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1、英语基本句型,1,2,英语句子成分分析 一个句子一般由两部分构成， 即主语部分和谓语部分， 这两部分也叫做句子的 主要成分。句子的次要成分 包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。,3,1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如： Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends.(我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。,4,2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如： Students study. (学生学习。) We are fri
2、ends. (我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。,5,3）宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如： They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。) I play with him. (我和他一起玩。) 这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是带词，它们在句中作宾语。,6,4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如： This is a red sun.(这
3、是个红太阳.) He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。） 这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词，它们作定语。,7,）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如： The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。) I often write to him. (我常给他写信。) The bag is too heavy. (这个书包太重了。) 这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词，第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词，它们都作状语。,8,
4、）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。 如：This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。),9,通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下： （定语） 主语 （状语） 谓语 （定语） 宾语 （状语） 如：(The tall) boy (often) goes (to the big) zoo. (The happy) child - went (his) home yesterday.,10,英语句子成分歌 英语句子八呀八大块， 主谓宾表真呀真实在； 补语跟着宾语表语跑， 定语同位（语）专把名词踹。
5、 状语的位置它自由自在， 忽右忽左随心所欲摆。 浑身的毛病真呀真不少， 前后乱窜它还会加塞。（RAP）,五种基本句型,（）主谓 They are working hard. （）主谓宾 I forgot to mail the letter yesterday. （）主谓宾宾 He gave me a new bicycle . （）主系表 He is a university student. （）主谓宾宾补 Karl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.,11,英语基本句型-1 主谓结构,12,13,英语基本句型-1主谓
6、结构 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。,此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。,14,(主语+不及物动词)扩展和修饰,The boy spoke to his teacher. The little boy spoke loudly to his teacher. The boy named Tom spoke to his math teacher in a low voice. The little boy called Tom spoke to his Chinese teacher.,15,16,yesterday evening
7、.,two hours.,in the past ten years.,in 1919.,1她昨天回家很晚。,2会议将持续两个小时。,3在过去的十年里，（在）我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。,41919年，（在）北京爆发了“五.四”运动。,She went home,very late,The meeting will last,Great changes have taken place,in my home town,The May Fourth Movement broke out,in Beijing,巩固练习：,英语基本句型-2主谓宾结构,17,18,此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都
8、具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,19,20,宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。,如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 6. Mo
9、ther promises to give me a present.,21,作宾语的词： 1，名词 I dont know him. 2, 代词 He refused to support us. 3, 反身代词 Please express yourself in your own words. 4 ,不定式 We managed to put the fire out in time. 5, 动名词 She avoided answering their questions. 6，从句 She found that she was in prison the next morning.
10、7,wh-词 + to do I dont know what to do with this issue.,(主语+及物动词+宾语)扩展和修饰,I forgot to mail the letter yesterday. Unfortunately, I forgot to mail the letter yesterday. Unfortunately, I forgot to mail the letter yesterday, which disappointed my mum so much.,22,23,1昨晚我写了一封信。,2今天下午我想同你谈谈。,3这本书他读过多次了,4他们成
11、功地完成了计划。,5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。,I wrote a letter,last night.,I want to talk with you,this afternoon.,He has read this book,many times.,They have carried out the plan,successfully.,That gentleman can speak three languages,fluently.,巩固练习：,24,6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。 8我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 9. 他不知道说什麽好。
12、 10. 我开窗户你在意吗？,I received a letter,from my penfriend,in Australia.,Jim cannot dress himself.,All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.,He did not know what to say.,Do you mind my opening the window?,英语基本句型3 双宾语结构,25,26,英语基本句型3 双宾语结构 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人） +直接宾语（事物）”组成。如： He brings me cookies
13、every day. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等； （需借助for
14、的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。,(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语) 扩展和修饰,Grandma told me a story. As expected, Grandma told me a story . Grandma told me a story for the purpose of cheering me up. Grandma told me one story after another in the hope of cheering me up.,27
15、,28,1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 4他把车票给列车员看。,Mr Johnson taught us German,last year.,Grandma told me an interesting story,last night.,Would you please pass me the dictionary?,He showed the ticket to the conductor.,29,5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ 6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。 7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣,Shall I
16、 call you a taxi?,The new machine will save you a lot of labour.,He bought a new coat for his mother,with his first months salary.,英语基本句型-4 主系表结构,30,31,英语基本句型-4主系表结构 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有: 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, k
17、eep, continue, stand; 3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;,32,Our English teacher is thirty years old.,The cake tastes delicious.,We feel used to living in big cities.,The potatoes went bad in the fields.,Their boss seems satisfied with the work.,Deep water stays still.,(主语+连系动词+表
18、语)扩展和修饰,The soup tastes good. To our surprise, The soup tastes good. The soup tastes good,which is beyond our expectation. Frankly speaking, The soup tastes good. To be honest, The soup tastes so good as to surprise everyone.,33,34,巩固练习： 1冬季白天短，夜晚长 2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少保持安静。 4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。,In wi
19、nter, the days are short and the nights are long.,At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.,Children seldom keep quiet.,Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.,35,5他失业了。 6树叶已经变黄了 7这个报告听起来很有意思,He is out of work.,The leaves have turned yellow.,The report sounds interesting.,英语基本
20、句型5 复合宾语结构,36,37,英语基本句型5主谓宾宾补 说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on. 用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放
21、到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,38,巩固练习： 1我们叫她Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小偷释放了。 4我要你把真相告诉我。 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 7他每个月理一次发 8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。,We call her Alice.,All of us considered him honest.,They have set the thief f
22、ree.,I want you to tell me the truth.,The guards ordered us to leave at once.,Every morning we hear him read English aloud.,He has his hair cut once a month.,We wont let her go out at night.,39,9那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 10她正在听人家讲故事。 11我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 12他感到很难跟你交谈。 13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。,The ter
23、rible sound made the children frightened.,She is listening to someone telling stories.,I have never seen the word used that way before.,He felt it very difficult to talk with you.,I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.,The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.,