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1、铁电马氏体中的电致形状记忆效应!#$!%&(!)&(#*+,$!-./01203445)/67458449:(!-!;-<-=$!-#-#$-$<-$-<!09Z9F9,*N9!-<-><#;%8&DD9W:&+,F+T*VNL&DE9A;<!.<A=.!>#;#?*aA;<!.<A=.<!>-;#3<Q*F09+(RF*&SF+T$+FQW(T&(_:-3-&(%)51,+-5.-.)%0-#-&(*#-%)-3-&(%&
2、.%(-*1(-03)RF*&<SF+T;!%!U6B)2MF<aV9;!$;IL&%4,3&1M36%4%=%.,-5&%-4&16$2432!#6=G=+&#-=?-$>!M+&-&G4!J&0&3!I5=1%4?746240143&-)5&%-4&16T6&-28K3%-!4%&3J4&,%,3934A-64%)!4%&3>-$.!:,01%6T0=+142,.K843&&6789:;8!8&Q:*D9,F
3、NLNL9W&D9W:&+W9&YN9Q:9D*NVD9<,DF9+WL*:9Q9Q&D*+,SVOQ*T+9NFZ<,DF9+WL*:9<Q9Q&DWWN9QW!NL999ZNDFZ<,DF9+WL*:9<Q9Q&DL*W*,*+N*T9&YbVFZO*+,WFQ*ZNV*NF&+(39ZNDFZ<,DF9+WL*:9Q9Q&DSZ&+9+NF&+*Z&+9DW9:F9P&99ZNDFZ9YY9ZNFWD9WNDFZN9,SNL9WQ*9YY9ZN(5+
4、NL9:D9W9+N:*:9D9WL&NL*NSVNFFPF+T*,9Y9ZN<Q9,F*N9,D99DWFS9,&Q*F+WFNZLF+TQ9ZL*+FWQ!FNFW:&WWFS9N&*ZLF99*DT999ZND&<WL*:9<Q9Q&D9YY9ZNF+Y9DD&99ZNDFZQ*DN9+WFN9WWN9Q!LFZLFW&9D&+9&D,9D&YQ*T+FNV,9*DT9DNL*+Z&+9+NF&+*Z&+9DW9:F9P&99ZNDFZ9YY9ZN(I
5、FD9ZN9F,9+Z9Y&DNL9D99DWFS9,&Q*F+WFNZLF+T:D&Z9WWFW&SN*F+9,SF+<WFNV,&Q*F+&SW9D*NF&+(?VDNL9DQ&D9!WFQF*D9YY9ZNFW*W&Y&V+,F+Y9DD&99ZNDFZ:&<ZDWN*W)Z9D*QFZW!LFZLWL&WT&&,WN*SFFN&9D*F,9YD9bV9+ZD*+T9*+,LFTLD9F*SFFN*T*F+WNYF9,ZZF+T(EL9+999ZND
6、&<WL*:9<Q9Q&D9YY9ZNQ*L*9:D&QFWF+T*:FZ*NF&+:&N9+NF*F+&+<F+9*D*ZNV*N&DW(<=>?9A7!4L*:9Q9Q&D#39ZND&<WL*:9<Q9Q&D9YY9ZN#/&F+N,9Y9ZNW#?9DD&99ZNDFZW#I&Q*F+WFNZLF+T#&3&EIM6=9!EH#A;!2;IM=E8;A=!B-!E89AI;8KE4L*:9Q9Q&D9YY9ZN+&am
7、p;DQ*D9Y9DWN&*WL*:9ZL*+T9N&*:D9,9YF+9,WL*:9V:&+*ZL*+T9&YN9Q:9D*NVD9*N*ZDFNFZ*N9Q:9D*NVD9*;!+(J*+Q*N9DF*WWN9QW9aLFSFNF+TQ*DN9+WFNFZND*+WY&DQ*NF&+:&WW9WWWVZL*+F+N9D9WNF+TS9L*F&D(4VZL9YY9ZN:D&F,9W*Z&+9DWF&+&YNL9DQ*9+9DTF+N&Q9ZL*+FZ*WND*F+&DWND9WW*
