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1、专业英语教案 Teaching Plan on Specialized English Course for Applied Chemistry 课程类型：化学系专业选修课 Lesson Type: Specialized Course for Applied Chemistry,Teaching Plan on Specialized English Course for Applied Chemistry Part 1 Physical Properties Part 2 Chemical Equations Part 3 Chemical Calculation Part 4 Nomen
2、clature Of Inorganic Chemicals Part 5 Some Basic Chemical Theories Part6 Translation Part7 A brief introduction to scientific writing in English,Part 1 Physical Properties 物 理 性 质,1）Colour 颜色 colourless red-brown violet-black purple-black pale yellow dark brown,2）state,solid liquid gas gaseous oily
3、crystalline uncrystalline molten fused,3）smell,odourless pungent penetrating choking offensive sour sweet bitter,4）solubility,soluble insoluble slightly soluble very soluble,5）observations,brisk effervescence precipitate milky aqueous solution,6）density,heavy light less dense denser greatly denser s
4、lightly denser about the same dense,7）hardness,hard soft ductile malleable,8）toxicity,toxic poisonous,9）melting point boiling point,High low,10）conductivity,electronic conductivity thermal conductivity conductor semiconductor insulator,disproportionation neutralization; hydrolysis exothermic reactio
5、n endothermic reaction reversible reaction forward reaction reverse reaction spontaneous reaction nonspontaneous reaction,1.反应名称：,化 学 方 程 式,Part 2 Chemical Equations,2、反应条件,heat ; burn ignite/ignition electrolyze/electrolysis under/at ambient/room temperature under standard pressure with/in the pres
6、cence of catalyst,3、 读 法,3.1 Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.,1 mol nitrogen reacts with 3 mol hydrogen to form 2 mol ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.,3.2,Nitrogen combines with hy
7、drogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.,Ammonia decomposes to nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.,3.3,Reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a ca
8、talyst gives ammonia.,At high temperature and pressure, reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst takes place.,Zinc treated with hydrochloric acid forms hydrogen and zinc chloride,3.4,Calcium carbonate when heated produces calcium oxide and carbon dioxide Calcium carbonate is
9、heated to yield calcium oxide and carbon dioxide Calcium carbonate decomposes to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide when it is heated,3.1 化 学 术 语,atomic mass/weight ； molecular weight amount (of substance)； mole number of moles ； molar mass molar volume ； concentration molarity ； excess agent limiting
10、 agent ； reactant product ； yield,Part 3 Chemical Calculation（化学计算 ）,3.2 数学术语：, 运算名称 addition substraction mulplication division 动词读法 add substract(ed)from multiply(ied)by divide(d)by 介词读法 plus minus times over 运算结果 sum difference product quotient,0.001 o/zero point o o one 2/3 two thirds equals/is
