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1、中国学习者英语书面语和口语中 话语标记的使用情况,许家金 中国外语教育研究中心,The Use of Discourse Markers in Chinese EFL Learners Written and Spoken English,Xu Jiajin Beijing Foreign Studies University,3,4,QUESTION,CORPUS,RETRIVAL,INTERPRETAION,CL research process,5,Beads, necklace, and thread,Gestalt 格式塔 The whole is bigger than the
2、 sum of parts.,6,Beads, necklace, and thread,Gestalt 格式塔 The whole is bigger than the sum of parts.,7,Why discourse and why DMs?,Knowledge (language) Declarative vs procedural 陈述性知识 vs 程序性知识 What vs how,8,Why discourse and why DMs?,Referential vs relational 概念（客观的/抽象的） vs 关系,9,Lexical orality in NS
3、English speech,Step 01 Wordlist and keyword list generation ICE-GB-Spoken 600,000 words The entire BNC World 100 m words icespvsbnc.kws,英语口语的词汇特征,10,Lexical orality in NS English speech,Step 01 Wordlist and keyword list generation ICE-GB-Spoken 600,000 words The entire BNC World 100 m words icespvsb
4、nc.kws,英语口语的词汇特征,11,Lexical orality in NS English speech,Step 02 Collocational behavior of the key keywords in ICE-GB-Spoken Concord-file-based search-Compute-Cluster 1-3 word clusters DM search word (SW) list,英语口语的词汇特征,12,Taxonomy of DMs,Filled pause: Hesitation markers -cognitive constraints Attra
5、cting attention or starting a new topic Ending conversation 中国学生很不善于开启、延续话题方便的discourse技巧 老师教了Ive got to go now.,13,自然话语过程示意图,14,话语空间,话语空间,主体间空间,图1 话语标记在自然话语时间轴上的分布( )分别代表不同的话语标记,15,16,表1 话语标记的操作性定义,17,My version of DMs,Continuum perspective Cognitive constraints uh, um etc Interpersonal ties well,
6、you see Textual hinges or joints connectives,18,My version of DMs,Continuum perspective uh well/you see/I mean and/so/but,19,Discourse marker Search Words,Step 03 Plain text file of discourse markers Step 04 File-based search with discmark.txt in SECCL File-based search with discmark.txt in ICE-GB-S
7、poken,20,Contrastive study of DMs between SECCL and ICE-GB-SP,Step 05 Keywords or Chi-square test in SPSS Step 06 Interpretation and analysis Implications for pedagogy Touchstone I mean etc,21,A quick summary,Introducing DMs How DMs stand out of English speech,22,Other aspects of corpus-based discou
8、rse-pragmatic research,Expressions of gratitude Speech act Genre analysis Code-switching Repair Kennedy Page 176ff Discourse items,23,Other aspects of corpus-based discourse-pragmatic research,Information structure -Given-Accessible-New -Topic-Comment (B-S) Color metaphor (CA) Red Discourse management chunks Chinese learners translation of clausal relations Teachers prosody as a constructional element of classroom interaction,24,Thank you!,Discouse_NN1 marker_NN1 use_NN1 in_II Chinese_JJ learners_NN2 English_NN1,Xu Jiajin ,