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1、 AS 39592009 Australian Standard Construction of buildings in bushfire- prone areas AS 39592009 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee FP-020, Construction of Buildings in Bushfire-prone Areas. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 6 March 2009. This Standard
2、 was published on 10 March 2009. The following are represented on Committee FP-020: Australasian Fire and Emergency Service Authorities Council (AFAC) Australian Building Codes Board Australian Institute of Architects Australian Institute of Building Surveyors Australian Steel Institute Australian W
3、indow Association Inc. CSIRO Engineers Australia Fire Protection Association Australia Housing Industry Association Master Builders Australia Plastics and Chemicals Industries Association Incorporated Property Council Australia Testing Interests (Australia) Think Brick Australia Timber Preservers As
4、sociation of Australia Wood Council Australia Aknowledgement is made to the New South Wales Rural Fire Service for their contriibution in developing this Standard. This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 03182 and DR 05060. Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation
5、 of the expert individuals that contributed to the development of this Standard through their representation on the Committee and through the public comment period. Keeping Standards up-to-date Keeping Standards up-to-date Australian Standards are living documents that reflect progress in science, t
6、echnology and systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should incl
7、ude any amendments that may have been published since the Standard was published. Detailed information about Australian Standards, drafts, amendments and new projects can be found by visiting www.standards.org.auwww.standards.org.au Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and enco
8、urages readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at mailstandards.org.aumailstandards.org.au, or write to Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001. The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing AS 39592009 Australian Standard Con
9、struction of buildings in bushfire- prone areas Originated as AS 39591991. Second edition 1999. Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 1 (December 2000). Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 2 (December 2001). Third edition 2009. COPYRIGHT Standards Australia All rights are reserved. No part of this w
10、ork may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher. Published by Standards Australia GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia ISBN 0 7337 9051 8 AS 39592009 2 PREFACE Development This Standard
11、 was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee FP-020, Construction of Buildings in Bushfire-prone Areas, to supersede AS 39591999. Changes to this Edition This Edition incorporates the following changes: (a) The method of determining the Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) for a site (Section 2) has be
12、en revised and now comprises six categories, namely BALLOW, BAL12.5, BAL19, BAL29, BAL40 and BALFZ. These categories are based on heat flux exposure thresholds (see Table 3.1). (b) The methods for determining the Bushfire Attack Level now include both a step-by- step procedure, including tables that
13、 list climate, slope of ground and vegetation variations in States and Territories (Section 2) and a detailed calculated procedure contained in Appendix B. The slope of ground has also been clarified in Section 2 and a description and measurement of slope is included in Clause 2.2.4. (c) The constru
14、ction sections have been reorganized in group-specific construction requirements by Bushfire Attack Levels (BALs), rather than by building component. There are now seven Sections, namely Section 3 (General) Section 4 (BALLOW, for which this Standard does not provide construction requirements), Secti
15、on 5 (BAL12.5), Section 6 (BAL19), Section 7 (BAL29), Section 8 (BAL40), and Section 9 (BALFZ). (d) The construction requirements in Sections 3 to 9 have been revised to address the levels of exposure for the Bushfire Attack Levels (BALs). This Edition takes into consideration where building element
16、s and materials that have been subjected to established test methods, such as AS 1530.4, Methods for fire tests on building materials, components and structures, Part 4: Fire-resistance test of elements of construction, covering fire resistance. Standards Australia technical committee FP-018, Fire S
17、afety, has developed test methods exclusively for materials and elements of construction in bushfire-prone areas, namely, AS 1530.8.1, Tests on elements of construction for buildings exposed to simulated bushfire attack, Part 8.1: Radiant heat and small flaming source, which covers BAL12.5 to BAL40
