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1、Windows ServerWindows Server操作系统操作系统 以及以及 .Net/J2EE.Net/J2EE应用开发架构介绍应用开发架构介绍 钱非非 系统平台客户经理 OEM事业部 微软（中国）有限公司 内容 lWindows Server 2003操作系统介绍 l.Net/J2EE开发架构介绍以及比较 WINDOWS SERVER 2003操作系统介绍 变化的世界变化的世界 很多年来，很多年来，UNIXUNIX曾经曾经是最佳的选择是最佳的选择 但现在，我们面临但现在，我们面临新的抉择新的抉择 1.1.Win-TelWin-Tel性能和性价比已经超过了性能和性价比已经超过了RIS
2、CRISC 2.2.Web Services Web Services 已经根本改变了业务系统的设计已经根本改变了业务系统的设计 3.3.新的商业变化要求更高的效率新的商业变化要求更高的效率 Windows Server 2003Windows Server 2003技术先进性技术先进性 l l 多达多达550550项创新技术和项创新技术和170170项新增功能项新增功能 IIS6.0 (Internet IIS6.0 (Internet 信息服务器信息服务器) ) 集成的集成的.Net Framework 1.1 (.Net Framework 1.1 (性能卓越的性能卓越的.Net.Net
3、开发环境开发环境) ) EFSEFS（加密文件系统）（加密文件系统） Service For Unix (UnixService For Unix (Unix子系统，全面兼容子系统，全面兼容UnixUnix环境和应用环境和应用) ) 全新的全新的WindowsWindows终端服务终端服务 ( (支持图形终端和字符终端支持图形终端和字符终端) ) WindowsWindows流媒体服务流媒体服务 (Windows Media Services 9)(Windows Media Services 9) 卷影复本卷影复本 (Volume Shadow Copy Service)(Volume Sh
4、adow Copy Service) Winodws Update Service (Winodws Update Service (软件更新服务软件更新服务) ) Windows Sharepoint Services 2.0Windows Sharepoint Services 2.0 ( (全新的部门及协作门户和文件管理系统全新的部门及协作门户和文件管理系统) ) Automated System Recovery (Automated System Recovery (自动系统回复自动系统回复) ) 改进后的集大成的改进后的集大成的ADAD（活动目录）（活动目录） 分布式文件系统分布式
5、文件系统(DFS)/(DFS)/文件复制服务文件复制服务(FRS) (FRS) 内置的内置的SANSAN支持（存储区域网络）支持（存储区域网络） 服务器配置向导服务器配置向导 Virtual Disk Service (Virtual Disk Service (虚拟磁盘服务系统虚拟磁盘服务系统) ) 支持大多数最新的通讯技术：支持大多数最新的通讯技术：IPv6IPv6、IPSecIPSec、NATNAT等等 稳定性稳定性 l l 企业高稳定性的利器企业高稳定性的利器 内置的内置的8 8个节点的群集服务个节点的群集服务 保障保障 “ “平滑故障转移平滑故障转移” ” 支持地理分布的群集部署和灾
6、备支持地理分布的群集部署和灾备 网络负载平衡（网络负载平衡（NLBNLB） 针对针对 “ “海量并发用户海量并发用户” ”访问请求访问请求 l l 保障稳定性的创新工具保障稳定性的创新工具 WindowsWindows系统资源管理器系统资源管理器 (WSRM)(WSRM) IIS6.0 Web IIS6.0 Web 服务器的进程回收服务服务器的进程回收服务 扩展性扩展性 l l 向上扩展向上扩展 6464位支持位支持 支持支持NUMANUMA技术技术 强化的内存管理技术强化的内存管理技术 l l 向外扩展向外扩展 8 8节点服务器群集节点服务器群集 3232节点负载均衡群集节点负载均衡群集 l
7、 l 高效率资源管理高效率资源管理 内存镜像技术内存镜像技术 热添加内存和热添加内存和PCIPCI设备设备 操作系统检查操作系统检查 VPN :VPN : VPNVPN服务器服务器+ +网络负载均衡网络负载均衡 群集技术群集技术 管理员管理员 防火墙防火墙: : 网络负载均衡网络负载均衡 应用服务器应用服务器: : IIS+IIS+网络负载均衡网络负载均衡 数据库数据库: : SQL 2000 +SQL 2000 + 服务器群集服务器群集 VPN VPN ClusterCluster 系统扩展性系统扩展性: : 向上和向外向上和向外 l l “Scale Up”“Scale Up” Datac
8、enter Class machines “big iron”Datacenter Class machines “big iron” Cluster for Cluster for 可用性可用性 l l “ “Scale Out”Scale Out” Commodity serversCommodity servers Cluster for Cluster for 扩展性扩展性 and and 可用性可用性 UpUp OutOut 构建业务持续性构建业务持续性: Geo Cluster: Geo Cluster 站点站点 A A站点站点 B B FT Set 1FT Set 1 FT Se
9、t 2FT Set 2 FT Set 3FT Set 3 FT Set 4FT Set 4 远程存储数据的镜像远程存储数据的镜像 跨站点的群集 0 0 1010 2020 3030 4040 5050 6060 7070 8080 WebSphere/RRD/WebSphere/RRD/ LinuxLinux 人力成本人力成本 调试和设置调试和设置 7676 1616 .NET/.NET/ Windows Server 2003Windows Server 2003 24*24* *Report notes: Much tuning and configuration from RRD imp
10、lementation carried over for WSAD implementation, artificially reducing tuning time required for WSAD implementation WebSphereWebSphere WSAD/WSAD/ LinuxLinux 开发快开发快 IBM WebSphere vs. Visual Studio.NETIBM WebSphere vs. Visual Studio.NET Building Complete ITS Connected SystemBuilding Complete ITS Conn
