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1、五种基本句,讲解与训练,Hedy,S=Subject(主语); V=Verb(谓语动词); P=Predicative(表语); O=Object(宾语); INO=Indirect Object(间接宾语); DO=Direct Object(直接宾语); OC=Object Complement(宾语补足语),英语五种基本句型列式如下：,句型一： （主谓） 句型二： （主系表） 句型三： （主谓宾） 句型四： （主谓间宾直宾） 句型五： （主谓宾宾补）,1.SVi,E.g：I went to school at 7：00. 主 谓 状 这一结构中的动词为不及物动词，其后没有宾语,后面可以跟
2、副词、介词短语做状语。 go, live, die, talk, swim, stay, 用以上词语造句（肯定，否定，疑问） 特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。,Examples: go, live, die, talk, swim, stay,We go to school everyday. Im living in Chang Ping District now. My love for you will never die. I want to talk with a foreigner. Jerry can swim
3、 well. Mr. Green will stay in China for a year.,2.SV系P,E.g.：The food smells delicious. 主 系 表 句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。 系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。 look, sound, become, turn, keep
4、，get 特点是:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的系动词 look, sound, become, turn, grow, get,每个人看起来都不一样。（look） 那听起来很好。（sound） 我现在成了一名教师。（become） 她脸红了。（turn） 他现在成长得又高又壮。（grow） 天色渐渐黑了。（get）,3.SVtO,E.g.：He hopes to fly to the moon. 主 谓 宾 1)只能用不定式作宾语的常见动词：want，hope，wish，would like，decide，agree，ask，can
5、t，wait等； 2)只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词：mind，enjoy，keep，finish，cant help等； 3)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且有区别的常见动词：remember, forget, stop, go on, try 4)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且无区别的常见动词：begin，start，like，love，hate等。 特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。,记住在你离开之前把窗子关上。 (还未做) 我记得关了啊。(已做过) 哦，你忘了关灯了。(还未做) 我忘了已经写完作业了。(已做过),Remember _the windo
6、w before you leave.,But I remember_ it.,I see. You forgot_ the lights.,I forgot_ my homework already.,to close,closing,to turn off,finishing,Mary停下来去散步。（stop） 他停止唱歌了。 然后，他接下来去玩足球了。（go on） Tom继续玩电脑游戏。 我们尽量完成任务。（try） 我试着修理自行车。(看有无结果),Mary stopped_ a walk.,He stopped_.,Then he went on_ football.,Tom we
7、nt on_ computer games.,We try_ the task.,I tried_ the bike.,to take,singing,to play,playing,to finish,mending,4.SVtOiOd,E.g. He gave me a pen. 主 谓 间宾 直宾 1)这种结构也可将间宾放到直宾之后，但间宾前需加介词to(对象)或for(目的)； E.g They lent the bike to the boy. 主 谓 直宾 间宾,2)在间宾前加to的：,昨天爸爸给我一个礼物。（ give ） My father gave a present to
8、me yesterday. Li Hua给我看他的照片。（ show ） Li Hua showed his pictures to me. 我的朋友给我一封信。（ send ） My friend sent a letter to me. 姐姐给我带来一件漂亮的裙子。（ bring ） My sister brought a beautiful dress to me.,请把盐递给我。（ pass ） Pass the salt to me please. 他把自行车借给那个女孩了。（ lend ） He lent his bike to that girl. 以前，奶奶常给我讲故事。（ t
9、ell ） My grandma told stories to me in the past. Tom昨天教我一首英文歌曲。（ teach ） Tom taught a english song to me yesterday.,3) 在间宾前加for的：,他给我亲手做了一个生日礼物。（ make ） His made a birthday present for me. 她的丈夫给她买了一个漂亮的项链。（ buy ） Her husband bought a beautiful necklace for her. 我们应该为残疾人做点什么。（ do ） We should do somet
10、hing for the disabled people. 我们给老人们唱歌。（ sing ） We are singing songs for the old people.,4)最好用SVtOdOi结构的情况：,例如：Ill send it to you. 直宾 间宾 Well sing some songs for the friend 直宾 间宾 from a foreign country.,a.当直接宾语是人称代词时： b.当直宾比间宾短时：,特点:谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要
11、加介词for或to。可跟双宾语的动词,4.SVtOiOd,5.SVtOC,例如： The boy wished his father to buy a bike for him. 主 谓 宾 宾补 1)带to的不定式作宾补； 例如：She asked me to call him again. 很多动词后面都可以有这种宾补，这类动词有：ask，tell，want，wish，would，like，like，hate等。,2)不带to的不定式作宾补；,例如：We often hear the girl sing the song. 能带这种复合宾语的动词为感官动词、短语动词和使役动词如let，fe
12、el，notice，help，make，have，listen to，hear，see，watch，look at，observe. 注： 如果这种结构变为被动语态，不定式就必然带to. help后的不定式可以带to也可不带to.,3)分词作宾补；,例如：He heard somebody knocking on the window. 现在分词作宾补表示主动，且动作正在进行，过去分词作宾补表示被动，或动作已完成，也可以表示请别人做某事。能带分词作宾补的常见动词为感官动词：see，hear，notice，watch，feel及find，get，have(这三个动词为使役动词)等。,4)名词作宾
13、补；,例如：We must keep it a secret. 这类复合宾语只有在有限的一些动词后使用，常见的动词有：name，call，make，elect，think，find，leave等 What he have done made him a successful man.,5)形容词作宾补。,例如：You should keep the room clean. 常见的能跟这种复合宾语的动词有：make，keep，find，want，wish，like，see，think，believe，leave等。 The interesting story made me happy. lea
14、ve me alone We saw him out.,SVtOC,特点:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等,同义句转换,1.It seems that he will give us a talk tomorrow. He _ _ be giving us a talk tomorrow. 2.I thought I hadnt covered the basket. I had _ _ _ the basket. 3.If the rain stops，wel
15、l have a picnic. If it _ _，well have a picnic. 4.The teacher was listened to by them singing a song. They listened _ the teacher _ a song. 5.Ill ask somebody to cut my hair. Ill _ my hair _ .,同义句转换,1.It seems that he will give us a talk tomorrow. He seems to be giving us a talk tomorrow. 2.I thought
16、 I hadnt covered the basket. I had forgotten to cover the basket. 3.If the rain stops，well have a picnic. If it stops raining，well have a picnic. 4.The teacher was listened to by them singing a song. They listened to the teacher sing a song. 5.Ill ask somebody to cut my hair. Ill have my hair cut .,