18、and AS 1530.8.2, Tests on elements of construction for buildings exposed to simulated bushfire attack, Part 8.2: Large flaming sources, which covers BALFZ. Concessions for non-exposed facades are included in Section 3. (e) Attached structures, such as garages, have been included. (f) The aperture si
19、ze of mesh at 2 mm is based on ember attack; the gaps and penetrations sizes at 3 mm are based on radiant heat. (g) A worked example of bushfire assessment is included in Appendix A and is based on the step-by-step method to assist with the requirements set out in Section 2. Construction in Flame Zo
20、ne Whilst the majority of the Committee support the full Standard, unanimity was not reached on aspects related to BALFZ Flame Zone. The Committee will be asked to review this Standard, including Flame Zone construction, in light of relevant outcomes of the Victorian Royal Commission into the Februa
21、ry 2009 bushfires. The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing 3 AS 39592009 Issues for future editions and amendments Several issues were identified by the Committee when considering publication of this edition (which will be reconsidered by the Committee for inclusion in the next edition of
22、this Standard or as amendments to this Standard) as follows: (i) Royal CommissionStandards Australia, with input from the Committee, will be making a submission to the Royal Commission, which is undertaking a review into the bushfires experienced in Victoria during February 2009. Research from the b
23、ushfires will assist the committee in making improvements to subsequent editions of this Standard. (ii) RefugesRefuge areas and bunkers as high protection areas will be researched and considered as a possible addition to this Standard. (iii) Flame Zone (10 m setback)Currently, where the 10 m setback
24、 distance cannot be achieved, the performance of the elements of building construction that are less than 10 m from the classified vegetation is required to comply with AS 1530.8.2. The appropriateness of the test criteria for the risk is under consideration. (iv) GrasslandThe inclusion of unmanaged
25、 grassland in the vegetation types and classifications. (v) Vegetation fuel loadsCurrently, there is one representative value only for fuel loads for each vegetation category which may be conservative in some areas and consideration for multiple vegetation fuel loads will be given. (vi) Steel roofsT
26、ests to demonstrate the performance of steel roofs in a bushfire. (vii) Tiled roofsThe effects of wind on tiled roofs during a bushfire. (viii) Aperture size of window mesh and perforated sheetingAscertain the appropriate aperture size for window mesh and perforated sheeting used to protect windows
27、and doors from ember attack. (ix) SubfloorsRequirements for the protection of subfloor spaces against ember attack. This Edition provides information concerning storage of combustible materials in the subfloor space. (x) DoorsThe appropriate type of external door (solid core or glazed) for the varyi
28、ng levels of bushfire attack is to be researched. (xi) Log constructionThe application of log construction as an exterior building element of construction. (xii) Straw bale constructionThe application of straw bale construction as an exterior building element of construction. (xiii) Draught excluder
29、sGaps between the base of a door and the floor require a draught excluder that is non-combustible. (xiv) SarkingConsideration is to be given to the effectiveness of sarking under different roof coverings. (xv) Glazed elementsThe performance characteristics of glazed elements at elevated temperatures
30、. (xvi) Fire resistanceTest methods for fire-resisting materials and assemblies, as currently, there is no test method available to assess the performance of fire-resisting materials such a plastics. Research and development for the assessment of a bushfire attack, together with specific constructio
31、n requirements, are continuing and the results are being considered by the Committee for inclusion in a future edition of the Standard. AS 39592009 4 Normative and Informative The terms normative and informative have been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which they
32、apply. A normative appendix is an integral part of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is only for information and guidance. Notes and commentaries The use of Notes in this Standard is of an advisory nature only. They provide explanations and guidance on recommended design consideration or t
33、echnical procedures, as well as an informative cross-reference to other documents or publications. This Standard incorporates a Commentary on some clauses. The Commentary directly follows the relevant clause, is designated by C preceding the clause number and is printed in italics in a panel. The Co
34、mmentary is for information only and does not need to be followed for compliance with the Standard. The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing 5 AS 39592009 CONTENTS Page FOREWORD7 SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE 8 1.2 OBJECTIVE8 1.3 APPLICATION.8 1.4 NORMATIVE REFERENCES8 1.5 DEFINITIO
