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1、 ANSI/NEMA FL 1 FLASHLIGHT BASIC PERFORMANCE STANDARD Approved as an American National Standard ANSI Approval Date: August 18, 2009 ANSI/NEMA FL 1-2009 Flashlight Basic Performance Standard Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1752 Rosslyn, Virgini
2、a 22209 www.nema.org Copyright 2009 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan Am
3、erican Copyright Conventions. NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agree
4、ment among every person participating in the development of this document. The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This pro
5、cess brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independen
6、tly test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, con
7、sequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and disclaims and mak
8、es no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or sellers products or services by virtue of this standard or guide. In publishing and making this document
9、available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropr
10、iate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or inform
11、ation not covered by this publication. NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compl
12、iance with any health or safetyrelated information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. FL 1-2009 Page i Contents Scope1 1 GENERAL.2 1.1 Reference Standards 2 1.2 Definitions2 1.2.1 Beam Distance2 1.2.2 Peak B
13、eam Intensity.2 1.2.3 Run Time 2 1.2.4 Light Output 2 1.2.5 Impact Resistance 2 1.2.6 Enclosure Protection Against Water Penetration Ratings2 1.2.7 Hand-Held/Portable 3 1.2.8 Spectroradiometer 3 1.2.9 Light Measuring Device 3 1.2.10 Surface Light Intensity 3 1.2.11 Integrating Sphere 3 1.3 Sample Si
14、ze and Order of Testing3 1.3.1 Performance Testing 3 1.3.2 Reliability Testing3 1.4 Units of Measure .4 2 TEST METHODS .4 2.1 General5 2.1.1 Lab Conditions5 2.1.2 Sampling Selection.5 2.2 Beam Distance5 2.2.1 Purpose.5 2.2.2 Power Source .5 2.2.3 Conditions.5 2.2.4 Apparatus6 2.2.5 Procedures6 2.2.6
15、 Final calculations 6 2.3 Peak Beam Intensity .6 2.3.1 Purpose.6 2.3.2 Power Source .6 2.3.3 Conditions.7 2.3.4 Apparatus7 2.3.5 Procedures7 2.3.6 Final calculations 7 2.4 Run Time.7 2.4.1 Purpose.7 2.4.2 Power Source .7 2.4.3 Conditions.8 2.4.4 Apparatus8 2.4.5 Initial and End Point8 2.4.6 Final Ca
16、lculation .8 2.5 Light Output.8 2.5.1 Purpose.8 2.5.2 Power Supply8 Copyright 2009 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. FL 1-2009 Page ii 2.5.3 Conditions.9 2.5.4 Apparatus9 2.5.5 Test Equipment Sampling Calibration 9 2.5.6 Procedures9 2.5.7 Final Calculation .9 2.6 Impact Resistanc
17、e.9 2.6.1 Purpose.9 2.6.2 Conditions.9 2.6.3 Apparatus9 2.6.4 Drop Test9 2.6.5 Passing Criteria.10 2.6.6 Impact Resistance Rating.10 2.7 Enclosure Protection Against Water Penetration Rating 10 2.7.1 Purpose.10 2.7.2 Conditions.10 2.7.3 Apparatus10 2.7.4 Test Procedure .11 2.7.5 Passing Criteria.11
18、2.7.6 Enclosure Protection Against Water Penetration Rating11 3 MARKING.12 3.1 Proper Use of Icons and Styling Guidelines .12 3.2 Claim Consistency.12 3.3 Icon Appearance .12 3.3.1 Beam Distance12 3.3.2 Peak Beam Intensity.13 3.3.3 Run Time 13 3.3.4 Light Output 13 3.3.5 Impact Resistant.13 3.3.6 Wa
19、ter Resistant 13 3.3.7 Waterproof AND Submersible 14 3.4 Use of Multiple Icons.14 Copyright 2009 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. FL 1-2009 Page iii Foreword In the preparation of this Standards Publication, input of users and other interested parties has been sought and evaluat
20、ed. Inquiries, comments, and proposed or recommended revisions should be submitted by contacting the: FSC Secretary National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1752 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 This Standards Publication was developed by the Flashlight Standards Committee.