8、+,FWNL9D9Y&D9VW9YVF+N9Q:9D*NVD9<,DF9+*ZNV*N&DW(1+NL9&NL9DL*+,!NL9D9FW*W9DF&VW:D&S9QFNLNL9*:FZ*NF&+&YWVZL9YY9ZN(EL9D9W:&+W9W:99,FWW&!S9Z*VW9FNFW,FYYFZVNN&ZL*+T9N9Q:9D*NVD99DD*:F,!F+:*DNFZV*DY&DZ&&F+T(5+D9Z9+N9*DW!Q*T+9NFZWL*:9Q9Q&D*&WL*9*
9、NND*ZN9,QVZLF+N9D9WN,V9N&NL9:&WWFSFFN&YZL*+TF+TWL*:9SQ*T+9NFZYF9,*+,NLVWZ*+F+:DF+ZF:9TV*D*+N99*Y*WND9W:&+W9#!$#(6&99D!*ZNV*N&DVNFFPF+TNLFW9YY9ZNFWF+9FN*S*ZZ&Q:*+F9,FNL*SVOQ*T+9N*D&V+,FN*+,NL9Q*T+9NQ*WN&:NL9YV+ZNF&+&Y+9*DS99ZND&+FZ,9FZ9W(?&DNL9W*Q9D
10、9*W&+!FNFW*W&,FYYFZVNN&Z&+WF,9DNL9*:FZ*NF&+&YWVZL9YY9ZNF+QFZD&ZLF:W(EL9W9,D*S*ZOW!N&T9NL9DFNL&NL9DW$WVZL*WNL9*DT9YF9,D9bVFD9,*W9*WNL9&,DFF+T:&9D%!D9WNDFZNNL9WZ&:9&YNL9:&WWFS9*:FZ*NF&+W&YWVZL9YY9ZN(5+Z&Q:*DFW&+!WL*:9Q9Q&DS99Z
11、NDFZYF9,$&D99ZND&WND*F+9YY9ZN%L*WY&V+,Q&WNWVZZ9WWYV*:FZ*NF&+W(EL9O9Q*N9DF*FW:F9P&99ZNDFZW!LFZLZ*+V+,9DT&WQ*WL*:9ZL*+T9S99ZNDFZYF9,=!>#(BW*:F+T&N*T9S9N99+N&99ZND&,9W&+W*Q:9Z*+9*WFT9+9D*N999ZNDFZYF9,F+WF,9*W*Q:9*+,NL9&N*T9W&VDZ9Z*+S9Y*D*YD&QNL
12、9*ZNV*N&D!*ZNV*N&DWFNL99ZND&<WL*:9<Q9Q&DZ*+S9Q*,99DWQ*!*+,NL9D9W:&+W9W:99,Z*+S99DLFTL$9(T(!O6P*+,99+LFTL9D%(EL9*D9*T&&,W&VNF&+N&NL9&bVFZO*+,WFQ*ZNV*NF&+:D&S9Q(HVNNL9Q*F+,FW*,*+N*T9FWNL9WQ*WND*F+*NN*F+*S9$+&DQ*9WWNL*+-(;K%(BZ&Q:*DFW&am
13、p;+*Q&+TN9Q:9D*NVD9<,DF9+!Q*T+9NFZ<,DF9+*+,99ZNDFZ<,DF9+WL*:9Q9Q&D9YY9ZNFWTF9+F+E*S9;(:6J=;!&ML:9K7E:MEH8=ML=9:8I9=5M:HE=8K;5:EA=J=;8957N:L=5M=M9>=OO=;8E9Q:9D*NVD9<,DF9+J*T+9NFZ<,DF9+39ZNDFZ<,DF9+$/F9P&99ZNDFZ%4ND*F+M*DT9;<-K4Q*N&*DT9-(-;<K4Q*WND*F+-(;K
14、$/UE%/&9D6FTL%9D&$-+;J/*%5+N9DQ9,F*N909W:&+W9W:99,4&?*WN?*WNBZNV*N&DWWN9QWFP9M*DT9%9DSVO$FNLQ*T+9N%4FQ$4Q*%G9:D&S9Q09W:&+W9W&(/&9DN&&&!(4WN9QSVO4ND*F+&N*DT99+&VTL!5+NLFW:*:9D9F+ND&,VZ9*+9Q9NL&,N&TD9*N9+L*+Z9NL999ZND&<WL*:9<
