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1、Unit Thirteen,. 重点词汇必背 每个单元20个，其中重点单词15个，重点短语5个。 . 核心词汇运用 从本单元的重点词汇中选出核心单词7个和核心短语3个进行了精讲。 . 语法突破 对高考的各语法知识点进行精讲，并对该考点进行分析和训练。 或. 题型突破 对高考中的题型的进行分析，对它的解法进行归纳，并对该题型进行针对性训练。 . 作文模板必背 针对高考各话题列出模板，供考生记忆。,一、重点单词 1. destination destinein n. 目的地；终点；指定地点 2. detail di:teil n. 细节，详情 3. detective ditektiv n. 侦探
2、；刑警 adj. 侦探的；探测的；推理的 4. develop divelp v. 发展；开展；发扬；开发；冲洗（照片）；形成 5. devote divut v. 把奉献；专心；献身 6. difference difrns n. 不同；差别；分歧；差额 7. difficult difiklt adj. 难的，艰难的，困难的 8. dig dig v. 挖（洞沟），掘 9. direct d(a)irekt v. 指导；指引；指挥； adj. 直的；直接的；直率的 adv. 直接地 10. direction d(a)irekn n. 方向，方位；指导，指示；说明书 11. disable
3、d diseibld adj. 伤残的，残疾的 12. disappointed dispintid adj. 感到失望的；感到沮丧的 13. disaster diza:st n. 灾难；祸患；天灾 14. discover diskv v. 发现，察觉，识破 15. discount diskaunt n. 折扣，贴现 v. 打折扣 二、重点短语 16. come from 出生于，来自于 17. compare to 把比作，喻为 18. congratulate sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事 19. consider .as 把看作；认为是 20. consist of 由组成
4、,构词 development n. 发展；开发；生长；进展；摄显影；新开发区 developed adj.发达的，成熟的 developing adj. 发展中的 用法 develop to/into. 发展到或发展成 例句 Languages develop continually through usage. 语言在使用中不断发展。 操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。 (1) 该小港市已发展成为一个大城市。 The small port _ a big city. (2) 我们已经得到了对外贸易方面的新进展。 We have got the _ in foreign trade. (3) 现
5、代音乐最初是在意大利发展起来的。 Modern music _ in Italy. Keys: (1) has developed into (2) latest developments (3) was first developed,一、重点单词 1. develop v. 发展；开展；发扬；开发；冲洗（照片）；形成,2. devote v. 把奉献；专心；献身,构词 devotion n. 虔诚；献身；奉献； devoted adj. 热爱投入的；深爱的；全心全意的 用法 devote.to 把献于或用于；为付出 devote oneself to.致力于；投身于;献身于 例句 He w
6、as still devoted to the study of chemistry. 他仍专心致力于化学研究。 操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。 (1) 他对科学的献身精神为人熟知。 His _ science is well known. (2) 他将一生奉献给了音乐。 He _ himself entirely _ music. (3) 她深爱着她的母亲并照顾了她很多年。 She _ her mother and looked after her for many years. Keys: (1) devotion to (2) devoted, to (3) was devoted to
7、,3. difference n. 不同；差别；分歧；差额,构词 different adj. 不同的；差异的；分别的；各不相同的 differently adv.不同地 用法 make a/some/no difference 对有或一些或没有作用或影响；对重要不重要 be different from/to/than. 与不同 例句 Flowers make no difference to this room. 这房间有没有花没什么区别。 操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。 (1) 这场雨对比赛没多大影响。 The rain didnt _ the game. (2) 他们的房子与我们的不同
8、。 Their house is _ ours. (3) 他和十几年前比完全是另外一个人。 He is a _ man from what he was over ten years ago. Keys: (1) make much difference to (2) different than/to/from (3) different,4. difficult adj. 难的，艰难的，困难的,构词 difficulty n. 困难；争议；麻烦 用法 be difficult for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做是困难的 be difficult in 在方面难 in dif
9、ficulty 处境困难 例句 The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题难以回答。 操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。 (1) 他勇敢地面对困难。 He faced the _ with courage. (2) 英语是一门难学的语言。 English is a _ language to learn. (3) 两幢房子都这么漂亮，让人难以作出抉择。 _ to choose between such two nice houses. Keys: (1) difficulty (2) difficult (3) It is difficult,5. dire
10、ct v. 指导；指引；指挥； adj. 直的；直接的；直率的 adv. 直接地,构词 directive adj. 指导的，指挥的，管理的 director n. 董事；经理；导演；主管，总监；指挥者 direction n.方向；指导；用法说明；趋势；目标；管理 用法 come/go direct 直接来或去 go in all directions 四面八方走去 例句 Im in direct contact with the hijackers. 我与劫机者保持着直接的联系。 操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。 (1) 昨晚的音乐会是谁指挥的? Whos _ at yesterdays c
11、oncert? (2) 导演叫这名女演员休息一下。 The _ told the actress to have a rest. (3) 让我直接到车站去为他送行。 Lets go_ to the station to see him off. Keys: (1) directing (2) director (3) direct,6. disabled adj. 伤残的，残疾的,构词 disable v. 使失去能力 the disabled 残疾人 用法 disable by 因而残疾 disable for 使不能 disable from 丧失做的能力 例句 He was disabl
