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1、定语从句 概念： 担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。 构成： 定语从句是由先行词、关系词两个主要部分构成的。被定语从句修饰的词被称为先行词，引导定语从句的词被称为关系词，关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。,常用的关系代词有： that, which, who, whom, whose, as 常用的关系副词：where, when, why 一 关系代词的用法 1 who/whom 二者都用于指人 who可作主语、宾语 whom只可作宾语,In this earthquake, the number of people who lost homes reached as m
2、any as 250,000. I have many friends who/whom I am going to send postcards. 2 whose 既可指人，也可指物。 作定语。 You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗朝大海的房间。,3 which 指物。 在句中作主语、宾语。 Did you see the mail which came yesterday? New Years Eve i
3、s a time which I am looking forward to. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. 4 that 既可指人，也可指物。作主语、宾语。 All that is needed is a supply of oil. The person that they were looking for was last seen in Fuzhou Road.,注意：关系代词的省略 (1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语 I have been to the city (which/t
4、hat) you visited last year. After a score of years, Johnson is not the naughty boy (who/that)he used to be. (2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语,二、关系副词的用法 1 where 在定语从句中作地点状语，代指地点。常可由介词+which取代，如in which, on which, at which, etc. Potato can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.(in which) 2 when 在定语从句中作时
5、间状语，代指时间。 常可由介词+which取代，如on which, in which, during which, etc.,I shall never forget the days when we worked on the farm.(on which) 3 why 在定语从句中作地点状语,可用for which 代替。 I have come around to explain the reasons why I was absent from the meeting.(for which),Have a try,指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份： 1.The man who
6、came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( ) 2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( ) 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( ) 4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( ),主语 宾语 定语 宾语,Have a try,5. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. ( ) 6. I like the person to whom
7、you just talked. ( ) 7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. ( ) 8. We shall never forget the days when we lived together. ( ),定语 介宾 宾语 状语,考点一：that和which,(一）以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。 1. 先行词为不定代词all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, none,nothing e.g. Finally, the t
8、hief handed everything that he had stolen. All that is needed is a supply of oil. 2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。 e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.,3. 先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，用that。 e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now. 4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。 e.g. We talked about t
9、he things and persons that we saw then. 5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。 e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly. 6. 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 e.g. Who is the person that is standing at the gate?,（二）以下情况，只能用which而不用that 1 引导非限制性定语从句 Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world
10、. 2 在定语从句中做介词的宾语，且位于关系代词前时。 Im looking for a container in which I can put all these peaches. Im looking for a container _ I can put all these peaches in.,which/that,考点二：that和who who，that在很多情况下可以通用，但是有些情况只能用who: 1. 先行词是one, ones, anyone的时候宜用who. One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell t
11、he truth. The ones who flatter me dont please me. Dont tell anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it. 2. 先行词为those的时候，宜用who为关系代词 Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.,3. 当先行词有比较长的后置定
12、语的时候 I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese. 4. 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词 为that,另一个则用who. The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 5. 在there be 开头的句子中 There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who
13、 are against him.,考点二：连接词which的用法,Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。 e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it,B B,考点三：介词+关系代词,e.