11、equal to is approximately equal to less than greater than x2 x squared x3 x cubed x-10 x to the minus tenth power 100oc one hundred degrees centigrade 5% five percent (by mass, volume) （） round brackets/parentheses square/angular brackets braces,基 本 形 状,linear pyramidal 三角锥的 trigonal tetrahedral 正四面
12、体的 square spherical 球形的 rectangular oval circle,planar,steroscopic,无机物质的命名,Part 4 Nomenclature Of Inorganic Chemicals,element,compound,4.1 元素和单质的命名,“元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”，有时为了区别，在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素的名称，同时又是单质的名称。,S-block Element,IA Hydrogen Lithium Sodium Pota
13、ssium Rubidium Cesium Francium,IIA Beryllium Magnesium Calcium Strontium Barium Radium,IIIA boron Aluminium Gallium Indium Thallium,IV A Carbon Silicon Germanium Tin Lead,V A Nitrogen Phosphorus Arsenic Antimony Bismuth,VIA Oxygen Sulfur Selenium Tellurium Polonium,VIIA Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iod
14、ine Astatine,0 Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon,P-block Element,Common Transition Elememt,Fe : iron Mn : manganese Cu: copper Zn: zinc Hg: mercury Ag: silver Au: gold,4.2 化合物的命名,化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读，这与中文读法顺序是相反的。表示原子个数时使用前缀：mono- di- tri- tetra- penta- hexa- hepta- octa-，nona-,deca-,但是在不会引起歧义时，
15、这些前缀都尽可能被省去。,1 化合物正电荷部分的读法,直呼其名，即读其元素名称。 如CO: carbon monoxide Al2O3: aluminium oxide N2O4 ：Dinitrogen tetroxide (tetra-,mono-后缀中的a,o在后一o之前省去) 对于有变价的金属元素，除了可用前缀来表示以外，更多采用罗马数字来表示金属的氧化态，或用后缀-ous表示低价，-ic表示高价。 如 FeO: iron(II) oxide 或 ferrous oxide Fe2O3: iron (III) oxide或ferric oxide Cu2O: copper(I) oxid
16、e 或cuprous oxide CuO: copper(II) oxide或cupric oxide,化合物负电荷部分的读法：,.二元化合物 . 非金属氢化物 . 无氧酸 . 含氧酸与含氧酸根阴离子 . 盐,4.2.1 二元化合物,常见的二元化合物有卤化物，氧化物，硫化物，氮化物，磷化物，碳化物，金属氢化物等，命名时需要使用后缀-ide， 如：fluoride， chloride， bromide， iodide， oxide，sulfide，nitride, phosphide, carbide，hydride; OH -的名称也是用后缀-ide：hydroxide， 非金属氢化物不用此后
17、缀，而是将其看成其它二元化合物（见4.）,非最低价的二元化合物还要加前缀， 如O22-: peroxide O2-: superoxide 举例：NaF: sodium fluoride AlCl3: aluminium chloride Mg2N3 : magnesium nitride Ag2S： silver sulfide CaC2: calcium carbide Fe(OH)2：iron(II) hydroxide 有些物质常用俗称，如NO nitric oxide N2O nitrous oxide,4.2 非金属氢化物,1)除了水和氨气使用俗称water，ammonia以外，其
18、它的非金属氢化物都用系统名称，命名规则根据化学式的写法不同而有所不同。对于卤族和氧族氢化物，在化学式中写在前面，因此将其看成另一元素的二元化合物。 举例： HF hydrogen fluoride HCl hydrogen chloride HBr hydrogen bromide HI hydrogen iodide H2S hydrogen sulfide H2Se hydrogen selenide H2Te hydrogen telluride 2) 对于其它族的非金属氢化物，在化学式中写在后面，可加后缀ane，氮族还可加-ine 举例： PH3: phosphine或phosphan
19、e AsH3: arsine或arsane SbH3: stibine或stibane BiH3: bismuthane CH4: methane SiH4: silane B2H6: diborane,4. 无氧酸,命名规则：hydro-词根-ic acid 举例： HCl: hydrochloric acid H2S : hydrosufuric acid,Symbol Element Stem Binary name endings,4. 含氧酸与含氧酸根阴离子,化学专业英语用前后缀的不同组合显示不同价态的含氧酸和含氧酸根阴离子，价态相同的含氧酸及含氧酸根阴离子具有相同的前缀，不同的后缀