12、ed from walking by the accident. 由于车祸，他不能走路了。 操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。 (1) 年迈使他不能干繁重的工作。 Old age _ him for hard labour. (2) 雇主受鼓励雇用残废的工人。 Employers are being encouraged to hire _ workers. Keys: (1) disabled (2) disabled,7. discover v. 发现，察觉，识破,构词 discovery n. 发现；发现物 discoverer n.发现者 用法 discover among 在之中发现 d
13、iscover sth. by 通过发现某物 例句 The fact is that he did not discover it. 事实是他没有发现它。 操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。 (1) 后来发现他原来是间谍。 He was later _ have been a spy. (2) 我们发觉行李被偷了。 We _ our luggage had been stolen. (3) 每天都有新的科学发现。 New scientific _ are being made everyday. Keys: (1) discovered to (2) discovered that (3) dis
14、coveries,二、重点短语,比较 come from (强调动作)=be from（强调状态）来自于 come from behind 迎头赶上 例句 He comes from Holland, but she comes from Sweden. 他来自于荷兰，但她来自于瑞典。 操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。 (1) 正确的思想来自社会实践。 Correct ideas _ social practice. (2) 玛丽出身于艺术家庭。 Mary _ an artistic family. (3) 那位候选员在此次选举中脱颖而出，意外当选。 A dark horse candidate
15、 _ to win the election. Keys: (1) come from (2) comes from (3) came from behind,8. come from 出生于，来自于；起源于,9. consider as 把看作；认为是,比较 consider as=consider to be+n. /adj. 例句 What kind of job would you consider as an ideal job? 你觉得怎样才是一份理想的工作? 操练 填入适当的词组使句子完整。 (1) 你认为你的优点是什么? What do you _ your strengths
16、? (2) 人们认为可口可乐的含糖量很高。 Coca Cola _ be rich in sugar. Keys: (1) consider to be/as (2) is considered to,10. consist of 由组成,比较 be made up of 由组成 be made of 由材料做成 例句 How many players does a baseball team consist of? 棒球队由几名队员组成? 操练 填入适当的词组使句子完整。 (1) 这船是用钢板造的。 The ship _ steel plates. (2) 每个小组至少由十人组成。 Each
17、 group shall _ not less than ten members . (3) 那个医疗队由十个医生组成。 The medical team _ ten doctors. Keys: (1) was made of (2) consist of (3) was made up of/consisted of,一、非谓语动词的概念和种类,二、动词不定式 1.动词不定式的用法,2.动词不定式省略to(即动词原形)的几种情况,3.动词不定式的表达形式,1.动名词的用法,三、动名词,2.动名词的表达形式,四、分词(现在分词和过去分词),1.分词的句法功能,2.现在分词的表达形式,五、接动
18、词不定式和动名词作宾语或状语的动词用法对比,六、接动名词与动词不定式作宾语的动词用法对比,七、表“需要”的动词接动名词和不定式的主被动形式不同,【非谓语动词考点分析】,下面是近几年高考题对非谓语动词的考查。通过题目,我们来分析一下非谓语动词的用法和考点主要分布情况。 1.(2015年全国卷)A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 【分析】 conducted。考查非谓语动词。过去分词在句中
19、作定语。 2.(2015年全国卷)Abercrombie & Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it 69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 【分析】 70.living。考查非谓语动词。现在分词在句中作定语。 3.(2016年全国卷 )But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I w
20、as the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【分析】 66.permitted。过去分词作定语修饰the first Western TV reporter。,【非谓语动词考点分析】,4.(2016年全国卷)My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at
21、Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 【分析】 introducing。考查非谓语动词。 include doing sth.包括做某事。 5.(2017年全国卷)They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 【分析】 63.to process。考查非谓语动词的不定式。句意:他们被要求加工食物,require表
22、示“要求”,require sb.to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”,被动形式为“sb.be required to do sth.”,表示“某人被要求做某事”。故填to process。 6.(2017年全国卷)Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt;by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 【分析】 68.eating。考查动名词。句意:通过吃更多的快餐,人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的
23、by可知此处应该填名词,所以填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。,【非谓语动词考点分析】,7.(2017年全国卷)This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top.When all those had been done,the road surface was replaced. 【分析】 63.laying。考非谓语动词。与digging,building是并列关系,故形式一致。 8.(2017年全国卷)This development wa
