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1、标准分享网 w w w . b z f x w . c o m 免费下载 Copyright 2006 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists AATCC Technical Manual/2007TM 109-2005161 Developed in 1963 by AATCC Commit- tee RA33; revised 1972, 1986, 1987; re- affirmed 1971, 1975, 1983, 1992, 2002, 2005; editorially revised 1981, 1982,
2、 1983, 1985, 1989, 1995; editori- ally revised and reaffirmed 1997. Partly equivalent to ISO 105-G03. 1. Purpose and Scope 1.1 This test method is intended for de- termining the resistance of the color of textiles to the action of ozone in the at- mosphere at room temperatures with rela- tive humidi
3、ties not exceeding 67%. 2. Principle 2.1 A test specimen and a control spec- imen are simultaneously exposed to ozone in an atmosphere under ambient temperatures (64-82F) and relative hu- midities not exceeding 67%, until the control specimen shows a color change corresponding to that of a standard
4、of fading. This exposure period constitutes one cycle. The cycle is repeated (1) until the specimen shows a definite color change or (2) for a prescribed number of cycles. 3. Terminology 3.1 colorfastness, n.the resistance of a material to change in any of its color characteristics, to transfer of i
5、ts color- ant(s) to adjacent materials or both, as a result of the exposure of the material to any environment that might be encoun- tered during the processing, testing, stor- age or use of the material. 4. Safety Precautions NOTE: These safety precautions are for information purposes only. The saf
6、ety precautions are ancillary to the testing procedures and are not intended to be all inclusive. It is the users responsibility to use safe and proper techniques in han- dling materials in this test method. Manu- facturers MUST be consulted for specific details such as material safety data sheets a
7、nd other manufacturers recommenda- tions. All OSHA standards and rules must also be consulted and followed. 4.1 Good laboratory practices should be followed. Wear safety glasses in all laboratory areas. 4.2 Manufacturers safety recommen- dations should be followed when operat- ing laboratory testing
8、 equipment. To pro- tect the eyes further, do not look at ozone generator while it is operating. 4.3 Ozone is a sensory irritant. The test cabinet should be vented to the outside atmosphere in accordance with the manu- facturers specifications. Ozone in even moderate concentrations is injurious to h
9、ealth. 4.4 Exposure to chemicals used in this procedure must be controlled at or below levels set by governmental authorities (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Administrations OSHA permissible exposure limits PEL as found in 29 CFR 1910.1000 of January 1, 1989). In addition, the American Confere
10、nce of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) comprised of time weighted averages (TLV-TWA), short term exposure limits (TLV-STEL) and ceiling limits (TLV-C) are recommended as a general guide for air contaminant exposure which should be met (see 12.1). 5. Uses and
11、Limitations 5.1 Although this test works well for some substrates, it is not suitable for ny- lon carpets. For nylon carpets, refer to AATCC Method 129, Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atmosphere Under High Humidities. 6. Apparatus and Materials 6.1 Ozone exposure chamber for ambi- ent temperatures an
12、d relative humidities not to exceed 67% (see 12.2). 6.2 Control Sample No. 109 for rela- tive humidities not exceeding 67% (see 12.3, 12.5 and 12.6). 6.3 Standard of Fading No. 109 for rel- ative humidities not exceeding 67% (see 12.4, 12.5 and 12.6). 6.4 Gray Scale for Color Change (see 12.7). 7. T
13、est Specimens 7.1 Cut each test specimen at least 10.0 6.0 cm (4.0 2.375 in.). For subse- quent color comparisons, keep the unex- posed sample in an airtight container away from light to avoid shade change. 7.2 When a laundered or drycleaned specimen is used, the effects of ozone are based on compar
14、isons with the color of the unexposed laundered or drycleaned specimen. To prepare specimens for test- ing after laundering or drycleaning, use AATCC Methods 61 and 132, respec- tively. 7.3 Cut a control specimen of the Con- trol Sample at least 1.3 5.1 cm (0.5 2.0 in.). 7.4 Keep unexposed specimen
15、in an airtight container away from light to avoid shade change. 8. Procedure 8.1 Suspend the test specimens and a control specimen (see 12.3 and 12.5) in the exposure chamber (see 12.2). The test apparatus should be located in a room in which the ambient air temperature is 18- 28C (64-82F) and the r
16、elative humidity does not exceed 67%. For reference and interlab testing, conduct tests in a room or chamber with the standard atmo- spheric conditions of 21 1C (70 2F) and 65 2% RH. Ozone should be present in concentrations which produce one cycle of fading in 1.5-6.0 h of test. 8.2 Examine the con
17、trol specimen peri- odically until the resultant color corre- sponds to that of the standard of fading (see 12.4 and 12.5) when compared in daylight ranging from average to slightly bluish north sky light, or equivalent artifi- cial light. This constitutes one cycle. 8.3 Remove those specimens which
18、 exhibit a color change at the end of one cycle. One cycle will generally produce a measureable color change in specimens which are ozone sensitive. 8.4 Suspend a fresh piece of the control specimen and continue exposure of any remaining specimens for a second cycle. 8.5 Run additional similar cycle
19、s as necessary. 9. Evaluation 9.1 At the end of each cycle immedi- ately compare those specimens which are removed from the exposure chamber with the preserved originals from which they were drawn. 9.2 Rate the effect on color of test specimens after any specified number of cycles by reference to th