15、;Q9Q&D9YY9ZN(9WL&NL*NSVNFFPF+T*D99DWFS9,&Q*F+WFNZLF+TQ9ZL*+FWQF+Y9DD&99ZNDFZW$LFZLZ*+S9Z&+WF,9D9,*WQ*DN9+WFN9FNL*+99ZNDFZ:&*DFP*NF&+%!9Z*+&SN*F+*DT9D9Z&9D*S9WL*:9ZL*+T9S99ZNDFZYF9,$99ZND&<WL*:9<Q9Q&D%A!;-#(ELFW9YY9ZNFW;$!#($03)RF*&<SF+T9N*)39Z
16、ND&<4L*:9<J9Q&D3YY9ZNF+?9DD&99ZNDFZJ*DN9+WFN9,FYY9D9+NYD&QNL9Z&+9+NF&+*!Z&+9DW9:F9P&99ZNDFZ9YY9ZN#NL9*NN9DZ*+T9+9D*N9&+*NF+*Q&V+N&Y99ZND&WND*F+(EL9+99YY9ZNFWS*W9,&+*:&F+N<,9Y9ZN<Q9,F*N9,D99DWFS9,&Q*F+WFNZLF+T:D&Z9WW*+,Z*+F+:
17、DF+ZF:9ZD9*N9N9+W&YNFQ9WSFTT9D99ZND&WND*F+Z&Q:*D9,FNLNL9Z&+9DW9:F9P&99ZNDFZ9YY9ZN(ELFWSFT99ZND&<WL*:9<Q9Q&D9YY9ZNL*W&VNWN*+,F+T*,*+N*T9W&9DNL9DQ*ZNV*NF&+&DQ*T+9NFZ*ZNV*NF&+(?FDWN$NL9D9W:&+W9FW9DY*WN#W9Z&+,NL9W*Q:9&D*ZNV*N&DZ*+S9*Y
18、D&QNL9&N*T9T9+9D*N&D!&+99ZND&,9&+S&NLWF,9W&YNL9W*Q:9*+,*WVFN*S999ZNDFZFDF+TFW+9Z9WW*D$*+,NLVWNLFWZ*+Q*O9NL9*ZNV*N&D9DWQ*+,FN:&WWFS9N&:VNNL9*ZNV*N&DF+*+:*Z9(!ELFW:&F+NZ&+ND*WNWWL*D:FNLNL9FQ:&WWFSFFN&YW9:*D*NF+T*ZNV*N&D*+,Q*T+9NF+NL9Z
19、*W9&YQ*T+9NFZ,DF9+WL*:9Q9Q&D$LFZLQ*O9WNL9WWN9Q9DSVO(09Z9+ND9WVNWWL&9,NL*N?9<,&:9,H*EF1#WF+T9ZDWN*Z&V,T9+9D*N9*D9Z&9D*S9WND*F+&Y-(>=KS99ZNDFZYF9,$LFZLFW*S&VN$-NFQ9W*DT9DNL*+NL9:F9P&99ZNDFZD9W:&+W9&YNL9S9WN/UEZ9D*QFZW%A&(EL999ZND&<WL*:9<Q
20、9Q&D9YY9ZNQ*:D&F,9+9:&WWFSFFNF9WY&D*F,9D*+T9&Y*ZNV*N&D*+,W9+W&D*:FZ*NF&+W(EL9:D9W9+N:*:9DFW*DD*+T9,F+NL9Y&&F+T*?FDWN$9F+ND&,VZ9NL9Z&+9+NF&+*99ZND&<WL*:9<Q9Q&D9YY9ZN,V9N&NL99<O+&+Z&+9DW9:F9P&99ZNDFZ9YY9ZN(EL9+9F+ND&a