11、ected System 数据来源: .NET vs. WebSphere Study, The Middleware Company, 2004年9月 应用可靠性应用可靠性 操作 WebSphere RRD/Linux WebSphere WSAD/ Linux .NET/ Windows Server 2003 将群集中的机器正常关机进行维护 应用继续运行，没有错误YesYesYes Session 状态得到保留? NoYesYes 服务器重新开机加入到群集中 Session 状态的到保留?NoYesYes 在灾难环境中实现故障转移 平滑转移到其他服务器NoNoYes Session 状态
12、的到保留?NoNoYes 数据来源: .NET vs. WebSphere Study, The Middleware Company Microsoft Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2003 版本定位版本定位 Windows Server Windows Server 20032003Windows 2000Windows 2000Windows NTWindows NT Add foil of .NET alignment with Intel roadmap l目标:为快速开发、部署Web服务与应用程序，提供Web托管与服 务
13、系统平台。 l支持 2路对称式多处理器（ SMP ）系统， 2 GB 内存 l支持超线程 l目标: 中型与大型组织中型与大型组织 l32位, 支持 8路对称式多处理器（ SMP ）系统， 32 GB 内存 lX64, 支持 8路对称式多处理器（ SMP ）系统， 1TB 内存 l安腾, 支持 8路对称式多处理器（ SMP ）系统， 1TB 内存 l支持8节点群集，超线程，NUMA, Windows系统资源管理器 l目标: 面向中小型企业及部门级应用，重点加强文件服务、打印 服务与协同作业服务等基本功能 。 l32位, 支持 4路对称式多处理器（ SMP ）系统， 4 GB 内存 lX64, 支
14、持 4路对称式多处理器（ SMP ）系统， 32 GB 内存 l支持超线程 l目标: 数据中心应用 l32位, 支持 32路对称式多处理器（ SMP ）系统， 64 GB 内存 lX64, 支持 64路对称式多处理器（ SMP ）系统， 1TB 内存 l安腾, 支持 64路对称式多处理器（ SMP ）系统， 1TB 内存 l支持8节点群集，超线程，NUMA, Windows系统资源管理器 Datacenter 版 企业版 Web版 标准版 提示：提示： Web Web 版版 通过通过 OEM/NSPOEM/NSP渠道提供渠道提供 .NET/J2EE开发架构介绍以及比较 Programming
15、Model Developer Tools Distributed Application Infrastructure The The “ “Application Server PlatformApplication Server Platform” ” Programming Model Developer Tools Distributed Application Infrastructure Java/J2EE Eclipse/WSAD/ IDEA /Struts/ Ant/etc. Websphere/ Weblogic/ JBoss/etc. +OS in the Java Wo
16、rld in the Java World Programming Model Developer Tools Distributed Application Infrastructure .NET Framework Visual Studio .NET Windows Server System from Microsoft from Microsoft Operating SystemOperating System JVM (optional JIT)JVM (optional JIT) Java class foundationJava class foundation JDBC a
17、nd XMLJDBC and XML J2EEJ2EE EJBEJB JSP, ServletsJSP, Servlets JAXM, JAXRPCJAXM, JAXRPC Swing,Swing, AWTAWT The Java LanguageThe Java Language Borland JBuilderBorland JBuilder IBM VisualAge 比如事务) Web 表单 Server 控件 Code-Behind ASP.NET IIS POJOs EJBs JSP Servlets 可运行于大多 数主要应用及 Web服务器 支持大多数 数据库 (通 过 Type
18、 4 驱动程序) J2SE/EE JDBC (事务使 用 JTA) .NET.NET SQL Server Oracle DB/2, etc. SQL Server Oracle DB/2, etc. Web Web 架构架构: J2EE vs .NET: J2EE vs .NET 状态: ASP.NET Session, .NET 数据缓存 状态: 封装于 EJB 中, 也可在 Web Sessions 中 .NET vs J2EE.NET vs J2EE Service or Feature.NETJ2EE LanguageLanguageAny of 20+ Any of 20+ Jav
19、aJava OS PlatformOS PlatformWindowsWindowsmultiplemultiple RuntimeRuntimeCLRCLRJVMJVM GUI/In-proc ComponentGUI/In-proc Component.NET class.NET classJavaBeansJavaBeans Server-side ComponentServer-side Component.NET, with COM+ svcs.NET, with COM+ svcsEJBEJB Persistent ObjectsPersistent ObjectsBusiness
20、 Entity Comp.Business Entity Comp.EJB Entity BeansEJB Entity Beans Web Server ScriptingWeb Server ScriptingASP.NETASP.NETJSP/ServletJSP/Servlet ScriptingScriptingWSHWSH-none-none- Data AccessData AccessADO.NETADO.NETJDBC, SQL/JJDBC, SQL/J QueueingQueueingSystem.Messaging / MSMQSystem.Messaging / MSM