14、g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which 3. I shall never forget the days on which we wo
15、rked on the farm.,D,D,关系代词前介词的确定,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会： e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? (write for the newspaper) 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure.( be sure about sth.) 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： e.g. 1949 wa
16、s the year in which the P.R.C. was founded. ( in the year 1949),4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如： e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing. There are 50 students in our class, most of whom have been to Beijing.,5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：
17、e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.,They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.,Can you work them out?,Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions: 1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant l
18、ive. 2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class. 3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me. 4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?,for,about,on,without,考点四：关系代词as,As引导定语从句常出现于the same as, suchas, asas, soas中。在句中既可指人，也可指物，又
19、能指整个句子。 Lets meet at the same place as we did yesterday. （as作状语） As everybody knows, Shakespeare is a famous writer. (as 作know的宾语，代指整个句子。）,Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected. (as 作主语） 附：as 引导定语从句的其他常用短语 as we all know 大家都知道 as is well known 众所周知 as
20、is expected 正如预料的那样 as we can see 正如我们看到的那样 as was reported 正如报道的那样,注意： the same as 与 the same that 的区别 This is the same tool as I used last time. 这和我上次用的是同一种工具。 （the same as 意为“和是同一类”） This is the same tool that I used last time. 这和我上次用的是同一件工具。 （the same as 意为“和是同一个”）,2.such as 与 such that 的区别 They
21、 had such a fierce dog as I had never seen. 他们家有一条我从未见过的凶狗。 （as引导定语从句，在句中作seen的宾语） They had such a fierce dog that no one dare go near their house. 他们有一条如此凶的狗，以至于没人敢靠近他们家。 （such that 引导结果状语从句，that 在句中不做成分）,考点五：as与which引导的定语从句,相同点： 1 都引导非限制性定语从句 2 先行词都可指整个主句 3 都可在句中作主语、宾语或表语 不同点： 1. as引导的从句可位于句首或句末，并
22、有逗号和主句隔开；而which引导的从句只可放在后面。 e.g. As we all know, the earth is round. The student is hardworking, as anybody can see. They said they were French, which wasnt true.,2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you. 3. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接be known，be s
23、aid，be reported等,表示“正如，正像”之意。 e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.,考点六：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别 1 有无逗号 2 引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词不能省略。 3 两种定语从句往往赋予一个先行词以不同的意义。 My sister who lives in London is a doctor. 我住在伦敦的妹妹是医生。（不止一个妹妹） My sister, who lives in London
24、, is a doctor. 我的妹妹是个医生，她住在伦敦。（只有一个）,考点七：that 作关系副词时的用法 Can you work out a way_we can solve the problem? I dont like the way _you speak to her. that 作为关系副词可修饰先行词the way/a way, 在句中不做任何成分，只起到引导定语从句的作用。,（that/in which),（that/in which),考点八：than也可引导定语从句 Fewer people than we had expected were present. tha
25、n 引导的定语从句中，than之前的句子必须出现比较的词。 Tom ate more food than was good for his health.,Correct the sentences:,1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. Is that factory which your father once worked in? 3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. 4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.,_,(去掉)
26、,which,_,to,the one,Correct the sentences:,5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them. 6. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me. 8. I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.,in,when,_,(that/which),Correct the sentences:,10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of
27、 which sat a small boy. 11. We heard the news which our team won the game. 12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.,_,that,_,why,it,_,Correct the sentences:,14. That was the reason because she looked old. 15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English
28、lessons in our school. 16. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.,as,_,_,_,gives,why,Correct the sentences:,17. It is the one of the best films that have been shown recently. 18. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou. 19. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in t
29、he sky. 20. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.,that,_,_,has,As,that,_,_,Correct the sentences:,21.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from. 22. The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today. 23. Who is the worker who took some pictures of
30、the factory. 24. The bike by which I travelled was his.,as,_,Whose,_,that,_,on,_,历届高考英语单项选择题精选（五）定语从句,1.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor. A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose (89) 2.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A.it B.which C.this D.that (9
31、1) 3.In the dark street , there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom (92) 4.The weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could expect. A.what B.which C.that D.it (92) 5.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _
32、 he grew up as a child. A.which B.where C.that D.when (96),D,B,D,B,B,Go on!,6Carol said the work would be done by October.personally I doubt very much. A. it B.that C.when D.which (99) 7Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhappy. Awho Bwhich Cth
33、is Dwhat (2000) 8.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _ was very reasonable. A.which price C.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose 9._ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules. A.As B.It C.That D.Which 10.He lived in London for 3 months , during _ time
34、he learned some English. A.this B.which C.that D.same,D,B,C,A,B,Go on!,11.Oh the wall hung a picture, _ color is blue. A.whose B.of which C.which D.its 12.Whenever I met him , _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile. A.what B.which C.that D.when 13.The visitor asked the guide to take
35、his picture _ stands the famous tower. A.that B.where C.which D.there 14.The boss _ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women. A.in which B.in that C.in whose D.whose 15.I dont like _ you speak to her. A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which,A,B,B,C,A,Go on!
36、,16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._ I got wet through . A.Its the reason B.Thats why C.Theres why D.Its how 17.He made another wonderful discovery , _ of great importance to science. A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think it D.I think which is 18.He was very rude to the customs officer, _ of course made things even worse. A.who B.whom C.what D. which,B,A,D,THE END,