20、。 高某酸 per-ic 正酸 ic 亚酸 -ous 次酸 hypo-ous 高某酸根 per-ate 正酸根 ate 亚酸根 -ite 次酸根hypo-ite 其它的前缀还有 ortho-正 meta- 偏 thio-硫代 举例：HClO4 perchloric acid ClO4- perchlorate ion HClO3 chloric acid ClO3- chlorate ion HClO2 chlorous acid ClO2- chlorite ion HClO hypochlorous acid ClO- hypochlorite ion H2SO4 sulfuric aci
21、d H2SO3 sulfurous acid HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrous acid HPO3 metaphosphoric acid S2O32- thiosulfate ion,4. 盐,正盐：根据化学式从左往右分别读出阳离子和阴离子的名称。 如FeSO4 iron(II) sulfate KMnO4 potassium permanganate 酸式盐：同正盐的读法，酸根中的读做hydrogen，氢原子的个数用前缀表示。 如NaHCO3: sodium hydrogencarbonate 或 sodium bicarbonate NaH2PO4: sodiu
22、m dihydrogenphosphate,复盐：同正盐的读法，并且阳离子按英文名称的第一个字母顺序读。 如 KNaCO3: potassuim sodium carbonate NaNH4HPO4: ammonium sodium hydrogenphosphate 水合盐：结晶水读做water或hydrate 如AlCl36H2O: aluminum chloride 6-water 或aluminum chloride hexahydrate AlK(SO4) 212H2O aluminium potassium sulphate 12-water,有机物质的命名,烷烃的英文命名,1）烷
23、烃（Alkanes ）,有机化合物的英文命名很不统一，有普通命名、衍生命名、系统命名及CA系统命名等。,烷烃的英文名称字尾都有-ane,2 不饱和烃Unsaturated Hydrocarbon,CH3甲 基 methyl methyl CH3CH2乙 基 ethyl ethyl CH3CH2CH2正丙基n-propyl propyl 异丙基isopropyl (1-methyl ethyl) CH3CH2CH2CH2 正丁基n-butyl butyl CH3(CH2)3CH2 正戊基n-pentyl或n-amyl pentyl 异戊基isopentyl或isoamyl (3-methyl b
24、utyl) 新戊基neopentyl (2,2-dimethyl propyl),烷基的名称,CH2=CH2 乙 烯 ethylene ethylene, CH3CH=CH2 丙 烯 propylene propene, 1丁烯1-butylene 1-butene, (CH3)2C=CH2 异丁烯isobutylene propene, 2methyl CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2 1戊烯1-amylene 1-pentene, 异戊二烯isoprene 1,3butadiene,2-methyl- 烯基（alkenyl）是将烯的字尾-ene 改为-enyl。,烯类化合物的名称,烯基的名称
25、,CH2=CH 乙烯基vinyl ethenyl 烯丙基allyl (2-propenyl) 丙烯基propenyl (1-propenyl) 2-丁烯基(2-butenyl),炔类化合物的名称,HCCH 乙炔 acetylene ; ethyne, CH3CCH 丙 炔 methyl acetylene ;propyne, 2丁炔dimethyl acetylene;2-butyne, 丙烯基乙炔propenyl acetylene;3-penten-1-yne,系统命名是以芳香环为母体，取代基根据环上的位置 而定位，苯环上表示2个基团的相对位置普通命名常 用邻O,对P，间m表示,芳香烃Ar
26、omatic Hydrocarbon Compounds,苯 benzene, 萘 naphthalene , 蒽 anthracene , 菲 phenanthrene ,甲苯 toluene; methyl- benzene 邻二甲苯o-xylene; 1,2-dimethyl-benzene 对二甲苯p-xylene; 1,4-dimethyl-benzene 间二甲苯m-xylene; 1,3-dimethyl-benzene 苯乙烯styrenestyrene;ethenyl-benzxene,卤代烃Organic Halides,CH3Cl 氯甲烷methyl chloride;
27、chloro-methane CH2Cl2 二氯甲烷methylene dichloride;dichloro-methane CHCl3三氯甲烷（氯仿） chloroform; trichloro- methane CCl4 四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride; tetrachloro- methane CH3CH2Br 溴乙烷ethyl bromide;brormo- ethane 1,2二溴乙烷ethylene dibromide;1,2-dibromo- ethane CH2=CHCl 氯乙烯vinyl chloride; chloro- ethylene CH2=CH-
28、CH2Cl 烯丙基氯allyl chloride;3-chloro-1-propene 氯 苯 phenyl chloride; chloro-benzene 二氯苯p-phenylene dichloridebenzene, 1,4-dichlorop-dichlorobenzene,5 醇、酚、醚Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers,CH3OH 甲醇 methyl alcohol; carbinol methanol, C2H5OH 乙醇 ethyl alcohol; carbinol ethanol, CH3CH2CH2OH 正丙醇n-propyl alcohol;e
29、thyl carbinol 1-propanol, 异丙醇isopropyl alcohol;dimethyl carbinol 2-propanol, CH2(CH2)3OH 正丁醇n-butyl alcohol; propyl carbinol 1-butanol, 苯甲醇(苄醇) benzyl alcohol;phenylmethanol,醇的英文名称,苯 酚 phenol, -萘酚-naphthol ;1-naphthalenol, -萘酚-naphthol ; 2-naphthalenol, 对甲苯酚p-cresol phenol, 双酚A bisphenol A; 1-methyl
