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1、标准分享网 w w w . b z f x w . c o m 免费下载 Copyright 2006 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists 352TM 188-2003AATCC Technical Manual/2007 Developed in 2000 by AATCC Committee RA60; editorially revised and reaffirmed 2001; reaffirmed 2002; revised 2003; editorially revised 2004. 1. Purpose
2、 and Scope 1.1 This test method is used to deter- mine the colorfastness to sodium hy- pochlorite bleach, commonly called “chlorine bleach,” in home laundering of textiles which are expected to withstand frequent laundering. 1.2 Results of this test method may be used in combination with other testi
3、ng for establishing care instructions (see 5.1, 9.6 and 12.8). 1.3 If a chlorine bleach contains ingre- dients other than the sodium hypochlo- rite, it is the total effect of these chemi- cals on the color change that is being evaluated. 1.4 This test method is designed for home laundering devices.
4、An accelerated colorfastness test simulating multiple home laundering (including those with sodium hypochlorite) is described in Test Method 61, Colorfastness to Laundering, Home and Commercial: Accelerated. There is no known correlation between those sections of Method 61 and this method. 2. Princi
5、ple 2.1 Specimens are laundered under ap- propriate conditions of temperature, de- tergent solution, chlorine bleach solution and abrasive action for five home laun- dering cycles. The laundered specimens are evaluated for color change. 3. Terminology 3.1 bleach, n.in home laundering, a product that
6、 will clean, whiten, brighten and aid in the removal of soils and stains from textile materials by oxidation that is inclusive of chlorine and non-chlorine products. 3.2 care instructions, n.in textiles, a series of directions describing which care practices should refurbish a product with- out adve
7、rse effects and warning of those care practices expected to have a harmful effect (see 12.1). 3.3 colorfastness, n.the resistance of a material to change in any of its color characteristics, to transfer of its colo- rant(s) to adjacent materials or both, as a result of the exposure of the material t
8、o any environment that might be encoun- tered during the processing, testing, stor- age or use of the materials. 3.4 laundering, n.of textile materials, a process intended to remove soil and/or stains by treatment (washing) with an aqueous detergent solution and normally including subsequent rinsing
9、, extracting and drying. 3.5 sodium hypochlorite bleach, n. 4-6% solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), pH 9.8-12.8, commonly called “chlorine bleach.” 4. Safety Precautions NOTE: These safety precautions are for information purposes only. The pre- cautions are ancillary to the testing proce- dure
10、s and are not intended to be all inclu- sive. It is the users responsibility to use safe and proper techniques in handling materials in this test method. Manufac- turers MUST be consulted for specific details such as material safety data sheets and other manufacturers recommenda- tions. All OSHA sta
11、ndards and rules must also be consulted and followed. 4.1 Good laboratory practices should be followed. Wear safety glasses in all laboratory areas. 4.2 Manufacturers safety recommen- dations should be followed when operat- ing laboratory testing equipment. 4.3 The 1993 AATCC Standard Refer- ence De
12、tergent may cause irritation. Care should be taken to prevent exposure to skin and eyes. 4.4 All chemicals should be handled with care. 4.5 In preparing, dispensing and han- dling bleach and detergent, use chemical goggles or face shield, impervious gloves and an impervious apron. 4.6 If concentrate
13、d sulfuric acid is di- luted to prepare the 10% acid (see 14.8.1 and 14.8.3), use chemical goggles or face shield, impervious gloves and an imper- vious apron. Concentrated acids should be handled only in an adequately venti- lated hood. CAUTION: Always add acid to water. 4.7 An eyewash/safety showe
14、r should be located nearby and an organic vapor respirator should be available for emer- gency use. 4.8 Exposure to chemicals used in this procedure must be controlled at or below levels set by governmental authorities (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Administrations OSHA permissible exposure l
15、imits PEL as found in 29 CFR 1910.1000 amended January 1, 1989). In addition, the American Congress of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) comprised of time weighted averages (TLV-TWA), short term exposure limits (TLV-STEL) and ceiling limits (TLV-C) are recommend
16、ed as a general guide for air contaminant exposure which should be met (see 14.1). 5. Uses and Limitations 5.1 Specimens may be tested using these procedures, but without sodium hy- pochlorite bleach, to determine the effect of laundering with water and/or water and detergent alone (see 9.6 and 12.8