21、QJMS over ?JMS over ? Asynchronous InvocationAsynchronous InvocationCOM+ QCCOM+ QCMessage BeansMessage Beans EventingEventingCOM+ EventsCOM+ Events-Not specified- -Not specified- RemotingRemotingSOAP/HTTP, DCOMSOAP/HTTP, DCOMRMI-over-IIOPRMI-over-IIOP NamingNamingADSIADSIJNDIJNDI HTTP EngineHTTP Eng
22、ineIISIISanyany XMLXMLSystem.XMLSystem.XMLJAXPJAXP Web ServicesWeb ServicesBuilt-inBuilt-in-add on-add on- Follow the LeaderFollow the Leader The MS forebears of Java StandardsThe MS forebears of Java Standards l l ASPASPJSPJSP l l MTSMTSEJBEJB l l DNADNAJ2EEJ2EE l l ODBCODBCJDBCJDBC l l ADOADOJDO?J
23、DO? Microsoft shipped much of this capability Microsoft shipped much of this capability in 1997 with NT Option Pack,12-18 months in 1997 with NT Option Pack,12-18 months before Java specified it. before Java specified it. Server Technology TimelineServer Technology Timeline Microsoft J2EE 1996199719
24、98199920002001 MSXML JAXP MTS/COM+ EJB ODBC JDBC Mar 1992 ADSI JNDI QC MDB LCE MMC WinDNA J2EE MSMQ JMS .NET SOAP ASP JSP .NET vs. J2EE.NET vs. J2EE l l Common ServicesCommon Services WebForms: equivalent to JSP/ServletWebForms: equivalent to JSP/Servlet Parallels in many other servicesParallels in
25、many other services l l .NET Differentiators:.NET Differentiators: Visual Studio.NETVisual Studio.NET : Best toolset : Best toolset UnifiedUnified programming model programming model Multiple languagesMultiple languages ADO.NET , ASP.NET : a clear lead in function and ADO.NET , ASP.NET : a clear lea
26、d in function and developer productivitydeveloper productivity CLRCLR: better performance: better performance XML and Web Services: built-inXML and Web Services: built-in System accessSystem access through the .NET Framework through the .NET Framework Dynamic Server PagesDynamic Server Pages ASP.NET
27、 vs JSP/ServletASP.NET vs JSP/Servlet l l Both :Both : Just-in-time compiled, reasonably fastJust-in-time compiled, reasonably fast Xcopy deploymentXcopy deployment Separation of logic (MVC); Separation of logic (MVC); “ “Code-behindCode-behind” ” Intelligent page cachingIntelligent page caching XML
28、 friendlyXML friendly l l ASP.NET only:ASP.NET only: Server-side controlsServer-side controls (Web Forms) with state (Web Forms) with state Web Services Web Services so easy so easy Multi-languageMulti-language Get access to system resources (logs, files, Get access to system resources (logs, files,
29、 perf counters, etc.)perf counters, etc.) Excellent tracing capabilityExcellent tracing capability Data AccessData Access ADO.NET vs EJB, JDBC, JDO?ADO.NET vs EJB, JDBC, JDO? l l Java: Data Access Confusion Java: Data Access Confusion EJB:EJB: Tight coupling of data storeTight coupling of data store