21、mp;,VZ9*+9Q9ZL*+FWQ$LFZLZ*+T9+9D*N9*DT999ZND&<WL*:9<Q9Q&D9YY9ZN*+,NL9*WW&ZF*N9,TF*+N99ZND&WND*F+9YY9ZN(?F+*$9a:9DFQ9+N*D9WVNW*NQ*ZD&WZ&:FZ*+,Q9W&WZ&:FZWZ*9S*W9,&+WVZLQ9ZL*+FWQ*D9:D9W9+N9,(;!-J=;8957N:L=5M=M9>6>EP=97=LK=Q=J=;89K;=OO=;8(JKE=:9=J=;89789:K
22、E=OO=;8!EL9Q&WNF,9VW9,99ZND&<WL*:9<Q9Q&DQ*N9DF*FW:F9P&99ZNDFZW(EL9V+,9DT&*WQ*WL*:9ZL*+T9!+&DQ*9WWNL*+-(;KL9+*:F9,FNL*+99ZNDFZYF9,#FZ99DW*$NL9Z*+*W&:D&,VZ9*+99ZNDFZ&N*T9L9+9a9DN9,FNL*Y&DZ9(EL9*NN9D9YY9ZNFWZ*9,:F9P&99ZNDFZ9YY9ZN!Q9*+F+TY&DZ9<N&a
23、mp;<99ZNDFZFNZ&+9DWF&+$*+,NL9Y&DQ9D9YY9ZNFWZ*9,Z&+9DW9:F9P&99ZNDFZ9YY9ZN!Q9*+F+TNL9Z&+9DW99YY9ZN(8&+9DW9:F9P&99ZNDFZ9YY9ZNFW&+9OF+,&Y99ZND&WND*F+9YY9ZN$LFZLL*WY&V+,F,9*:FZ*NF&+WY&DQ&D9NL*+L*YZ9+NVD(3a*Q:9WF+ZV,9+*W&+*D$Q&SF9:L&am
24、p;+9W:9*O9D*+,LFTL*ZZVD*N9:&WFNF&+9DY&D*N&QY&DZ9QFZD&WZ&:9!B?J(6&99D$WVZL*+99ZND&WND*F+9YY9ZNL*W+&ND9Z9F9,V9*NN9+NF&+F+Q*DN9+WFN9Z&QQV+FN$:D&S*SS9Z*VW9Q&WNQ*DN9+WFN9:9&:9*D9Q9N*VDTFWNW$L9D9*W:F9P&99ZNDFZW*D99FNL9DF&+FZZ&Q:&V
25、+,W&DF+&DT*+FZZ&Q:&V+,W(EL9S*WFZ:DF+ZF:9&YZ&+9+NF&+*99ZND&WND*F+!Z&+9DW9:F9P&99ZNDFZ9YY9ZNFWNL9Y&&F+T%=!>&(/F9P&99ZNDFZZDWN*W*D9ZL*D*ZN9DFP9,S*+&+<Z9+NDFZ,FWNDFSVNF&+&Y:&WFNF9ZL*DT9W!F&+W*+,+9T*NF9ZL*DT9W!F&+WF+NL9
26、V+FNZ9(L9+NL9ZDWN*FW*:F9,FNL*+99ZNDFZYF9,$:&WFNF9F&+W*+,+9T*NF9F&+W*D9,FW:*Z9,N&*D,W&:&WFN9,FD9ZNF&+W#NLFWF&+FZ,FW:*Z9Q9+NZD9*N9W*,FWN&DNF&+N&NL9V+FNZ9*+,WVZL*,FWN&DNF&+Q*+FY9WNWFNW9Y*W&SW9D*S9WND*F+*NQ*ZD&WZ&:FZWZ*9(ELFW9YY9ZNFWF+9*D$F
27、(9($NL999ZND&WND*F+FW!$!*F+9*DYV+ZNF&+&Y*:F9,YF9,(ELFWY9*NVD9FWVW9YVY&DQ*+F+9*D*ZNV*N&DWNL*ND9bVFD9F+9*DFNF+NL9*ZNV*NF&+(EL9Q&WNFQ:&DN*+NZ*WW&Y:F9P&99ZNDFZWFWY9DD&99ZNDFZQ*N9DF*W!LFZLFWZL*D*ZN9DFP9,S*ZL*+T9*S9W:&+N*+9&VW:&*DFP*NF&+,FD9ZNF&a