17、). To test for colorfastness to non-chlorine bleach, see AATCC Method 172, Colorfastness to Non-Chlorine Bleach in Home Launder- ing (see 14.2). 6. Apparatus and Materials 6.1 Automatic washing machine (see 14.3). 6.2 Automatic tumble dryer (see 14.4). 6.3 Conditioning/drying racks with pull-out scr
18、eens or perforated shelves (see 14.5). 6.4 Ballast of 920 920 mm hemmed pieces of cloth (see 14.6). Choose one of the following. 6.4.1 Ballast type 1, bleached cotton sheeting. 6.4.2 Wash load ballast type 3, 50/50 polyester/cotton plain weave. 6.5 1993 AATCC Standard Reference Detergent WOB (see 14
19、.7). 6.6 Drip and line drying facilities. 6.7 Balance with at least 5 kg mini- mum capacity and sensitivity to 0.1 g. 6.8 Lab timer. 6.9 AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change (see 14.7) or suitable colorimeter or spectrophotometer for color change. 7. Reagents 7.1 Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 4- 6%. 7.2
20、 Distilled water. 7.3 Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, (10% solu- tion). 7.4 Potassium iodide, KI, (10% solu- tion). 7.5 Sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3, (0.1N). 8. Test Specimens 8.1 Use one specimen weighing 110.0 10.0 g from a sample. If a garment or textile item (towel, bed sheet, etc.) is to be used as a spec
21、imen, weigh the entire item to 0.1 g. If the garment weight ex- ceeds the specified load weight of 1.8 kg, AATCC Test Method 188-2003 Colorfastness to Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach in Home Laundering Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with
22、 AATCC Licensee=Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ/9976803100 Not for Resale, 03/24/2007 04:07:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright 2006 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists AATCC Technical Manual/2007TM 188-2003353 the total weight is to b
23、e included in the report. See 9.2.3 for exact weight specifi- cations on load. 9. Procedure 9.1 Tables I, II and III summarize washing and drying conditions which may be used in the test. 9.2 Washing. 9.2.1 Fill the washer with the specified water volume at the selected water tem- perature using the
24、 normal cycle setting. Measure and record the water hardness in any test. 9.2.2 Add 66 1 g of 1993 AATCC Standard Reference Detergent WOB (see 6.5). Add 240 5 mL (1 cup) of sodium hypochlorite bleach or the amount rec- ommended by the manufacturer for a full load of laundry. Run the washer for 2 min
25、 to ensure proper mixing of liquor. 9.2.3 Add enough ballast to the speci- men to make a 1.8 0.1 kg load. Set the washer on the cycle selected for washing and set the wash timer (see Tables I and II). Start the agitation and independently time the wash for reproducible results. When the desired wash
26、 time is complete, stop washer and advance the dial to the end of the wash cycle. Restart washer to rinse, drain and spin the load. 9.2.4 For the specimen to be dried by procedures A, B or D, allow washing to proceed through the rinse and final spin cycle. Remove test specimens immedi- ately after t
27、he final spin cycle, separate any tangled pieces, taking care to mini- mize distortion, and dry by procedures A, B or D (see Tables I and III). 9.2.5 For the specimen to be dried by procedure C, Drip Dry, stop the washer at the end of the final rinse cycle just before the water begins to drain. Remo
28、ve the specimens soaking wet. 9.3 Drying. 9.3.1 (A) Tumble Dry. Place the washed load (test specimens and ballast) in the tumble dryer, set on the cycle which generates the correct exhaust tem- peratures as specified in Table III. For fabrics that are heat sensitive, lower tem- peratures consistent
29、with producers rec- ommendation are required and must be reported. Operate the dryer until the total load is dry. Remove the load immediately after the machine stops. 9.3.2 (B) Line Dry. Hang each speci- men by two corners with the fabric length in the vertical direction. Allow the test specimens to
30、 hang in still air at room temperature until dry. 9.3.3 (C) Drip Dry. Hang each dripping wet specimen by two corners, with the fabric length in the vertical direction. Al- low specimens to hang in still air at room temperature until dry. 9.3.4 (D) Screen Dry. Spread each specimen on a horizontal scr
31、een or perfo- rated surface, removing wrinkles but not distorting or stretching and allow to dry in still air at room temperature. 9.4 Repeat 9.2 and 9.3 for a total of five launderings or to an end point of color change (see 14.2). 9.5 On completion of the fifth laundry cycle, (or after each cycle
32、where end point criteria are to be met), condition the specimens for at least 4 h by laying each specimen separately on the screen or per- forated shelf of a conditioning rack at an atmosphere of 21 1C and 65 2 RH before evaluating color change. 9.6 If this test method is to be used to develop care
33、instructions, specimens may also have to undergo further testing. Non- chlorine bleach sensitivity may need to be tested using AATCC Method 172. To separate the effects of components such as hardness, pH or bleach content (see 5.1, 12.8 and ASTM Method D 3938), this method with detergent only and/or
