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1、标准分享网 w w w . b z f x w . c o m 免费下载 Copyright 2006 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists AATCC Technical Manual/2007TM 191-2004361 Developed in 2002 by AATCC Commit- tee RA41; reaffirmed 2003; editorially revised and reaffirmed 2004; editorially revised 2005. 1. Purpose and Scope 1
2、.1 This test method provides a simple testing procedure to evaluate the effect of acid cellulase enzymes on cellulosics by laundering. 1.2 The evaluations are carried out as listed in Section 8. 1.3 Other cellulase enzymes, i.e., mod- ified acid and neutral types, may be eval- uated by this test pro
3、cedure. However, the concentration, pH, and time should be followed as recommended by the enzyme supplier. 1.4 A specific concentration of en- zyme, buffer, and detergent are required in the bath to achieve the desired im- provements. Since this test method uti- lizes an automatic washing machine to
4、 simulate the action of rotary drum ma- chines, paddle machines, or jets used in production type operations (that usually operate at low liquor ratios), the concen- trations required in this test method are based on grams/liter (g/L), to compensate for the difference in liquor ratios. 2. Principle 2
5、.1 This test method determines the re- action of cellulosic fabrics to treatment with acid cellulase enzymes. Such treat- ments usually result in improvements in the hand, drape, fuzz and pill appearance of cellulosic fabrics together with the re- moval of linters and immature/dead cot- ton fibers.
6、The agitation in the washer simulates the action in rotary drum ma- chines, paddle machines and jets. 3. Terminology 3.1 cellulase enzyme, n.an enzyme that attacks cellulose. 4. Safety Precautions NOTE: These safety precautions are for information purposes only. The pre- cautions are ancillary to th
7、e testing proce- dures and are not intended to be all-inclu- sive. It is the users responsibility to use safe and proper techniques in handling materials in this test method. Manufac- turers MUST be consulted for specific details such as material safety data sheets and other manufacturers recommenda
8、- tions. All OSHA standards and rules must also be consulted and followed. 4.1 Good laboratory practices should be followed. All chemicals should be handled with care. Wear safety glasses and rubber gloves when working with chemicals. Material Safety Data Sheets should be obtained for all the chemic
9、als used in the method. 4.2 An eyewash/safety shower should be located nearby, and readily accessible in case of an emergency. 5. Apparatus 5.1 Automatic washing machine, (the term top loading washer used in this method is synonymous with an automatic washing machine) (see 10.1). 5.2 Automatic tumbl
10、e dryer (see 10.1). 5.3 Ballast of 920 920 30 mm (36 36 1 in.) hemmed pieces of bleached cotton sheeting (Wash load ballast type 1), or 50/50 polyester/cotton plain weave (Wash load ballast type 3) (see10.2 and 10.3). 5.4 Reagents 5.4.1 Nonionic detergent; linear alco- hol with 9 moles of ethylene o
11、xide. 5.4.2 Buffer AC, sodium acetate (see 10.3). 6.Test Specimens 6.1 Take four to eight garments, or four to eight full width fabric specimens, 0.9 m (1 yd) in length. It is recommended that the cut edges of fabric specimens be sealed by sewing or some other means. 6.2 Two to four garment/fabric s
12、peci- mens are to be used to run the test cycle with enzyme. 6.3 The other two to four garment/fab- ric specimens are to be used to run through the test cycle without enzyme, for comparison. 7. Procedure 7.1 Use very hot water setting at 60C (140F) as listed in the AATCC mono- graph of standardized
13、home laundry test conditions. 7.2 Set the home laundry machine on low, small load (12 gal water), approxi- mately 41 kg (90 lbs.) water and hot wash/cold rinse temperature setting. 7.3 Fill the washer using the regular cycle (12 mins wash cycle). 7.4 Add a nonionic detergent (1/gL); volume 40 mL and
14、 weight 40 gm. 7.5 Add sodium acetate buffer (6 g/L), volume 195 mL and weight 240 gm. 7.5.1 Stir well; pH 4.5-5.0 (if too high, add acetic acid. pH should not be below 4.5; if so, add caustic, 50%). 7.6 Add acid cellulase enzyme as shown in Table I. 7.6.1 For 100% cotton garments or fabrics, normal
15、ly 1-2 g/L acid cellulase enzyme is recommended. 7.6.2 For 50/50 cotton/polyester blends, normally 1-2 g/L acid cellulase enzyme is still used since a certain en- zyme concentration in the bath must be maintained to achieve the desired effect on the cotton portion of the fabric. 7.6.3 For linen garm