21、 At the time it was approved, the Committee was composed of the following members: Dorcy International Columbus, OH 43217 Princeton Tec Bordentown, NJ 08505 Coast Portland, OR 97218 Surefire, LLC Fountain Valley, CA 92708 Golight Culbertson, NE 69024 Petzl Clearfield, UT 84016 The Brinkman Corporati
22、on Dallas, TX 75244 Energizer Holdings Westlake, OH 44145 ASP Inc. Appleton. WI 54912 Streamlight, Inc. Eagleville, PA 19403 Cat Eye Co., Inc. Boulder, CO 80302 Black Diamond Salt Lake City, UT 84124 The Coleman Company Inc. Wichita, KS 67219 Duracell, Inc. Bethel, CT 06801 Copyright 2009 by the Nat
23、ional Electrical Manufacturers Association. FL 1-2009 Page iv Copyright 2009 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. FL 1-2009 Page 1 SCOPE This Standards Publication covers basic performance of hand-held/portable flashlights, spotlights, and headlamps providing directional lighting. C
24、opyright 2009 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. FL 1-2009 Page 2 Section 1 GENERAL 1.1 REFERENCE STANDARDS In this publication, reference is made to standards listed below. Copies are available from the indicated sources: ANSI/IEC 60529 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure
25、s (IP Code) National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1752 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 www.nema.org ANSI/IEEE 268 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI) -The Modern Metric System IEEE 3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor New York, NY 10016-5997 USA www.ieee.org
26、 1.2 DEFINITIONS 1.2.1 Beam Distance Beam distance is defined as the distance from the device at which the light beam is 0.25 lux (0.25 lux is approximately the equivalent of the light emitted from the full moon “on a clear night in an open field”). 1.2.2 Peak Beam Intensity Peak Beam Intensity is t
27、he maximum luminous intensity typically along the central axis of a cone of light. The value is reported in candela and does not change with distance. 1.2.3 Run Time Run Time is defined as the duration of time from the initial light output valuedefined as 30 seconds after the point the device is fir
28、st turned onusing fresh batteries, until the light output reaches 10% of the initial value. 1.2.4 Light Output Light Output is the total luminous flux. It is the total quantity of emitted overall light energy as measured by integrating the entire angular output of the portable light source. Light ou
29、tput in this standard is expressed in units of lumens. 1.2.5 Impact Resistance Impact resistance is the degree to which a device resists damage from dropping on a solid surface. 1.2.6 Enclosure Protection Against Water Penetration Ratings Based on the ANSI/IEC 60529 standard, the following enclosure
30、 ratings for the devices covered by this standard have been defined: Water ResistantIPX4Water splashed against the device from any direction shall have no harmful effects. Copyright 2009 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. FL 1-2009 Page 3 Water ProofIPX7Ingress of water in quantit
31、ies causing harmful effects shall not be possible when the enclosure is temporarily immersed in water under standardized conditions of pressure and time. SubmersibleIPX8Ingress of water in quantities causing harmful effects shall not be possible when the enclosure is continuously immersed in water u
32、nder conditions which shall be stated by the manufacturer, but which are more severe than for IPX7. 1.2.7 Hand-Held/Portable A hand-held/portable device is small enough to be operated when held in one or both hands (like flashlights, headlamps, spotlights, and bicycle lights) and light enough to be
33、easily carried from place to place. 1.2.8 Spectroradiometer A spectroradiometer is an instrument capable of dividing light into its constituent wavelengths. For the intent of this standard, a spectroradiometer is used for measuring the total spectral flux and luminous flux of the device under test i
34、n the visible spectral range (380 to 790nm). 1.2.9 Light Measuring Device A light measuring device is a commercially available device that is used to measure the amount of light striking a surface from a given source. Typically, this device is calibrated during manufacture to ensure a certain level
35、of accuracy for the user. Also known as “light meters,” “photometers,” and in some cases can be systems based on CCD cameras or other technologies. The device should be calibrated to the CIE eye response curve. 1.2.10 Surface Light Intensity Surface Light Intensity is defined in this standard as sur
