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1、 句型转换 龙首坝中学 孙 镇 “句型转换”题主要有两大类 ：一是基本句式的转换；二是同 义句的转换。 基本句式的转换主要是指“肯 定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特 殊疑问句、反意疑问句和选择疑 问句、祈使句、感叹句”的转换 。 一、肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的转换 这三种句型的转换有共同的规律可循，有 几个要点必须牢记。我们可以把各种句式归为两 大类：1、含有be动词、助动词和情态动词的句 子；2、只有行为动词的句子。 第1类句子，肯定句改为否定句时，一律在 be动词、助动词和情态动词后加“not”。改为一般 疑问句时，一律将be动词、助动词和情态动前移 到句首（首字母大写）。肯定回答用“Yes
2、”；否 定回答用“No”。“Yes”或“No”后面的主语必须用 代词，“No”后面必须用否定缩略式。 将下列句子改为否定句、一般疑问句，并做肯定、否定回答。 1There are some computers in this school（be动词） There arent any computers in this school Are there any computers in this school？（Yes，there are No，there arent） 2Li Mings father can drive a car（情态动词） Li Mings father cant dri
3、ve a car Can Li Mings father drive a car？（Yes，hecanNo， hecant） 3She has already finished her homework now（助动词 ） She hasnt finished her homework yet Has she finished her homework yet？（Yes，she has No，she hasnt） 第2类句子必须借助助动词do；does； did。改为否定句，在行为动词前加dont（一 般现在时态，主语是除第三人称单数之外的人 称和数时）；doesnt（一般现在时态，主语是 第
4、三人称单数时）；didnt（一般过去时态）。 改为一般疑问句时，在句首加Do；Does或Did 。肯定回答用“Yes”，后面动词用do；does或 did”；否定回答用“No”，后面动词用dont； doesnt；didnt。 将下列句子改为否定句、一般疑问句，并做肯定、否定回答。 1The children like playing games The children dont like playing games Do the children like playing games？（Yes， they do No，they dont） 2Mary usually goes to sch
5、ool on foot Mary doesnt usually go to school on foot（原第三人称 单数改为原形） Does Mary usually go to school on foot？（Yes，she does No，she doesnt） 3Tom went to London yesterday Tom didnt go to London yesterday（原过去式改为原形 ） Did Tom go to London yesterday？（Yes，he didNo ，he didnt） 二、特殊疑问句的转换 把句子转换为特殊疑问句，首先要确定划线部分 的“
6、疑问词”，人、物、时间、地点、原因、数量等分 别用： who；whom；whose；what；when；where ；why；how； how many；how much；how often； how old；how long等。将相对应的疑问词放在句首， 其余部分改为一般疑问句的形式，就是特殊疑问句。 改完后要注意检查句首的首字母大写和句尾的标点符 号。 1My licence number is 573968 Whats your licence number？ 2Mike watches TV every evening What does Mike do every evening？
7、3Jim studied in China last year Where did Jim study last year？ 三、选择疑问句和反意疑问句的转换 改为选择疑问句时，只需注意根据句子的内容 用“or”连接两个并列的成分就可以了。如： Lucy is a studentLily is a doctor改为： Who is a doctor，Lucy or Lily？ 反意疑问句的结构是“陈述句简短问句”，我 们必须记住：“前面肯定；后面否定”和“前面否 定；后面肯定”的规律和简短问句的主语必须用 代词的要求。如： Tom likes playing football，doesnt h
8、e？ Xiao Hong didnt like singing，did she？ 注意：祈使句的反意疑问句，一般都用will you？以Lets开头的一般用shall we？ 四、祈使句和感叹句的转换 改为祈使句，必须记住：肯定的祈使句，是原形动 词开头，否定的祈使句是“Dont”开头，后跟原形动词。 （主语是I或we时，句子开头用let me或lets）。如： 1You should remember his telephone number 改为： Remember his telephone number，please 2Youd better not tell him the bad
9、news改为： Dont tell him the bad news 3We can go there together改为： Lets go there together 改为感叹句，必须记住，强调的是名词，句 首用What，What后的名词前可以有形容词； 强调的是形容词或副词，句首用 How，后面必 须紧跟形容词或副词。如： The park is beautiful改为：What a beautiful park！ 或：How beautiful the park is！ He studies English very hard改为：How hard he studies Englis
10、h！ 经典例题 1I think teachers are quite busy(否定) I teachers quite busy 填dont think；are。当主句为I think，否定 其从句的含义时，在形式上要否定主句的谓语 动词。 2English is very useful. useful subject English is！ 填What a。感叹词what修饰可数名词单数 时，该名词（或名词前的形容词）前要加a或an 。 3Alice does her homework at seven . (否定) Alice her homework at seven 填doesnt
