III 19),May I smoke here? (06山东30) If you must, choose a seat in the smoking section.,Could I have a word with you, mum? Oh dear, if you must. (06浙江19),若表示外在的客观因素使得必须做某事则用have to。,In my opinion, li
48、fe in the twenty-first century is much easier than it used to be. (07安徽25) He believes that children should (ought to / must) be allowed to learn (study) at their own pace. (07湖北35) It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he may (might / could) have had a hand in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones. (07湖北40),1. Isnt that Anns husband over there? No, it _ be him. Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. (04全国I 29) A. cant B. must not C. wont