28、mp;+S9aN9D+*99ZNDFZYF9,W:&+N*+9&VW:&*DFP*NF&+FWNL9:&*DFP*NF&+:D&,VZ9,SNL9+&+<Z9+NDFZ,FWNDFSVNF&+&Y:&WFNF9*+,+9T*NF9ZL*DT9WF+NL9V+FNZ9#()&DQ*Y9DD&99ZNDFZZDWN*Z&+N*F+W*Z&Q:9a:*NN9D+&Y,&Q*F+W$FNLF+9*ZL,&Q*F+W:&+N*+9&VW:&
29、amp;*DFP*NF&+,FD9ZNF&+FWNL9W*Q9*+,FYY9D9+N,&Q*F+WL*9,FYY9D9+NW:&+N*+9&VW:&*DFP*NF&+,FD9ZNF&+W*&9,SNL9ZDWN*WQQ9ND(EL9W9Y9DD&99ZNDFZ,&Q*F+W*D9*+*&T&VWN&Q*DN9+WFN9NF+W*W&Z*9,Y9DD&9*WNFZ,&Q*F+W#!*+,Z*+S9WFNZL9,S9aN9D+*YF9,(5+*QVNF,&
30、Q*F+Y9DD&99ZNDFZZDWN*!*NL&VTL9*ZL,&Q*F+:&WW9WW9W99ZND&WND*F+9YY9ZNZ&+9DW9:F9P&99ZNDFZ9YY9ZN#!NL9L&9ZDWN*WL&W*Q&WNP9D&99ZND&WND*F+(ELFWFWS9Z*VW9NL9D*+,&Q99ZND&WND*F+W&Y,FYY9D9+N,&Q*F+WZ*+Z9&VN*+,NLVWTF9DFW9N&P9D&+9N99ZND&
31、WND*F+(EL9Z&QQ&+:D*ZNFZ9N&ZD9*N9Q*aFQVQ99ZND&WND*F+9YY9ZNF+Y9DD&99ZNDFZWFWN&%:&9&NL9W*Q:9F+N&*+9*DWF+T9,&Q*F+WN*N9F(9(!*:F+T*WND&+TYF9,N&ZL*+T9NL9QVNF,&Q*F+WF+N&*WF+T9,&Q*F+WN*N9#(5+:&ZDWN*W!*NL&VTL:&F+TZ*+&NT9+9D*N9*WF+T9,&
32、amp;Q*F+WN*N9!FNZ*+ZD9*N9*LFTLN9aNVD9,&Q*F+Z&+YFTVD*NF&+NL*NZ*+:D&,VZ9*WFT+FYFZ*+N99ZND&WND*F+9YY9ZN(EL9D9Y&D9!NL9Z&+9+NF&+*99ZND&WND*F+9YY9ZNFW&SW9D9,F+WVZL:&9,%bV*WF<WF+T9<,&Q*F+&Y9DD&99ZNDFZWN*N9(6&99D!NL9*S&9Z&+9+NF&+*
33、99ZND&WND*F+9YY9ZN&D99ZND&<WL*:9<Q9Q&DL*W*W9DF&VWFQFN*NF&+(EL9WFP9&YNLFW9YY9ZNFW9DWQ*!+&DQ*S9F+T9WWNL*+-(;K!LFZLFWF+:DF+ZF:9,FYYFZVNN&YVDNL9D9+L*+Z9,V9N&NL9,FYYFZVNF+F&+FZ,FW:*Z9Q9+N(?VDNL9DQ&D9!NL9S9WN99ZND&WND*F+Q*N9DF*!9*,PFDZ&+*N9NFN*
34、+*N9/UE#FW+&Z*VWF+TQVZL9+FD&+Q9+N*Z&+Z9D+Y&DFNWL*DQYV/S(EL9D9Y&D9!NL9D9FW*N&<Y&,VDT9+N+99,Y&D99ZND&WND*F+Q*N9DF*WYFDWN!N&TD9*N9+L*+Z9NL999ZND&WND*F+9YY9ZN*+,W9Z&+,N&*&F,VWF+T/S<S*W9,Q*N9DF*W(5+NL9Y&&F+TW9ZNF&+W!9WL*F+ND&,V