11、 do。 do是原句does的原形，有 的同学很容易漏掉。 4Dont forget to close the door，please Dont forget to close the door， ？ 填 will you。祈使句的反意疑问句，简略问 句部分用will you 5The woman is a nurse(复数) They are all 填 women nurses。变复数句时，作前置修饰语 的名词一般不改为复数形式，但 man，woman例外。 6Come on，or（否则）well miss（错过）the early bus we hurry，well miss the e
12、arly bus 填If，dont。将“祈使句or简单句”结构转换为 含if条件状语从句的复合句时，从句中的谓语须用其否 定形式。 7Work hard，and youll learn well If ，youll learn well 填you work hard。 “祈使句and简 单句”结构转换为含if条件状语从句的复合句 时，从句谓语用肯定形式。 练习： 一、句型转换： 1She has no brother or sister(改为肯定句) She has brother a sister 2Youd better not ask your teacher（改为否 定祈使句） you
13、r teacher，please 3Your dormitory（宿舍）is very bright your dormitory is！ 4The meat is delicious delicious meat it is！ a and Dont ask How bright What 5My brother has lunch at the school every day your brother lunch at the school every day？ 6We are going to learn French next year you to learn French next
14、 year？ 7Mr Hu taught her maths last year Mr Hu her maths last year？ Does have Are you Did teach 二、陈述句与特殊疑问句的转换（即：对划线部 分提问） 8At the age of five，Martin weighed（重）25 kilos did Martin weigh at the age of five？ 9The hospital is about 300 meters away is the hospital？ 10Bill met the twins last night did Bi
15、ll the twins？ How much How far When meet 11This book is fifteen yuan is this book？ 12I read 30 pages of the story yesterday pages of the story did you read yesterday？ 13Lin Tao put the radio on the desk Lin Tao put the radio？ 14Its very wet and cold today is the weather today？ How much How many Wher
16、e did What like 15We are going to study in a new school in two months are you going to study in a new school？ 16He spent（花费）a whole（整个） morning cleaning the room did he spend cleaning the room？ 17Wei Hua stayed in bed yesterday because she was ill Wei Hua stay in bed yesterday？ How soon Why did How
17、long 答案与解析,供教师参考: 1填a；and。改为肯定句时，原句中的or应变为and。2 填Dont ask。否定祈使句就是在动词原形前加上Dont。3 填How bright。是“How adjadv主语谓语！”结构 。4填What。修饰不可数名词meat。5填Does；have。 原句中的has须恢复成have。6填Are；going。7填Did； teach。 8How much。询问重量；9How far。询问距离 ；10Whenmeet。询问时间；11How much。询问 价格；12How many。询问可数名词的数量；13Where did。询问地点，put的过去式是put
18、。14Whatlike。 询问天气状况；15How soon。对表示将来的时间状语提问 ；16How long。对“时间段”提问；17Why did。对原因状 语从句提问 三、比较等级之间的同义转换 1Jane jumps farther than any of the other girls Jane jumps all the girls 2She studies more carefully than any other student in her class She studies in her class farthest of most carefully 四、其他类型的转换 3
19、Before talking，he told me his name and I told him my name We before talking 4The foreigners want to know how they can learn Chinese kung fu well The foreigners want to know _ _ learn Chinese kung fu well told each others names how to 5Tom had no time for breakfastHe went to school in a hurry Tom to
20、school breakfast 6When he saw me in the street，he was surprised（惊奇） He was surprised me in the street 7Where does he live？I dont know（ 合为一句） I dont know hurried without to see where he lives 8Mary visited the new school Mary visited the new school， ？ 9There are some sheep on the hill (单数） There on t
21、he hill Didnt she is a sheep 答案与解析,供教师参考: 1farthest of。考查比较级与最高级之间的同义转换。 2.most carefully。多音节副词的最高级由“most原级”构成 ，其前可不加the。3.told each others names 4.how to。动 词know，ask，teach，tell等后常用“疑问词不定式”结构， 在句中作宾语。5.hurried，without。6.to see。be surprised to do sth意为“对做某事感到惊奇”。7.where he lives。宾 语从句须用陈述句语序。8didnt she。简略问句中的主语 须用代词。 9is a sheep。sheep的单复数同形。 Thank you