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1、十、名词性从句,语法专项,跟踪训练,语法专项精讲 细筛选巧拓展,考点一 名词性从句的种类 1.主语从句 it作形式主语,常见的句型有: (1)It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,important,good, wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that 从句。 (2)It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。,(3)It+be+过去分词(said,reported,
2、thought,expected,decided,announced, arranged,etc.)+that从句。 It is important that this mission (should) not fail. 这项使命不失败至关重要。 2.表语从句 (1)because引导的表语从句强调原因,而why引导的表语从句强调结果。 If Im a bit sleepy,its because I was up all night. 如果我有点困,是因为一夜没睡。 Thats why I object to the plan. 这就是我反对这个计划的原因。,(2)由as if/as th
3、ough引导的表语从句 Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。 3.宾语从句 (1)形式宾语it:在动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面 有宾语补足语的时候则需要用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of water every day. 我认为我们每天多喝水是有必要的。 (2)有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句,需要借助形式宾语it。常见的动词有 like,dis
4、like,hate,love,enjoy,appreciate等。 He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。,4.同位语从句 (1)分隔式同位语从句 The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息传 开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。 (2)同位语从句与定语从句的区别 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容进一步解释、说明,引导词that只起引导 作用,在句中不作任何成分,一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行 修饰、限制,引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。,The news that t
5、hey had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(同位语从句,进一步解释the news的内容) The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(定语从句,它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”),特别提示 that,what引导名词性从句的区别: that引导名词性从句,在从句中不作任何成分,that本身无意义,只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表
6、语等,what表示“的东西或事情”。请比较: What I need is more time.(what引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语) That I need more time to do the work is very clear.(that引导主语从句,在从句中不作任何成分) The village is no longer what it used to be.(what引导表语从句,在从句中作表语) I had no idea what we should do next.(what引导同位语从句,在从句中作宾语) He will tell us what he saw in L
7、ondon.(what引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语),考点二 whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句 1.whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换,但下列情况常用whether,不用if。 (1)与or或or not连用时只能用whether。 (2)从句作介词宾语时只能用whether。 I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能熬过这次疾病的关键时刻。 2.在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。 It remains to be seen w
8、hether the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. 新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。,考点三 what,wh-ever引导的名词性从句 1.what引导名词性从句时,what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 “Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.”This is what my mother used to tell me. “每次你吃糖的时候要喝点绿茶。”这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的事情。 2.“疑问词+ever”可引导名词性从句,在从句中要充当
9、一定的成分。 whoever与whatever表泛指,意为“无论谁”,“无论什么”;whichever表 示在特定范围内选择,意为“无论哪一个/哪一些”。 Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. 任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。,特别提示 “疑问词+ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。如: Whatever you say,I will not believe you.(让步状语从句) 无论你说什么,我都不相信。 但“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。,真题链接,1.Im not sure is
10、more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. (2018全国) 2.Without his support, we wouldnt be we are now. (2018北京卷),答案及剖析: 1.who 考查宾语从句的连接词。句意:我不确定谁更害怕,是我还是那只雌猩猩故填连接代词who。 2.where 考查表语从句。句意:假如没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。where表地点。“ we are now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,
11、故该从句应用where引导。,3.The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018天津卷) 4.(改错)I was afraid that to speak in front of a large group of people.(2018全国),答案及剖析: 3.whoever 考查名词性从句连接词。句意:金牌将被授予在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。 4.去掉that “害怕做”应为be afraid to
12、 do . 因此去掉that。,跟踪训练运用 重实效冲高考,.单句语法填空 1.You have to know youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.,答案及剖析: 1.where 考查宾语从句。You have to know 后面是一个宾语从句。句意:如果你要计划好去某地的最佳方案,你必须知道你要去哪里。故用where引导宾语从句。,2.The best student of the year shared his experience of he had managed to achieve excel
13、lence in his preparation for the college entrance examination. 3.The journey was intended to achieve more than Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.,答案及剖析: 2.how 考查宾语从句。句意:今年最优秀的学生分享了他在准备高考时如何做到优秀的经历。此处表示如何做到优秀的,从句中不缺宾语,排除填连接代词,故填how。 3.what 考查名词性从句。引导词在从句中作had done的宾语,故用what。,4.However, there are a
14、 number of other reasons that might explain you want to garden. 5.We now realize important family is and how important to be near them, especially when youre training children.,答案及剖析: 4.why 考查名词性从句。why引导宾语从句。根据句意“然而,有许多别的理由可以解释为什么你想种植”可知,用why引导。 5.how 考查宾语从句的连接词。根据后面的how important可知此处填的也是how。,6.Even
15、tually, I decided to follow her and happened truly amazed me. 7.The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do. 8.Your support is important to our work.You can do helps.,答案及剖析: 6.what 考查主语从句。本句中连接代词what引导主语从句what happened并在句中作主语。句意:发生的事情真的让我很惊讶。 7.that
16、考查同位语从句。句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容,而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导,that不作成分,只是起着连接的作用。 8.whatever 考查宾语从句。helps是宾语从句的谓语。在主句中,do后缺少宾语,因此用whatever引导。,9.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust. 10.As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians fig
17、ured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.,答案及剖析: 9.that 考查表语从句。句意:雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语,即表语从句,表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语,因此用that,只起引导作用。 10.how 考查名词性从句。how引导宾语从句,表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚。,.单句语法改错(含非本专项及一句二错试题) 1.The games my parents taught me where I was
18、a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.(2018全国) 2.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. (2016全国),答案及剖析: 1.wherewhen 句意:当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。此处是用when引导时间状语从句。故把where改为when。 2.thatwhere 考查宾语从句的引导词。介词后面的宾语从句缺少状语,根据句意判断此处表示地点,故that改为where。,3.The first r
19、eason why I consider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm personality. 4.Last term, I couldnt accept the truth which I failed in my math examination. 5.There is no doubt whether it is of great help to their study and future life.,答案及剖析: 3.becausethat 主语为名词reason,表语从句中的连接词要用that。 4.whi
20、chthat 名词truth后为同位语从句,从句中不缺少成分,故改为that. 5.whetherthat There is no doubt that .“毫无疑问”,为固定句式。,6.And you should also have a belief you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time. 7.It is nice to hear from you for such a long time. 8.That surprised me most was the beauty of the
21、scenes.,答案及剖析: 6.belief后加that belief后为同位语从句,that不可缺失。 7.forafter 句意:过了这么久之后能收到你的消息真是太好了。通常介词for与时间段连用,而after与时间点连用;收到你的书信或得到你的消息是时间点。 8.ThatWhat 主语从句中缺主语,应用what。that 引导主语从句在从句中不作成分,且无意义。,9.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. 10.Its worrying which the ice at the North Pole is melting as a result global warming.,答案及剖析: 9.thatwhere 句意:我的叔叔是我住处附近一家餐馆的老板。宾语从句中live 后缺少地点状语,故用where 引导。 10.whichthat it 是形式主语,worrying 后是主语从句;从句的引导词不在从句中作成分,所以应为that。 global 前加of as a result 相当于副词,作状语;as a result of 是介词短语,后跟名词等。,谢谢观赏！,