20、e Gray Scale for Color Change, and report the number of cycles run (see 12.10). Grade 5negligible or no change as shown in Gray Scale Step 5. Grade 4.5change in color equivalent to Gray Scale Step 4-5. Grade 4change in color equivalent to Gray Scale Step 4. Grade 3.5change in color equivalent to Gra
21、y Scale Step 3-4. Grade 3change in color equivalent to Gray Scale Step 3. Grade 2.5change in color equivalent to Gray Scale Step 2-3. AATCC Test Method 109-2005 Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atmosphere under Low Humidities Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided
22、 by IHS under license with AATCC Licensee=Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ/9976803100 Not for Resale, 03/24/2007 04:07:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright 2006 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists 162TM 109-2005AATCC Technical Manual/200
23、7 Grade 2change in color equivalent to Gray Scale Step 2. Grade 1.5change in color equivalent to Gray Scale Step 1-2. Grade 1change in color equivalent to Gray Scale Step 1. 10. Report 10.1 Report the numerical grade for the change in color of each test specimen, the number of cycles run and the tem
24、perature and relative humidity at which the test was performed. 11. Precision and Bias 11.1 Precision. Precision for this test method has not been established. Until a precision statement is generated for this test method, use standard statistical tech- niques in making any comparisons of test resul
25、ts for either within-laboratory or between-laboratory averages. 11.2 Bias. Colorfastness to ozone in the atmosphere under low humidities can be defined only in terms of a test method. There is no independent method for de- termining the true values. As a means of estimating these properties, the met
26、hod has no known bias. 12. Notes 12.1 Available from Publications Office, ACGIH, Kemper Woods Center, 1330 Kemper Meadow Dr., Cincinnati OH 45240; tel: 513/742-2020. 12.2 The ozone exposure chamber for room temperatures and relative humidities not ex- ceeding 67% consists of an ozone generator, fan,
27、 baffle system, specimen rack and housing. Any form of an ozone generator may be used to produce the required concentration; how- ever, ultraviolet light from mercury bulb gen- erators or from spark-gap generators should be prevented from reaching the specimen on the rack by a suitable shield. 12.2.
28、1 One form of generator makes use of a high voltage transformer discharge through a grid or ceramic tubes. The generator is placed in front of a low velocity fan which ejects ozone through a baffle system into the expo- sure chamber. The specimen rack consists of individual clamps to accommodate spe
29、cimens of various sizes. Equipment is available from SDL Atlas L.L.C., 1813A Associate Lane, Charlotte NC 28217; tel: 704/329-0911; fax: 704/329-0914; e-mail: . 12.3 The control specimen for Lot 13 for tests made at room temperatures with relative humidities not exceeding 67% consists of a filament
30、triacetate, woven ground fabric dyed with the following formula: 0.3% C.I. Dis- perse Yellow 42; 0.45% C.I. Disperse Red 35; 0.36% C.I. Disperse Blue 27 and 0.36% C.I Disperse Blue 56. 12.4 The standard of fading for Lot 13 for tests made at room temperature with relative humidities not exceeding 67
31、% is a filament triacetate fabric dyed with the following for- mula: 0.36% C.I. Disperse Yellow 86; 0.30% C.I. Disperse Red 35 and 1.65% C.I. Disperse Blue 27. 12.5 The control specimen and standard of fading for tests made at room temperatures with relative humidities not exceeding 67% are availabl
32、e from Testfabrics Inc., P.O. Box 26, 415 Delaware St., W. Pittston PA 18643; tel: 717/603-0432; fax: 717/603-0433; e-mail: . 12.6 Caution: Both the control specimen and the standard of fading must be kept in air- tight containers to prevent color change en- countered in normal atmospheres. In addit
33、ion the control fabric is also sensitive to other at- mospheric contaminants such as oxides of ni- trogen. Its fading rate will vary considerably at different humidities and temperatures and its use in natural or end-use testing as a mea- sure of exposure to ozone is not recom- mended. The color cha
34、nge produced on the controls will reflect the combined effects of the atmospheric contaminants present, tem- perature and humidity variations and not just the effects of exposure to ozone. 12.7 The Gray Scale is available from AATCC, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park NC 27709; tel: 919/549-8141
35、; fax: 919/ 549-8933; e-mail: ordersaatcc.org. 12.8 For information regarding the mea- surement of ozone concentrations, see the fol- lowing references: Schulze, Fernand, “Versatile Combination Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide Analyzer,” Analyti- cal Chemistry 38, pp 748-752, May 1966. “Selected Methods of
36、the Measurement of Air Pollutants,” Public Health Service Publi- cation No. 999-AP-11, May 1965. Office of Technical Information and Publications (OTIP), Springfield VA. PB 167-677. 12.9 Apparatus for measuring ozone con- centration is commercially available from sev- eral manufacturers including th
37、e following: Beckman Instrument Inc., 2500 Harbor Blvd., Fullerton CA 92634; and SDL Atlas L.L.C., 1813A Associate Lane, Charlotte NC 28217; tel: 704/329-0911; fax: 704/329-0914; e-mail: . 12.10 An automated electronic grading sys- tem may be used as long as the system has been demonstrated to provi
38、de results that are equal to and provide equal or better repeatabil- ity and reproducibility than an experienced grader performing visual evaluation. Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC Licensee=Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ/9976803100 Not for Resale, 03/24/2007 04:07:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-