24、s only possible with the 69 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. 【分析】 69.introducing。考非谓语动词。the后接动名词。 9.(2018年全国卷)You dont have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. 【分析】 62.to see。考查不等式作目的状语。句意:你不需要跑快或跑久就能看到好处。,【非谓语动词考点分析】,10.(2018年全国卷)You may drink,smoke,be overweight and sti
25、ll reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running. 【分析】 63.dying。考查动名词。介词of后接动名词。句意:你可以喝酒,抽烟,超重,同时还可以通过跑步来降低你过早死亡的风险。 从近几年的高考题看,每年都会考几道非谓语动词题。主要注意在什么情况下用:句中已经有了谓语动词了,又出现动词且没有连词连接作并列谓语。这时只能使用非谓语动词。一般来说,不定式表目的和将来;现在分词或动名词表主动和进行;过去分词表被动和过去。,【非谓语动词同步练习】,一、单项选择 ( )1.Shall we go swimming? OK,Ill just go an
26、d get . A.to change B.changed C.it changed D.changing B (get后面加动词过去分词形式,根据题意表示“我将会去更衣”,该表达为get changed。) ( )2.The lab next year will be more advanced than the old one. A.built B.to be built C.being built D.to build B (考查动词不定式作后置定语。build跟the lab之间构成被动关系,且时态为将来时,故用to be done。) ( )3.My pen friend Sam s
27、ent me an E-mail, to get further information. A.hoped B.to hope C.hope D.hoping D (考查分词作状语,题目中表伴随状态,而hope与主句中的主语构成主动关系,因此用现在分词。),【非谓语动词同步练习】,( )4. to make a speech,Id be very glad to. A.When asked B.When asking C.To be asked D.When he was asking A (考查分词作状语,题目中ask与主句中的主语构成被动关系,因此用过去分词形式。) ( )5. the i
28、diom,the little girl looked it up in the dictionary. A.Never having learned B.Not learning C.Having not learned D.Having never learned D (考查分词作状语,题中强调“女孩从没学过这句俗语”的前提下再去“查字典”,该处用完成时,且learn与主句中主语构成主动关系,因此用主动形式的完成式having done结构。),【非谓语动词同步练习】,( )6.When the bus crashed,your elder brother ? A.escaped hurt
29、,didnt he B.escaped being hurt,didnt he C.escaped hurting,didnt he D.escaped to be hurt,didnt he B (考查动名词作宾语, escape doing sth.“避免做某事”, hurt与主语构成被动关系, 故用escape being done。) ( )7.They said any packet properly wouldnt be accepted by the post office. A.not to be wrapped B.not being wrapped C.not wrappe
30、d D.not having been wrapped C (考查分词作定语, wrap与packet构成被动关系,因此用过去分词形式,在分词前加not表示否定。),【非谓语动词同步练习】,二、语法填空:用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.A cool rain was falling, (mix) with snow. mixed (考查过去分词作状语, mix与主语构成被动关系。) 2.The man (sit) between our headmaster and Jim is the editor of the book. sitting (考查现在分词作定语,表动作正在进行。) 3.The
31、 stone bridge built last year needs (repair). repairing/to be repaired (考查动名词或动词不定式作宾语,题中the stone bridge与repair构成被动关系。need doing sth.或need to be done均表示被动意思。) 4. The light in the classroom is still on. Oh,I forgot (turn) it off. to turn (考查动词不定式作宾语, forget to do sth.表示忘记要去做某事(未做)。forget doing sth.表
32、示忘记做过某事(已做,但忘记了)。题中“灯还亮着”说明“忘记要去关灯”,所以用to turn。),【非谓语动词同步练习】,5.Sometimes I hear someone (sing) English songs downstairs. singing (考查感官动词后接动名词作宾语补足语,强调动作正在进行。) 6. (improve) his English,Li Ming decides to go further study in Australia this summer. To improve (考查动词不定式作状语,表目的。) 7.The girl, (disturb) so
33、badly,almost lost her memory. having been disturbed (考查分词作状语。题中disturb与主语构成被动关系,且突出了先发生disturb这个动作,再发生lost her memory此动作,因此分词用完成时的被动结构having been done。),高考话题：个人感情（personal emotions）-90后的情感特点 Born in one-child family in 90s, I think we have more advantages than disadvantages. Firstly，we are confident
34、,quick-minded and creative. Besides，we have a rich knowledge and more chances to receive a better education，such as attending different kinds of interest classes，studying abroad etc.Whats more，it is fast for us to learn to use all kinds of new science technological tools in such an information times. But we feel quite lonely sometimes and we are lack of strong will when we meet difficulties. We seldom think for others or care about them，at the same time，we are easy to have a gap with our parents because of their high expectations.(100 words),