30、 XML hostileXML hostile JDBC: limited, static, no XMLJDBC: limited, static, no XML JDO: concept only, no product yetJDO: concept only, no product yet l l ADO.NET:ADO.NET: Common data access across the enterpriseCommon data access across the enterprise Simple, Elegant Simple, Elegant not burdended wi
31、th mandatory not burdended with mandatory remote interfaces (EJB) or arcane syntax (JDBC)remote interfaces (EJB) or arcane syntax (JDBC) High-performanceHigh-performance Expose data object model directlyExpose data object model directly Loosely coupled modelLoosely coupled model XML is XML is integr
32、alintegral A big win for Programmer productivityA big win for Programmer productivity Why is .NET faster/more Why is .NET faster/more scalable than J2EE?scalable than J2EE? l l CLR is a better, faster more efficient execution environment than a JVM.CLR is a better, faster more efficient execution en
33、vironment than a JVM. Performance optimizationsPerformance optimizations and productivity optimizations and productivity optimizations Better Better memory managementmemory management Much faster, more efficient Much faster, more efficient garbage collectiongarbage collection Better Better optimizin
34、g compileroptimizing compiler Integrated with OS features vs. tradeoffs JVMs must make to maintain Integrated with OS features vs. tradeoffs JVMs must make to maintain portabilityportability l l Stateless nature of .NET lends itself to scale, Stateless nature of .NET lends itself to scale, Stateful
35、Session Beans and Entity beans lend themselves to poor scale and Stateful Session Beans and Entity beans lend themselves to poor scale and prone to problems in high stress/high load scenarios.prone to problems in high stress/high load scenarios. l l Data access using ADO.NETData access using ADO.NET
36、 Managed providers for SQL Server and Oracle provide very, very fast access Managed providers for SQL Server and Oracle provide very, very fast access to databasesto databases XML is XML is “ “baked intobaked into” ” .NET. XML representation and parsing is VERY fast. .NET. XML representation and par
37、sing is VERY fast. l l Web ServicesWeb Services .NET consistently shows 300-400% better perf/scale/throughput than popular .NET consistently shows 300-400% better perf/scale/throughput than popular J2EE app serversJ2EE app servers Our SOAP stack is a native protocol for .NET and is VERY fastOur SOAP
38、 stack is a native protocol for .NET and is VERY fast Web Services support in J2EE is an afterthoughtWeb Services support in J2EE is an afterthought Reality in a World of Reality in a World of PerceptionPerception CatalogCatalogResultResult Cross-platformCross-platformJ2EE winsJ2EE wins StandardsSta
39、ndardsTieTie Scalability/reliabilityScalability/reliabilityTieTie InteroperabilityInteroperabilityTieTie Partner/ISV communityPartner/ISV communityTieTie Developer productivityDeveloper productivity.NET wins.NET wins PerformancePerformance.NET wins.NET wins Integration with serversIntegration with s
