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1、Airborne Doppler lidar surface returns: data products other than tropospheric winds,G. D. Emmitt and C. OHandley Simpson Weather Associates Charlottesville, VA. Hangzhou, China October, 2002,TODWL: the program (Twin Otter Doppler Wind Lidar),SPAWAR and ONR 35/SBIR Program provided the lidar and supp
2、orted its integration into the CIRPAS Twin Otter IPO has co-funded the lidar adaptation to the Twin Otter. IPO has solely funded the mission planning, flight hours, data collection and the post flight installation of the lidar in a trailer for inter-flight research.,TODWL : the aircraft,Navy Twin Ot
3、ter operated by CIRPAS out of Marina, CA Unpressurized ( 10 ft normal operations) Cruise speeds 100 - 140 kts Equiped with: GPS/INS Dropsonde aerosol probes temperature, water vapor, turbulence sensors,TODWL : the instrument,2m coherent detection 4-6 mJ (330 nsec pulse) 80 Hz water cooled 7-10% tota
4、l system efficiency 10 cm two axis scanner, side door mounted GUI with realtime instrument control and data display Weight: 250lb Power: 1.5 KW,TODWL 2-axis scanner,The Experiments,Airborne missions over various water bodies (open ocean, surf zone, large rivers, lakes and wetlands) in the vicinity o
5、f Monterey, CA Laboratory studies using a water slide to simulate observations at differing incidence angles,Objectives,Check out the operations of an airborne 2m coherent, semi-hemispherical scanned DWL Investigate the utility of water surface returns at 2m for space-based and airborne DWLs (ocean,
6、 lake, river, & wetlands) Compare DWL wind soundings with RAOBs, microwave sounders, met towers, ground-based DWLs and assorted surface observations Investigate the use of an airborne DWL to provide cal/val data for scatterometers and RadarSat Demonstrate the application of LAHDSSA for future space-
7、based DWL missions. Collect aerosol data along with lidar data to assist in the interpretation of signals from the LAS,TODWL sounding looking up (20seconds),TODWL sounding looking down (20 seconds),Microwave sounding Ft Ord (30 minutes),0030 UTC March 2002,Aircraft flight level,Water surface returns
8、 as a function of incidence angle at 2m with a coherent Doppler lidar,Modeled reflectance from ocean surface for a wind speed of 7.5m/s (Tratt, 2002),along wind direction,Cross wind direction,200,400,600,1000,800,1200,1400,1600,Range from aircraft (meters),LAS returns,Water surface returns,Nadir ang
9、le,Relative spectral amplitude (range corrected) using 400 shot integration,TODWL returns collected over Monterey Bay, 12 March 2002,Single shot data used to obtain 400 shot average at 3 degrees off nadir,Water surface,Single shot data used to obtain 400 shot average at 33 degrees off nadir,Water su
10、rface,TODWL signal as a function of nadir angle,Spectrum for range gate 20 associated with the data shown in previous slide. The data has not been fully corrected for the aircraft forward motion,Water,LAS,Observing ocean wave motion and the atmospheric Layer Adjacent to the Surface (LAS),Monterey Ba
11、y 12 March 2002,Investigation of Organized Large Eddies within the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer,Summary,In addition to horizontal and vertical winds, an airborne Doppler lidar can be used to study water surface motions and their correlations with aerosols. These correlations have significance i
12、n the interpretation of data obtained with space based lidars and also the parameterization of fluxes over water surfaces at wind speeds above those that produce whitecaps. The investigation of Organized Large Eddies will be among the objectives of future TODWL flights,Acknowledgements,This work was
13、 funded by the Office of Naval Research through the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-piloted Aircraft Studies and by the Integrated Program Office of NPOESS,TODWL,Twin Otter Doppler Wind Lidar,Funded by USN and IPO,First Flight Series 11-15 Feb. 2002,2 m lidar 10 cm scanner (1st of its kind),Na
14、vy Twin Otter Operated by CIRPAS,Equipped for aerosol sampling,VADS to measure LOS component of aircraft TAS,Signals 5 km ahead of aircraft for backscatter calibration using particle probes,PIs: Emmitt and Bluth,TODWL obtaining a wind profile above the aircraft,CTI,Particle Probe Cluster,Cloud Stree
15、ts over Monterey Bay, February, 2002,TODWL: participants,Simpson Weather Associates (SWA) G. D. Emmitt () Science lead C. OHandley () Data processing and advanced algorithm development S. Greco () Ancillary data from sounders, buoys, numerical models and other data sources for comparison,Center for
16、Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) R. Bluth (rtbluthnps.navy.mil) Platform lead Nava Roy (nava_) Software support Haf Jonsson (hjonssonnps.navy.mil) Aerosol probe data responsibility Mike Duncan (mhduncancirpas.org) Project oversight Roy Woods (rkwoodscirpas.org) Pilot and
17、aircraft systems engineer Mike Hubbell () Chief pilot,Coherent Technologies Incorporated (CTI) Steve Shertz () TODWL would not have happened without his technical support Phil Gatt () Project responsibility within CTI. Also provided experience based input to the operations of the TODWL lidar Rod Mun
18、son (RodneyM) Software support. University of Alabama at Huntsville (UAH) David Bowdle (David.Bowdlemsfc.nasa.gov) Aerosol/Lidar backscatter,University of Washington (UW) Ralph Foster (ralphapl.washington.edu) Arranged for RADARSAT data collection over the Monterey Bay during TODWL flights. Robert B
19、rown (rabrownatmos.washington.edu) Involved in the interpretation of QuikScat and RADARSAT data taken during TODWL under-flights United States Geological Survey (USGS) John Costa (jecostausgs.gov) Arranged for surface flow velocity observations on the San Joaquin River during TODWL overflights. NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL) M. Hardesty (michael.hardestynoaa.gov) Helped arrange for lidar operations during TODWL over flights A. Brewer (abreweretl.noaa.gov) Operated NOAAs lidars during the overflights,