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1、Aihua Pan,Dept. of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, CSU Email: QQ：1102975195,系统解剖学,Introduction of Human Anatomy& Osteology,Aesculapius,WHO,Hygeia,OUTLINE,Introduction of Human Anatomy,What is Human Anatomy The classification of human anatomy The basic component of the human body
2、 Aims of the study How to study Anatomical terms,Osteology,I. General Description of Osteology II. The structure of bones III. Chemical composition IV. Development of the bones V. Functions of the bones,Introduction of Human Anatomy,I. What is human anatomy,Human anatomy is the science which deals w
3、ith the morphology and special interrelations of the structure of the human body.,II. The basic component of the human body,III. The classification of human anatomy,Systematic Anatomy Regional Anatomy Sectional Anatomy Digital Anatomy Functional Anatomy Histology Cytology Embryology,Macro-anatomy,Mi
4、cro-anatomy, Locomotor Alimentary Respiratory Urinary Genital Circulatory Endocrine Sensory Nervous,1.Systematic anatomy,2. Regional anatomy, Head and Neck Thorax Abdomen Pelvis Perineum Limbs Back and vertebral region,3. Sectional anatomy,Anatomy CT MRI,4. Digital anatomy,中国男、女虚拟人（虚拟人， 号 ）,5. Funct
5、ional anatomy,6. Histology,7. Cytology,8. Embryology,Outline,IV. Aims of the study,To understand the normal morphological structure, position and adjacency, growth and development pattern of human organs and systems, providing basic knowledge on learning pre-clinic and clinical medicine courses.,解剖学
6、的地位,恩格斯:“没有解剖学就没有医学” 讨论：有人说中医无解剖，照此 推论，中医难道就不是医学？,孔子曰：“未知生，焉知死”。只有实现生命价值的人，才能真正懂得死亡的意义。相对其他自然科学以客观为对象，医学则是研究人类自身的学问。生命现象的认识过程是循序渐进的，由整体到部分；由宏观到微观；由个体到群体；由现象到本质。医学教育的过程是“不知死，焉知生”。解剖学教学对于每个医学生而言，是窥探并正式进入医学圣殿的第一步。,V. How to study,Human anatomy is a practical science. We should attach great importance t
7、o the practice, as well as clinical correlation.,Uppsala University (1477) Sweden,The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp ）， 画家伦勃朗 （16061669 ）,VI. Anatomical terms,1. Anatomical Position,前anterior,后Posterior,上 superior,下inferior,颅侧cranial,尾侧caudal,近侧Proximal,远侧distal,桡侧radial,尺侧ulnar,腓侧fibular,胫侧tib
8、ia,腹侧ventral,背侧 dorsal,2. Terms of the direction,内Internal,外External,浅 superficial,深profound,1,2,3,4,A. Superior B. Inferior C. Distal 2. A. Anterior B. Superior C. Proximal 3. A. Medial B. Inferior C. Ventral A. Superior B. Inferior C. Left,Choices,1. A. Superior B. Inferior C. Head 2. A. Inferior
9、B. Lateral C. Radial A. Internal B. Superior C. Medial 4. A. Superior B. Inferior C. Right A. Anterior B. Proximal C. Inferior,1,2,4,5,3,Choices,3. Axis and planes, Axis Planes,Sagittal Coronal Horizontal,Vertical Sagittal Coronal,Dorsal Cranial cavity Ventral canal Ventral Thoracic cavity Abdominal
10、 cavity,Body Cavities,Locomotor system,bone,articulation,muscle,leverage,pivot of movement,power provider,Osteology,I. General Description of Osteology,Axial skeleton,Appendicular skeleton,1. Bone is an organ,Proper shape Characteristic functions Own blood and nerve supply Metabolism and plasticity,
11、2. The shape and classification,Long bones: A shaft; A cavity and two extremities Short bones: A cuboid Flat bones: Two layers of compact bone with spongy Irregular bones,II. The structure of bones,1. Bony Substance,Compact: resisting stresses and bending Spongy: arranged in line of the pressure and
12、 tension,2. Periosteum,3. Bone marrow,Red Bone Marrow: Produce blood cells Yellow Bone Marrow: Fat cells,III. Chemical composition of bones,Organic components,Protein collagen,Protein polysaccharides,Inorganic components: Calcium phosphate,Proportion of I/O is increased with aging,Jellyfish,Coral,fr
13、angible,soft,greenstick fracture,comminuted fracture,linear fracture,Relationship between fracture type and age,IV. Development of the bones,1. Intramembranous ossification,coronal suture,sagittal suture,lambdoid suture,neonatal cranial view of the above,adult cranial view of the above,Questions: Ho
14、w to increase the length and diameter? 2. What are the shaft, epiphysis, and epiphy-sial line?,2. Endochonndral ossification,Regulation of growth hormone on bone development,V. Functions of the bones,Supporting of the body Levers for muscles Protection of organs Produce blood cells Storehouse of calcium,推荐影视作品,1.韩剧：医龙-Team Medical Dragon- 有需要的时候能够迅速聚集在一起的这才是团队。 2.美剧：实习医生格蕾 豪斯医生 3.TVB：法证先锋 鉴证实录 洗冤录 等 目的：感性认识：医疗技术、设备，医院操作 理性认识：培养学生如何思考，如何分析、 如何解决问题的能力。,