35、Z9*D9Z9+N,99&:Q9+NN&*D,WNLFW,FD9ZNF&+NL9,FWZ&9D&Y*DT999ZND&WND*F+9YY9ZNVWF+T*+9Q9ZL*+FWQ!LFZL*W&*&F,WVWF+T/S<S*W9,Q*N9DF*W(!*=?M=;N:EK7MO9J:9H=J=;8957N:L=5M=M9>KEO=99=J=;89K;M:8=9K:J7!)&9F+ND&,VZ9*+9Q9ZL*+FWQY&D*DT999ZND&WND*F+9YY9ZN(BWQ9+NF&
36、+9,*S&9!*Y9DD&99ZNDFZZDWN*+&DQ*WL&W*Z&Q:9a*WW9QS&YQVNF,&Q*F+W(H*:F+T*+99ZNDFZYF9,!9Z*+ZL*+T9NL9QVNF,&Q*F+WN*N9F+N&*WF+T9,&Q*F+WN*N9(ELFWFW9bVF*9+NN&*NF+F+T:D&Z9WWF+Q*DN9+WFN9*+,NLVWZ*+T9+9D*N9*LVT9WND*F+,V9N&NL99aZL*+T9&Y+&+<9bV*ZDWN*&am
37、p;TD*:LFZ*a9W(;)(4VZLWND*F+Q*S9&+9&DN&&D,9DW&YQ*T+FNV,9*DT9DNL*+NL9WQ*F+9*DWND*F+SZ&+9DW9:F9P&99ZNDFZ9YY9ZN(+Y&DNV+*N9!NLFWFW*+FDD9Z&9D*S9&D&+9<NFQ99YY9ZN_VWNFO9+&DQ*NF+F+T,9Y&DQ*NF&+(ELFWFW#$!#*$03)RF*&<SF+T9N*39ZND&<4L*:9<
38、J9Q&D3YY9ZNF+?9DD&99ZNDFZJ*DN9+WFN9S9Z*VW9,FYY9D9+N,&Q*F+!:&*DFP*NF&+WN*N9W*D99+9DT9NFZ*F,9+NFZ*NLVWNL9D9FW+&,DFF+TY&DZ9N&D9<9WN*SFWLNL9F+FNF*,&Q*F+WN*N9#*+,Z&+W9bV9+NFNFW+&N:&WWFS9N&D9WN&D9NL9F+FNF*Q*ZD&WZ&:FZWL*:9*YN9DNL9D9Q&*&
39、amp;YNL99aN9D+*YF9,(6&99D#SF+ND&,VZF+T:&F+N,9Y9ZNWN&Y9DD&99ZNDFZWWN9Q*+,&F+T*TF+TND9*NQ9+N#9Z*+T9+9D*N9*+$F+NDF+WFZ%D9WN&DF+TY&DZ9N&Q*O9,&Q*F+WFNZLF+TD99DWFS9#*+,Z&+W9bV9+N*DT9D9Z&9D*S999ZND&WND*F+&99ZND&<WL*:9<Q9Q&DZ*+S9*ZLF99,(A
40、!;-)(ELFWQ9NL&,*ZNV*Z&Q9WYD&Q*Q9ZL*+FWQN&D9*FP9D99DWFS9,&Q*F+WFNZLF+TF+Y9DD&9*WNFZW!Q*DN9+WFN9W(;!;$)(EL9D99DWFS9,&Q*F+WFNZLF+TFWS*W9,&+*T9+9D*WQQ9ND<Z&+Y&DQF+T:D&:9DN&Y:&F+N,9Y9ZNW(A!;-#;!;$)#*WFS9,9WZDFS9,F+NL9Y&&F+T(?FT(;!4QQ9ND<Z&
41、amp;+Y&DQF+T:D&:9DN&Y:&F+N,9Y9ZNWF+&*ZVSFZ:*D*99ZNDFZWN*N9*+,&S:&*DN9ND*T&+*Y9DD&99ZNDFZWN*N9&Y*N:FZ*BH1#&H*EF1#:9D&WOFN9WNDVZNVD9LFZLZ&+N*F+W*+1!*Z*+Z*+,*+*ZZ9:N&DFQ:VDFNI#d&ZZV:F+T*H$dWFN9(?&DWFQ:FZFN#&+NL9&-:*+9&YNL9WNDVZ
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