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1、2017高考二轮复习,介词和介词短语,考点纵横,考纲解读,介词是英语中比较活跃的词,它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活且意义丰富。介词的考查形式多样,除了单纯考查介词外,还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此外,在定语从句中,也常考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较高,如with, beyond等。,考题导引,1(2016浙江，6)That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help._，hes reliable. 解析： 考查介词短语辨析。句意为：那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作，总是在
2、你需要帮助的时候出现。总之，他是可靠的。 2(2016全国，64) My connection with pandas goes back _ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s. 解析： go back to为固定短语，意思是“回到，追溯到”。 3(2016全国，短文改错)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time._ 解析： 固定短语dream of/about (doing) sth的意思是“梦想做某事”。,In short,to,在dreams
3、之后加上of或about,4(2016全国，44)Most of us are more focused_our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 解析： 考查介词的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。固定短语be focused on专心于，集中于。 5(2016全国，短文改错)Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenev
4、er I need help._ 解析： 固定搭配 leave.for 离开去。,on,to for,一、介词 1表示方位的at, in, on, to, beside/by和near,知识梳理,2表示方位的between和among,3表示方位的across, through, over和past,4表示时间点的at, in和on,5表示时间段的for和since,6表示交通方式的by, in和on,7表示“用”的by, in和with,8表示“除外”的except, except for和besides,9其他常考介词的用法 (1)against的用法,(2)beyond的用法,(3)ov
5、er的用法,(4)to的用法,(5)under的用法,(6)with的用法,二、介词短语 介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。 While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything in return.(2014浙江高考) 当詹姆斯住在这个村里的时候，他无私地把他的任何东西都与村民分享而不图任何回报。,Starting your own business could be a wa
6、y to achieving financial independence.On the other hand, it could just put you in debt.(2014江西高考) 自己做生意或许是获得经济独立的一种方法，另一方面，它也可能让你负债。,知识积累,介词的常用搭配一览 1介词与名词的常用搭配 (1)atn.表示状态 at a loss 不知所措 at peace 处于和平中 at war 在战争中 at work 在工作 (2)其他以at开头的介词短语 at the beginning of 在的开始 at the cost of 以的代价 at the risk o
7、f 冒的危险 at the mercy of 在支配下；任由摆布,(3)onn.表示状态 on exhibition/show 在展出 on fire 着火 on sale 出售，打折 on the way 在途中 on the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加 on holiday/vacation 在度假 on duty/guard 在值班/站岗,(4)其他以on开头的介词短语 on account of 因为 on behalf of 代表 on no account/condition 决不 (5)byn.表示方式 by accident 偶然 by air/plan
8、e 乘飞机 by chance 偶然 by coincidence 碰巧 by hand 用手工 by mistake 错误地 by the day 按天算 by nature 天生地,(6)inn.表示方式 in cash 用现金付款 in width 在宽度上 in depth 在深度上 in detail 详细地 in size 在大小上 in height 在高度上 in length 在长度上 in English 用英语 (7)其他以in开头的介词短语 in need of 需要 in no case 决不 in no time立刻 in no way 决不 in place of
9、 代替 in possession of 拥有，占有 in addition to 另外 in charge of 掌管 in response to作为回应 in return 作为回报,in spite of 尽管 in exchange for 作为交换 in favor of 支持，赞成 in case of 万一；如果；假如 in celebration of 为庆祝 in control of 管理；控制；操纵 in honour of 为向表示敬意 in memory of 为了纪念 in support of 为支持 in the charge of 在的管理下 in the
10、direction of 在方向 in the face of 面对,(8)ofn.表示特征(等于相应的形容词) of benefit 有益处的 of help 有帮助的 of importance 重要的 of significance 有意义的 of use 有用的 of value 有价值的 (9)out ofn.表示状态 out of balance 失去平衡 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control 不受控制 out of date 过期 out of debt 不欠债 out of order 出故障 out of shape 走样，不成形 out o
11、f sight 看不到 out of the question 不可能 out of work 失业,(10)undern.表示被动 under attack 遭到袭击 under discussion 在讨论中 under pressure 在压力下 under treatment 在治疗中 under control 处于控制之中 under construction 在建造中 (11)withn.表示方式 with delight/joy 高兴地 with difficulty 困难地 with ease轻而易举地 with fear 害怕地 with pleasure 乐意地,(12)