35、NS 9 1.6 PROCESS OF DETERMINING CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS 11 1.7 BUSHFIRE ATTACK LEVEL (BAL) 12 SECTION 2 DETERMINING THE BUSHFIRE ATTACK LEVEL (BAL) 2.1 GENERAL 14 2.2 SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE (METHOD 1) 14 SECTION 3 CONSTRUCTION GENERAL 3.1 GENERAL 33 3.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIFIC STRUCTU
36、RES 33 3.3 EXTERNAL MOULDINGS 35 3.4 HIGHER LEVELS OF CONSTRUCTION 35 3.5 REDUCTION IN CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS DUE TO SHIELDING 36 3.6 VENTS, WEEPHOLES AND GAPS. 38 3.7 BUSHFIRE SHUTTERS. 39 3.8 TESTING TO AS 1530.8. 40 3.9 GLAZING . 40 SECTION 4 CONSTRUCTION FOR BUSHFIRE ATTACK LEVEL LOW (BALLOW)
37、. 41 SECTION 5 CONSTRUCTION FOR BUSHFIRE ATTACK LEVEL 12.5 (BAL12.5) 5.1 GENERAL 42 5.2 SUBFLOOR SUPPORTS 42 5.3 FLOORS 42 5.4 EXTERNAL WALLS 42 5.5 EXTERNAL GLAZED ELEMENTS AND ASSEMBLIES AND EXTERNAL DOORS . 43 5.6 ROOFS (INCLUDING VERANDA AND ATTACHED CARPORT ROOFS, PENETRATIONS, EAVES, FASCIAS,
38、GABLES, GUTTERS AND DOWNPIPES)46 5.7 VERANDAS, DECKS, STEPS, RAMPS AND LANDINGS 48 5.8 WATER AND GAS SUPPLY PIPES 49 SECTION 6 CONSTRUCTION FOR BUSHFIRE ATTACK LEVEL 19 (BAL19) 6.1 GENERAL 50 6.2 SUBFLOOR SUPPORTS 50 6.3 FLOORS 50 6.4 EXTERNAL WALLS 50 6.5 EXTERNAL GLAZED ELEMENTS AND ASSEMBLIES AND
39、 EXTERNAL DOORS . 51 6.6 ROOFS (INCLUDING VERANDA AND ATTACHED CARPORT ROOFS, PENETRATIONS, EAVES, FASCIAS, GABLES, GUTTERS AND DOWNPIPES)54 AS 39592009 6 Page 6.7 VERANDAS, DECKS, STEPS, RAMPS AND LANDINGS 56 6.8 WATER AND GAS SUPPLY PIPES 57 SECTION 7 CONSTRUCTION FOR BUSHFIRE ATTACK LEVEL 29 (BAL
40、29) 7.1 GENERAL 58 7.2 SUBFLOOR SUPPORTS 58 7.3 FLOORS 58 7.4 EXTERNAL WALLS 59 7.5 EXTERNAL GLAZED ELEMENTS AND ASSEMBLIES AND EXTERNAL DOORS . 59 7.6 ROOFS (INCLUDING VERANDA AND ATTACHED CARPORT ROOFS, PENETRATIONS, EAVES, FASCIAS, GABLES, GUTTERS AND DOWNPIPES)62 7.7 VERANDAS, DECKS, STEPS, RAMP
41、S AND LANDINGS 64 7.8 WATER AND GAS SUPPLY PIPES 66 SECTION 8 CONSTRUCTION FOR BUSHFIRE ATTACK LEVEL 40 (BAL40) 8.1 GENERAL 67 8.2 SUBFLOOR SUPPORTS 67 8.3 FLOORS 67 8.4 EXTERNAL WALLS 68 8.5 EXTERNAL GLAZED ELEMENTS AND ASSEMBLIES AND EXTERNAL DOORS . 68 8.6 ROOFS (INCLUDING VERANDA AND ATTACHED CA
42、RPORT ROOFS, PENETRATIONS, EAVES, FASCIAS, GABLES, GUTTERS AND DOWNPIPES). 70 8.7 VERANDAS, DECKS, STEPS, RAMPS AND LANDINGS 72 8.8 WATER AND GAS SUPPLY PIPES 73 SECTION 9 CONSTRUCTION FOR BUSHFIRE ATTACK LEVEL FZ (BALFZ) 9.1 GENERAL 74 9.2 SUBFLOOR SUPPORTS 74 9.3 FLOORS 74 9.4 EXTERNAL WALLS 75 9.
43、5 EXTERNAL GLAZED ELEMENTS AND ASSEMBLIES AND EXTERNAL DOORS . 75 9.6 ROOFS (INCLUDING VERANDA AND ATTACHED CARPORT ROOFS, PENETRATIONS, EAVES, FASCIAS, GABLES, GUTTERS AND DOWNPIPES). 77 9.7 VERANDAS, DECKS, STEPS, RAMPS AND LANDINGS 78 9.8 WATER AND GAS SUPPLY PIPES 80 APPENDICES A WORKED EXAMPLE
44、FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF BUSHFIRE ATTACK LEVEL (BAL). 81 B DETAILED METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE BUSHFIRE ATTACK LEVEL (BAL)METHOD 2 83 C PROCESS AND PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE BUSHFIRE ATTACK LEVEL (BAL) 95 D ILLUSTRATIONS 96 E TIMBER SPECIES AND DENSITIES . 101 F BUSHFIRE-RESISTING TIMBER. 105 G EXP
45、LANATION OF BUSHFIRE ATTACK LEVELS (BALs) 107 The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing 7 AS 39592009 FOREWORD This Standard is primarily concerned with improving the ability of buildings in designated bushfire-prone areas to better withstand attack from bushfire thus giving a measure of pro
46、tection to the building occupants (until the fire front passes) as well as to the building itself. Improving the design and construction of buildings to minimize damage from the effects of bushfire is but one of several measures available to property owners and occupiers to address damage during bus
47、hfire. Property owners should be aware that this Standard is part of a process that aims to lessen the risk of damage to buildings occurring in the event of the onslaught of bushfire. Other measures of mitigating damage from bushfire fall within the areas of planning, subdivision, siting, landscapin
48、g and maintenance. Research is continuing with regards to the effects of bushfires on buildings, determination of bushfire-prone areas within various States and particular construction techniques designed to maximize the performance of buildings when subjected to bushfire attack. The outcomes of thi
49、s research will be reflected in subsequent editions of this Standard. The measures set out in this Standard to improve construction, and thus better equip a building to withstand the effects from bushfire, may also be used as a guide for those who wish to voluntarily adopt such measures in situations where regulatory compliance is not mandated. Although this Standard provides for the highest Bushfire Attack Level (BAL), that is, BALFZ,