30、ethylidene bis-phenol,酚的英文名称,CH3CH2OCH2CH3 乙 醚 diethyl ether或ethyl ether, 1,1-oxybis-ethane CH3OCH2CH2CH2CH3 甲丁醚n-butyl methyl ether, 1-methoxy-butane 苯甲醚methyl phenyl ether或methoxy-anisole,醚的英文名称,烷氧基的英文名称 CH3O- 甲氧基methoxy C2H5O- 乙氧基ethoxy C3H7O- 丙氧基propoxy,含氮有机化合物(Nitrogenous Organic Compounds),CH3
31、NH2 甲 胺 methyl amine;methanamine, CH3NHC2H5 甲乙胺ethyl methyl amine; N-methyl-ethanamine,醛和酮Aldehydes and Ketones,醛和酮Aldehydes and Ketones,CH2O 甲醛 formaldehyde, CH3CHO 乙醛 acetaldehyde, CH3CH2CHO 丙醛 propionaldehyde;propanal, CH3CH2CH2CHO 正丁醛n-butyraldehyde;butanal, CH3(CH2)3CHO 正戊醛n-valeraldehyde;penta
32、nal, -甲基丁醛-methyl butyraldehyde;2-methyl- butanal CH2=CHCHO 丙烯醛acrolein 2-propenal,丙 酮 acetone; 2-propanone,acetone 2-戊酮methyl propyl ketone 2-pentanone, 环己酮cyclohexanone cyclohexanone, 二苯酮diphenyl ketone benzophenone methanone, diphenyl-,羧酸和取代酸Carboxylic Acids and Substitute Carboxylic Acids,HCOOH
33、甲酸 formic acid, CH3COOH 乙酸 acetic acid, CH3CH2COOH 丙酸 propionic acid, CH3(CH2)2COOH 正丁酸n-butyric acid;butanoic acid, CH3(CH2)3COOH 正戊酸n-valeric acid;pentanoic acid, CH3(CH2)4COOH 正已酸n-caproic acid; hexanoic acid, 乳 酸 lactic acid; 2-hydroxy-propanoic acid CH2=CHCOOH 丙烯酸acrylic acid;2-propenoic acid,
34、草 酸 oxalic acid; ethanedioic acid, 丙二酸malonic acid; propandioic acid, 已二酸adipic acid; hexanedioic acid, 顺-丁烯二酸maleic acid; Z-2-butenedioic acid, 反-丁烯二酸fumaric acid; E-2-butenedioic acid, 苯甲酸benzoic acid; benzoic acid,Part6 Translation,(English-Chinese and Chinese-English),I.Important Role of Transla
35、tion,Translation is a rendering from one language into another,i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written orsaid in another language.,As ameans of communication, translation play an important role in human civilization. In the west, literary translation can traced back to30
36、0 BC, While in china, recorded translation activities are even earlier, dating from the Zhou Dynasty(1100BC).Hower, not until recent centuries,especially by the end of the 19th century did systematic study of translation get underway. In the past decades translation theories and activities have deve
37、loped fast at home and abord.,A morden society sees an extensive use of translation on various occasion. If a foreign language is generlly accepted as a tool of life, translation then obviously serves as a dynamic means of emplooying this tool. A proper and dexterous translation helps to promote mut
38、ual understanding between pepoles of different cultural and social backgrounds, whereas a misunderstanding or improper rendering of words or expressions may lead to confusion.,.Nature and Scope of Translation,What is Translation? Some people believe it is a science, others take it as an art; and yet