16、ents or fabrics, and its blends, normally 0.25-0.50 g/L acid cellulase enzyme is recommended. 7.6.4 For rayon and lyocell garments or fabrics, normally 4 g/L acid cellulase enzyme is recommended. The acid cellu- lase enzyme attacks these fibers much slower; therefore, four wash cycles (48 min) is re
17、quired. 7.7 Place the garments or fabrics to- gether with ballast, if needed for good ag- itation, in the water. Two to four gar- ments or two to four fabrics 0.9 m (1 yd length) is sufficient. 7.8 Start the washer and complete only the wash portion. 7.9 Repeat the complete wash cycle and let it con
18、tinue through its rinse and spin cycles to the termination of the wash cycle. Note: It is necessary to expose the samples to 24 mins in the enzyme bath. 7.10 Remove test specimens and bal- last immediately. Place in a tumble dryer ion Normal or cotton-sturdy setting. Op- erate the dryer until the to
19、tal load is dry. AATCC Test Method 191-2004 Acid Cellulase Enzymes, Effect of: Top Loading Washer Table IAcid Cellulase Enzyme Portions VolumeWeight Fiber Content of Test Specimens Number of Wash Cycles(g/L)mLGm (0.5)20 21.3100% linen and its blends2 (2.0)80 85.0100% cotton and its blends2 (4.0)1601
20、70.0rayon or lyocell4 Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC Licensee=Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ/9976803100 Not for Resale, 03/24/2007 04:07:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright 2
21、006 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists 362TM 191-2004AATCC Technical Manual/2007 Note drying time. Remove the load im- mediately after the dryer stops. Avoid over drying. 8. Evaluation 8.1 Evaluate and compare the hand of tested specimens exposed to acid cellu- lase enzyme with t
22、hat of tested specimens not exposed to acid cellulase enzyme us- ing AATCC Evaluation Procedure 5, Fabric Hand: Guideline for the Subjec- tive Evaluation of. 8.2 Visually compare the appearance of tested specimens exposed to acid cel- lulase enzyme with tested specimens not exposed to acid cellulase
23、 enzyme to de- termine the degree of improvement in fabric fuzz, pill appearance, and degree of removal of linters and immature/dead cotton fibers. Visual ratings should be identified as none, slight, distinct, or con- siderable differences or improvement. 8.3 If desired, determine the strength of t
24、ested specimens exposed to acid cellu- lase enzyme and compare with that of tested specimens not exposed to acid cel- lulase using ASTM D 3786-87, Hydrau- lic Bursting Strength of Knitted Goods for Knits, and the current version of ASTM D 5035, Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics-Strip
25、Method for Woven Fabrics. 9. Precision and Bias 9.1 Precision. Precision for this test method has not been established. Until a precision statement is generated for this method, use standard statistical tech- niques in making any comparisons of test results for either within-laboratory or be- tween-
26、laboratory averages. Analysis of variance or t-tests may be used to com- pare averages. See any standard statistical text for more information. 9.2 Bias. The evaluation of acid cellu- lase enzymes in an automatic washing machine can be defined only in terms of a test method. There is no independent
27、method for determining the true value. As a means of estimating this property, the method has no known bias. 10. Notes 10.1 Contact AATCC, P.O. Box 12215, Re- search Triangle Park NC 27709; tel: 919/549- 8141; fax: 919/549-8933; e-mail: orders aatcc.org, for model number(s) and source(s) of current
28、approved washer(s) and dryer(s). 10.2 Ballast are available from Testfabrics Inc., P.O. Box 26, 415 Delaware St., W. Pittston PA 18643; tel: 570/603-0432; fax: 570/603-0433; e-mail: ; and Textile Innovators Corp., div. of SDL At- las L.L.C., P.O. Box 8, 101 Forest St., Wind- sor NC; tel: 252/794-970
29、3; fax: 252/794- 9704; e-mail: . 10.3 In addition to acting on the cellulose of the test specimens, the cellulase enzyme used in this test will also act on the cellulose content of the ballast fabric. Hence, ballast fabrics used in this method may not be reusable to the same extent as in other metho
30、ds. It is, therefore, rec- ommended that if ballast are reused, they be weighed prior to each use, to ensure that they have not incurred weight loss greater than 75% from their original weight. If they have, they should be replaced with new ballast. 10.4 Contact AATCC, P.O. Box 12215, Re- search Tri
31、angle Park NC 27709; tel: 919/549- 8141; fax: 919/549-8933; e-mail: orders aatcc.org. Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC Licensee=Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ/9976803100 Not for Resale, 03/24/2007 04:07:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-