40、ervers.NET wins.NET wins Multiple language supportMultiple language support.NET wins.NET wins Ease of deploymentEase of deployment.NET wins.NET wins Price of tools and serversPrice of tools and servers.NET wins.NET wins Time-to-Market and ROITime-to-Market and ROI CompanyCompanyTime-to-MarketTime-to
41、-MarketROIROI NavisionNavision19% faster time-to-19% faster time-to- marketmarket Internal Rate of Return Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 100%(IRR) 100% Marks & SpencerMarks & Spencer66% reduction in 66% reduction in development timedevelopment time 415% ROI415% ROI TSYSTSYS66% reduction in 66% reduct
42、ion in development timedevelopment time Reduced TCO by 80%, Reduced TCO by 80%, Saved $2.7MSaved $2.7M Nationwide Building Nationwide Building SocietySociety 96% fewer lines of 96% fewer lines of codecode 80% decreased IT support 80% decreased IT support callscalls Xerox Global ServicesXerox Global
43、Services66% faster time-to-66% faster time-to- marketmarket 58% decreased 58% decreased development costdevelopment cost ooDeveloper Productivity = Time-To-MarketDeveloper Productivity = Time-To-Market ooPrice Price Ease of developmentEase of development Ease of deployment Ease of deployment Time to
44、 marketTime to market = ROI= ROI MiddleWare .Net/J2EE MiddleWare .Net/J2EE BenchmarkBenchmark MiddlewareMiddleware公司公司 l l 提供高级提供高级J2EEJ2EE培训和咨询培训和咨询 l l 丰富的丰富的J2EE J2EE 开发经验和服务器技术开发经验和服务器技术 l l 建立并维护建立并维护 TheServerSTheServerS 领先的在线领先的在线J2EEJ2EE社区社区 注重于企业架构注重于企业架构 Middleware Middleware 指标指标 l l 接触接触
45、 Microsoft Microsoft 来重测来重测J2EE / .NET J2EE / .NET 性能性能 l l 花了花了4 4个月个月 测试测试J2EE / .NET J2EE / .NET 性能性能 新的全面的指标新的全面的指标 所有结果由所有结果由MiddlewareMiddleware 公司取得并鉴定公司取得并鉴定 l l 报告发布在报告发布在 http:/middleware-http:/middleware- company/j2eedotnetbenchcompany/j2eedotnetbench 可下载代码可下载代码, ,测试脚本测试脚本, , 另有讨论论坛另有讨论论坛
46、 检测的指标检测的指标 l l Web Web 应用指标应用指标 三层三层WebWeb体系结构体系结构 数据驱动的页面创建数据驱动的页面创建, , 中间层商务逻辑中间层商务逻辑, , 中间层数据缓中间层数据缓 存存, , 用户会话管理用户会话管理, , 事务事务. . l l 分布式事务处理指标分布式事务处理指标 测试测试 .NET/COM+ vs. J2EE/JTA.NET/COM+ vs. J2EE/JTA分布式事务管理分布式事务管理 运行运行2424小时以测试可靠性小时以测试可靠性 包括性能包括性能 (TPS) (TPS) 和价格和价格/ /性能比性能比 ($/TPS)($/TPS)指标
47、指标 l l Web Web 服务指标服务指标 测试测试 XML Web XML Web 服务服务 (SOAP 1.1) (SOAP 1.1) 性能性能 测试作为测试作为SOAPSOAP服务器和服务器和SOAPSOAP客户的应用客户的应用 测试的产品测试的产品 l l 两个领先的两个领先的, , 商用的商用的J2EEJ2EE应用服务器应用服务器 因为许可限制因为许可限制, , 标记为标记为J2EEJ2EE应用服务器应用服务器A A和和B B 用最新支持的用最新支持的JVMs, JVMs, 由各个应用服务器的专家由各个应用服务器的专家 全面调节全面调节 l l Windows 2000 AS W
48、indows 2000 AS 运行运行.NET Framework .NET Framework 1.01.0 l l Windows 2003Windows 2003运行运行.NET Framework 1.1 .NET Framework 1.1 l l 所有测试用所有测试用Mercury LoadRunner 7.5Mercury LoadRunner 7.5进行进行 报告要点报告要点 l l 配置配置/ /调节调节 J2EEJ2EE应用服务器花费巨大时间应用服务器花费巨大时间 为匹配为匹配.Net.Net性能性能, , 每个每个J2EEJ2EE应用服务器的调节花费了应用服务器的调节花费
49、了1010个人个人- -周的时间周的时间 调节调节.Net.Net应用只花了两个人应用只花了两个人- -周的时间周的时间 l l J2EEJ2EE应用服务器在应用服务器在 MS Windows 2000 MS Windows 2000 和和Linux RH 7.2Linux RH 7.2测试测试 应用服务器应用服务器A A 在在Windows 2000Windows 2000的性能明显优于的性能明显优于 LinuxLinux 应用服务器应用服务器B B 在两个系统上的性能相当在两个系统上的性能相当 基于这些原因基于这些原因, , 选择了选择了Windows 2000Windows 2000作为测