12、beyondn.表示“超出，难以” beyond compare无与伦比 beyond reach够不到 beyond description难以描述 beyond doubt不用怀疑，确实地 beyond expression/words难以表达 2介词与形容词的常用搭配 (1)beadj.about be anxious about 忧虑 be curious about 对好奇,be particular about 对讲究/挑剔 be worried/concerned about 对担心 (2)beadj.at be angry at因生气 be good at擅长 be aston
13、ished at对吃惊 be present at出席 be disappointed at对失望 (3)beadj.in be absorbed in专注于 be active in积极于 be dressed in穿着 be engaged in 忙于,be rich in富含 be occupied in忙于 be interested in对感兴趣 be involved in包括在中，被卷入 (4)beadj.for be eager for渴望 be famous for以著名 be fit for适合，胜任 be hungry for渴望 be ready for准备好 be s
14、orry for对感到抱歉 be thankful for因而感激 be anxious for急切盼望，渴望 be prepared for为做好准备,(5)beadj.from be absent from 缺席 be different from 不同于 be far from 远离 be free from 不受影响 (6)beadj.to be close to接近 be contrary to与相反 be devoted to致力于 be equal to等于 be familiar to 对来说熟悉 be friendly to 对友好 be good to对有好处 be gra
15、teful to对心存感激 be harmful to对有危害 be kind to对友好 be opposed to反对 be similar to与相似 be/get used to (变得)习惯于,(7)beadj.of be aware of意识到 be fond of喜欢 be full of充满 be proud of因而自豪 be short of缺乏 be tired of厌烦 be ashamed of为感到羞耻 (8)beadj.with be busy with忙于 be filled with充满 be combined with与结合 be content with对
16、满意,be covered with被覆盖 be familiar with对熟悉 be patient with对有耐心 be popular with受的欢迎 be satisfied with对满意 be pleased with对感到满意 by angry with (sb.)对(某人)发怒 be concerned with与有关；涉及，关心，关注,考点突破,考点 语境词义辨析 1.The dictionary is _：many words have been added to the language since it was published.(2016天津，2) A.out
17、 of control B.out of date C.out of sight D.out of reach,解析 考查“out of名词”型介词短语辨析。句意为：这部词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。out of date过时，符合语境。out of control失控；out of sight看不见；out of reach够不着。,2.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea？(2015浙江，3) A.about B.to C.with D.over,
18、解析 考查固定搭配。句意为：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？be home to为固定搭配，意为“是的栖息地，是的家园”。,3.Most people work because its unavoidable._，there are some people who actually enjoy work.(2015浙江，10) A.As a result B.In addition C.By contrast D.In conclusion,解析 考查介词短语辨析。句意为：大多数人工作因为这是无法避免的，相比之下，也有一些人确实喜欢工作。根据语境可知，此处表示前后对比。by contras
19、t相比之下，符合语境。as a result结果；in addition另外，此外；in conclusion总之。,4.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.(2015江苏，34) A.thanks to B.regardless of C.aside from D.but for,解析 考查介词短语辨析。句意为：如果没有托马斯爱迪生的话，我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanks to幸亏，由于；regardless of不管，不顾；aside from除了，除以外；bu
20、t for要不是，如果没有的话。由句意知选D项。,5.This meeting room is a nonsmoking area.I would like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015湖北，30) A.in advance B.in detail C.in total D.in general,解析 考查“in名词”型短语意义辨析。句意为：这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你将会被罚款。根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知，说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实，所以选择in
21、advance。in detail详细地；in total总共；in general一般来说。,6.The little pupil took his grandma_ the arm and walked her across the street.(2015陕西，12) A.on B.by C.in D.at,解析 句意为：那个小学生搀着奶奶的胳膊，送她过了街道。“动词sb.介词the人体部位”是习惯用法，根据身体的不同的部位变化介词，如：pat sb. on the head，hit sb.in the face等。,7.A common memory they all have _ t
22、heir school days is the school uniform.(2015福建，22) A.of B.on C.to D.with,解析 考查介词的用法。句意为：他们对校园岁月的共同记忆就是校服。本句使用了have a memory of这一搭配，意为“对的记忆”。,考点归纳,1.几组常见的介词短语 (1)out of名词 out of question毫无疑问；out of the question不可能；out of order次序颠倒；out of sight看不见；out of place不合适；out of pity出于同情；out of curiosity出于好奇 (
23、2)in名词 in power掌权；in good condition状态良好；in despair绝望地；in public/secret公开地/秘密地；in tears哭泣；in good/bad repair保养得好/不好；in charge负责，掌管；in a hurry 匆忙； in anger生气；in trouble有困难,(3)in名词介词 in case of以防万一；in honor of为了纪念；in favor of支持；in memory of为了纪念；in charge of负责；in terms of从角度；in need of需要；in praise of表扬；