36、face illuminance and is measured in units of lux. 1.2.11 Integrating Sphere For the intent of this standard, an integrating sphere is a measurement device with an entrance port that can accept all the directional light output of the device under test, or can totally enclose the device itself. The wa
37、lls of the sphere should be highly diffuse with high reflectivity (80%) and the spectroradiometer should be shielded from direct view of the device under test by a baffle system. 1.3 SAMPLE SIZE AND ORDER OF TESTING 1.3.1 Performance Testing Performance testing includes beam distance, peak beam inte
38、nsity, light output, and run time. These are defined in individual test requirements: a. Beam Distance: sample size is 3. b. Peak Beam Intensity: sample size is 3. c. Light Output: sample size is 3. d. Run Time (Battery Life): sample size is 3 Performance tests may be conducted concurrently. 1.3.2 R
39、eliability Testing Reliability Testing includes impact resistance testing followed by Enclosure Protection Against Water Penetration testing. These are defined in individual test requirements: Copyright 2009 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. FL 1-2009 Page 4 a. Impact Resistance:
40、 sample size is 5. Impact Resistance tests are performed prior to all other Reliability testing, if applicable. b. Enclosure Protection Against Water Penetration: sample size is 5. c. If an Impact Resistance and an Enclosure Protection Against Water Penetration claim are both made, the same test sam
41、ple units shall be used for both tests. The samples shall be tested for Enclosure Penetration only after the Impact Resistance testing is complete. 1.4 UNITS OF MEASURE All values shall be given in SI (metric) units. Copyright 2009 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. FL 1-2009 Page
42、 5 Section 2 TEST METHODS 2.1 GENERAL 2.1.1 Lab Conditions Lab conditions shall be a controlled temperature of 22 3 C and a relative humidity of 50% nominal, 80% maximum. Ambient light conditions shall be the minimum of the following two options: 1 lux or no more than 10% of the lowest value measure
43、d during any test. Designated (light) measuring equipment shall be annually calibrated by an accredited commercial third party service showing traceability to NIST standards. Records shall be kept of the calibration history. 2.1.2 Sampling Selection All samples must be representative of final produc
44、tion products. If multiple light output grades are used in the product, the test specimens must use the lowest light output grade offered. 2.2 BEAM DISTANCE NoteThe same test data set shall be used for both beam distance and peak beam intensity. 2.2.1 Purpose To provide a procedure to determine the
45、maximum distance at which the device is capable of producing 0.25 lux of light within 30 s to 2 min of operation. 2.2.2 Power Source All tests are conducted with fresh batteries or fully charged batteries/energy storage devices. 12V DC devices that are only tethered shall be powered with 13.8V DC us
46、ing a power supply. Batteries used for testing and claim substantiation shall be of the same type and/or brand as those offered for sale with the product. If the product is sold without batteries and a beam distance claim is made, a specific battery type and chemistry shall be recommended with the p
47、ackage. The batteries recommended by the manufacturer are to be used for testing. 2.2.3 Conditions Tests will be conducted at lab conditionssee clause 2.1.1. Ambient light conditions shall be the minimum of the following two options: 1 lux or no more than 10% of the lowest value measured during any
48、test. If the device offers multiple output levels, the beam distance will be measured at the maximum level or as otherwise identified. If the device has variable focusing or adjustable beam angle, the beam distance will be measured at the focus level or beam angle that produces the maximum beam dist
49、ance or as otherwise identified. Copyright 2009 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. FL 1-2009 Page 6 2.2.4 Apparatus A timing device, a distance measuring device, and a light measuring device that measures in units of lux shall be used. Minimum aperture area shall be 100 mm. 2.2.5 Procedures Place the light measuring device at a test distance of either 2 or 10