39、 many consider it a craft, or rather, a skill.,Of these varied opinions, which one holds true for our purpose?,If it refers to a subject, namely, the study of translation theory and skills, it is no doubt a science, if it refers to some specific pieces of translation, then it is more like a n art, I
40、f it refers to a process, in which something is translated, then we may regard it as a craft or a skill.,Translation covers a very broad range. In terms of languages ,it can be divided into two categories: from native languages into foreign languages and vice versa; in terms of the mode, it can be d
41、ivided into oral interpretation, written translation and machine translation; in terms of materials to be translated, there is translation of scientific materials, translation of literary works such as novels, poety drama, etc., translation of political essays such as treatises on social problems, r
42、eports, speeches, etc., in terms of disposal, it can be either full-text translation, abridged translation or adapted translation.,.Principles and Criteria of Translation,The so-called principles and criteria of translation are actually the two sides of the same thing. The former lays emphasis on th
43、e translator; while the latter on the reader or critic.,Yan Fus “three-character guide”: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance.,.Literal Translation and Free Translation,The so-called literal translation, generally speaking, means “not to alter the original words and sentences”; strictly speakin
44、g, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.,Free translation is an alternative approach which is used mainly to convery the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech.,1. Theres no pot so ugly it cant find a lid,2.
45、Little fish does not eat big fish,3. What the tongue says, the neck pays for,4. What was hatched a hen must not try to be a rooster,5. A gift is the key to open the door closed agaist you,. Translation Techniques,Generally speaking, the basic translation techniques that merit our attention and that
46、are to be applied in English-Chinese and Chinese-English translations include:,(1)Diction (2)Amplification (3)Omission (4)Repetition (5)Conversion (6)Restructuring (7)Negation (8)Division,科技英语的写作,科技论文中文写作,科技论文英文写作,科技论文的写作,明确所研究的方向,设计实验,着手实验,撰写论文,科技论文的中文写作,写作步骤,3结论,2结果与讨论,1实验部分,引言,作者及单位,题目,参考文献,摘要,作者
47、为几个单位的，请在右上角用上标形式标出去， 姓名间空一格，作者单位标至二级单位，单位间用 分号隔开；,作者及单位,示例（注意项目、顺序、英文大小写、标点符号） 离体培养条件下半夏叶柄形成珠芽过程中内源激素的变化* 常 莉1) 徐有明1) 薛建平2)* (1)华中农业大学园艺林学学院，武汉 430070； 2）安徽省淮北煤炭师范学院生物系，淮北 235000),首页面脚注示例（注意项目、顺序及标点符号） *国家农业成果转化基金(05EFN213400124)和淮北市重点项目(06125)资助 *通讯作者. E-mail: 常莉,女,1981年生, 华中农业大学园艺林学学院硕士研究生,武汉 43
48、0070 赵铭钦，男，1964年生，副教授.工作单位: 河南农业大学农学院,国家烟 草栽培生理生化基地,郑州 450002. E-mail:,中文摘要为报道式摘要，包括简要介绍研究目的、 材料、方法和结论，结果要求详细 。,摘要,关键词间用分号隔开，分号后空半格。,关键词,摘要示例,为研究黄花蒿生长发育过程中青蒿素含量的动态变异特性， 对黄花蒿生长发育过程中青蒿素含量的变化进行了研究，实验 表明：黄花蒿下部叶中青蒿素含量明显高于中、上部；黄花蒿 上午采收样青蒿素含量明显高于下午；时间越长，青蒿素的含 量越黄花蒿生长高；黄花蒿在整个的生长发育过程中，从营养 生长末期到花蕾期，青蒿素含量有递增趋势，开花后青蒿素含 量明显下降。 关键词：黄花蒿；青蒿素；动态