34、 this method using water only may be used. 10. Evaluation 10.1 Visual evaluation. 10.1.1 Using an unwashed specimen from the sample as a control, rate the color change of the test specimen in at least three places on the specimen or three times in one place using the Gray Scale for Color Change (see
35、 AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1). Grade 5negligible or no change as shown in Gray Scale Step 5. Grade 4.5a change in color equiva- lent to Gray Scale Step 4-5. Grade 4a change in color equivalent to Gray Scale Step 4. Grade 3.5a change in color equiva- lent to Gray Scale Step 3-4. Grade 3a change in c
36、olor equivalent to Gray Scale Step 3. Grade 2.5a change in color equiva- lent to Gray Scale Step 2-3. Grade 2a change in color equivalent to Gray Scale Step 2. Grade 1.5a change in color equiva- lent to Gray Scale Step 1-2. Grade 1a change in color equivalent to Gray Scale Step 1. 10.1.2 Ratings may
37、 be made compared to an unexposed control cut from the test sample or compared to a laundered con- trol specimen of known fastness. 10.2 Instrumental evaluation. 10.2.1 Instrumental measurements comparing unexposed and exposed, (washed), specimen or garments may be used (see AATCC Evaluation Procedu
38、res 6 and 7 and AATCC Method 173). Table IWashing and Drying Conditions Machine CycleWash TemperaturesDrying Procedures (1) Normal or Cotton/Sturdy(II) 27 3C (80 5F)(A) Tumble: (2) Delicate(III) 41 3C (105 5F)i. iiCotton/Sturdy (3) Permanent Press(IV) 49 3C (120 5F)ii. iDelicate (V) 60 3C (140 5F)ii
39、i. Permanent Press (B) Line (C) Drip (D) Screen Table IITypical Washing Machine Operating Parameters1 NormalPermanent PressDelicate (A) Water Level (Without Load) 64.3 3.8 L64.3 3.8 L64.3 3.8 L (B) Agitator Rate179 2 spm2179 2 spm119 2 spm (C) Washing Time12 min10 min8 min (D) Spin Speed645 15 rpm34
40、30 15 rpm430 15 rpm (E) Final Spin Cycle6 min4 min4 min 1Per machine specifications. 2spm = strokes per minute. 3rpm = revolutions per minute. Table IIIDryer Conditions Normal or Cotton/SturdyPermanent PressDelicate Exhaust TemperatureHighHighLow 66 5C (150 10F)66 5C (150 10F) 60C ( 140F) Cool Down
41、Time10 min10 min10 min Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC Licensee=Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ/9976803100 Not for Resale, 03/24/2007 04:07:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright
42、2006 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists 354TM 188-2003AATCC Technical Manual/2007 11. Interpretation of Results 11.1 This test is a satisfactory end use test for demonstrating the effect of the 1993 AATCC Standard Reference Deter- gent WOB and chlorine bleach on textile materials
43、 in home laundering. The color change results will establish a level of performance that can be used to prepare care instructions (see ASTM D 3938; 14.9). 11.2 If a significant color change is ob- served, an untreated duplicate sample should be retested using this method with water only and/or by fo
44、llowing AATCC Method 172 (see 9.6). 12. Report 12.1 Report the numerical average color change grade for each specimen tested. 12.2 Report washing conditions (Ara- bic and Roman Numerals) and drying conditions (capital letter from Table I; i.e., (1) IIIA (iii) means NORMAL cy- cle, wash water tempera
45、ture of 41 3C, tumble dry (permanent press). 12.3 Report the brand, sodium hy- pochlorite activity, and amount of the chlorine bleach used. 12.4 Report the available chlorine con- tent delivered to the wash by the dosage (see 14.8.3). 12.5 Report the weight of fabric speci- men or garment tested, if
46、 other than found in 8.1. 12.6 Report the number of wash cycles tested, if other than 5. 12.7 Report water hardness. 12.8 If the information gained through this testing is to be used in establishing care instructions, results of washing us- ing detergent and non-chlorine bleach, detergent alone or w
47、ater alone may have to be included (see 5.1 and 9.6). 13. Precision and Bias 13.1 Precision. 13.1.1 In 2001 a single laboratory study was performed. The same operator tested all samples. 13.1.2 Samples tested consisted of three fabrics dyed with three different dyes. Washing conditions tested con- s
48、isted of 60C and 49C wash tempera- tures. Both tests used 200 ppm levels of sodium hypochlorite. Each sample was evaluated instrumentally three times and averages were calculated. 13.1.3 Within-laboratory Standard Errors and Critical Differences are shown in Table IV. Data are on file at the AATCC T
49、echnical Center. 13.2 Bias. The colorfastness to chlo- rine bleach in home laundering can be de- fined only in terms of a test method. There is no independent method for de- termining the true value. As a means of estimating this property, the method has no known bias. 14. Notes 14.1 Available from Publications Office, ACGIH, Kemper Woods Center, 1330 Kemper Meadow Dr., Cincinnati OH 45240; tel: 51