24、in view of鉴于；in return for作为对的回报；in response to对的答复或反应 (4)under名词 under control受控；under attack遭到攻击；under way在进行中；under discussion在讨论；under consideration在讨论/考虑中 (5)at名词 at work在工作；at play在玩耍；at dinner在吃饭；at ease轻松，自由自在；at war 在打仗,(6)on名词 on fire着火；on purpose故意地；on duty值日；on the phone在打电话；on leave在休假；
25、 on holiday在度假；on a walk在散步；on the rise/fall上升/下降；on sale出售；on show/exhibition展出；on business 出差；on ones way to在去的路上；on a visit/trip/tour出行 (7)to ones情感名词 to ones surprise令某人惊讶的是；to ones joy使某人高兴的是；to ones disappointment令某人失望的是；to ones delight使某人高兴的是,2.注意下列短语中介词的用法 for nothing不花钱，免费 come across the r
26、oom穿过房间 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 get paid by the week按周获得报酬 be particular about.对苛求、挑剔 with satisfaction满意地 be second to none不输于任何人；不比任何东西差 on ones own独自地 in great quantity大量地，大批量,in great demand需求量很大 take a turn for the better正朝更好的方向发展 keep an eye on照看，照料 with the help of在的帮助下 under the leadership
27、 of在的领导下 the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章 a bird in the tree树上的鸟 apples on the tree树上的苹果 tickets for the concert音乐会的票 in the direction of朝着的方向,from the direction of从的方向 set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样 3.下列短语中to 为介词 belong to属于 date back to追溯到 look forward to盼望；期望 be addicted to沉溺于 be accustomed to习惯于
28、 be/get used to doing.习惯于做 be devoted to.致力于 stick to坚持,.单句填空 1.(2016全国)But my connection with pandas goes back_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s. 2.(2016全国)Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 3.(2015新课标)For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hou
29、r away car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.,真题感悟,to,on,by,4.(2015新课标) the same time, they warm up again for the night. 5.(2015湖南)There is a lot more material available, which means you may be overwhelmed the amount of information. 6.(2015福建)A common memory they all have their sch
30、ool days is the school uniform. 7.(2015广东)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.,At,with,of,for,8.(2015重庆)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 the average. 9.(2014新课标)I got a
31、 place next the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. 10.(2014福建)By focusing on saving oil, water, paper, food, and clothing, we are playing a part cutting down on waste. 11.(2014广东)I didnt understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged the reservation. 12.(2014
32、湖南)In this way, everyone will live peace.,above,to,in,for,in,.单句改错 1.(2015新课标)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. 2.(2015新课标)Tony saw a toy on a shop window. 3.(2015陕西)My soccer coach retired in last week.,.on改为with,on改为in,去掉in,4.(2015浙江)My old
33、classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass. 5.(2014新课标)We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. 6.(2014大纲)The more friends we have, the more we can learn for one another, and the more pleasure we can share together.,from改为of,lis
34、tening后加to,for改为from,7.(2014新课标)Nearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden. 8.(2014新课标)As result, the plants are growing everywhere. 9.(2014新课标)Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.,by改为of,As后加a,wit
35、h改为for,10.(2014陕西)My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. 11.(2014四川)Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm goes off. 12.(2014四川)If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.,on改为at,with改为about,wait后加for,Finish off the Workbook exercises.,布置作业,