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1、AS/NZS 4399:1996 Australian/New Zealand Standard Sun protective clothing Evaluation and classifi cation Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 23 Mar 2007 AS/NZS 4399:1996 This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical Committee TX/21, Sun Protective Clothing. It wa
2、s approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 26 April 1996 and on behalf of the Council of Standards New Zealand on 22 May 1996. It was published on 5 July 1996. The following interests are represented on Committee TX/21: Apparel this information is supplemented each month by the ma
3、gazines The Australian Standard and Standards New Zealand, which subscribing members receive, and which give details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards. Suggestions for improvements to Joint Standards, addressed to the head office of either Standards Austral
4、ia or Standards New Zealand, are welcomed. Notifi cation of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken. This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 94
5、321. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 23 Mar 2007 AS/NZS 4399:1996 Australian/New Zealand Standard Sun protective clothing Evaluation and classifi cation PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY: STANDARDS AUSTRALIA 1 The Crescent, Homebush NSW 2140 Australia STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND Level 10, Radio New Zealan
6、d House, 155 The Terrace, Wellington 6001 New Zealand ISBN 0 7337 0573 1 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 23 Mar 2007 AS/NZS 4399:19962 PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee TX/21 on Sun Protective Clothing. This Standard is i
7、ntended to provide information to the consumer on the relative capability of textiles and articles of personal apparel to provide protection against solar ultraviolet radiation. This information is provided to the consumer in the form of a labelling scheme based on an objective, reproducible test me
8、thod. It is applicable to all such articles for which the claim of an advantage of protection against solar ultraviolet radiationismade.Similarprotectionofferedbysyntheticshadecloth,sunscreens, sunglasses and eye protectors are the subject of other Standards. In determining the test method, and thus
9、 the rating system, given in this Standard, this Committee considered the relative merits of in vivo and in vitro test methods, and the relationship between sunglasses and sun protective textiles (which are inert products) and sunscreens (where there may be an interaction such as bioactivation or a
10、variability in the sunscreen fi lm thickness because of the uneven surface of human skin). Many consumers will be familiar with the term sun protection factor (SPF) which is used to rate sunscreens. The test method used to determine an SPF value is an in vivo one, using minimum erythema on human ski
11、n as an endpoint, and the procedure is given in AS/NZS 2604, Sunscreen productsEvaluation and classifi cation. However, the term ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) is used in this Standard to rate sun protective fabrics and apparel, and it is based on an in vitro test method similar to the one used
12、 in AS 1067, Sunglasses and fashion spectacles. The UPF measurement is a relative ranking of the sun protective capabilities of a textile and should not be construed as a burn time. The test method given in this Standard is intended for determing the UPF of an unstretched, dry textile. The public co
13、mment received on DR 94321 indicated that there was considerable interest in the level of protection offered by garments which were wet or stretched. These comments were considered by the Committee, however, the relevant variables for a wet test procedure and a stretched test procedure are not yet k
14、nown. Research to identify these variables is currently underway, with the intention of including suitable test methods when this Standard is revised. It is expected that some textiles will have a lower UPF rating when wet, and that the amount of protection offered by knitted textiles is likely to v
15、ary according to how much they are stretched. Other public comment addressed the issue of garment design, which is not covered by this Standard. The Committee felt that people should be made aware that the more skin they cover, the less UVR they will receive. Of the interests represented on the Comm
16、ittee shown on the inside front cover, the University of Sydney School of Veterinary Science did not agree with the publication of this Standard. The term normative has been used in this Standard to defi ne the application of the appendix to which it applies. A normative appendix is an integral part
17、 of a Standard. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 23 Mar 2007 3AS/NZS 4399:1996 CONTENTS Page 1SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 2OBJECTIVE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 3REFERENCED DOCUMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 4DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 5CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . .5 6MARKING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 APPENDICES AMETHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE UVR TRANSMISSION OF A DRY TEXTILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 BERYTHEMAL EFFECTIVENESS TABLES
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 First published as AS/NZS 4399:1996. Incorporating: Amdt 11998 CopyrightSTANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand publications and software
21、. Exceptwhere the Copyright Actallows and except whereprovided for below nopublications or software produced by Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Aust
22、ralia or Standards New Zealand. Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment. Australian requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed to the head office of Standards Australia. New Zealand requests should be directed to Standards New
23、Zealand. Up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard may be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand. Inclusion of copyright material in computer software programs is als
24、o permitted without royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs. Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and d
25、ate of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified. The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia or Stan
26、dards New Zealand at any time. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 23 Mar 2007 AS/NZS 4399:19964 STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND Australian/New Zealand Standard Sun protective clothingEvaluation and classifi cation 1SCOPEThis Standard sets out requirements for determining the rate
27、d ultraviolet protection factor of sun protective textiles, garments and other items of personal apparel (such as hats) which are worn in close proximity to the skin. It also specifi es appropriate detailedlabellingrequirements.Itdoesnotcoversunscreenproductsfortopical application to the human skin,
28、 fabrics for architectural or horticultural use such as shadecloth, sunglasses or items which offer protection at a distance from the skin, such as umbrellas or shade structures. It does not cover protection from ultraviolet radiation sources other than the sun. NOTES: 1 Requirements for sunscreens
29、are specifi ed in AS/NZS 2604. 2Requirements for sunglasses are given in AS 1067, Parts 1 and 2. 3Requirements for shadecloth are given in AS 4174. 4Products such as umbrellas and shade structures which are not in close proximity to the skin will provide a lesser degree of protection than would be i
30、ndicated by the rating of the material from which the product is made, because of the amount of scattered radiation that could enter from around the edges of the product. The amount of this radiation will vary with the area of the product, and the distance of the product from the body. This Standard
31、 is therefore not appropriate for evaluating such items. 2OBJECTIVEThis Standard is intended to provide information to the consumer on the relative capability of textiles and articles of personal apparel to provide protection against solar ultraviolet radiation in order to assist consumers in the se
32、lection of those items which best suit their need for sun protection. 3REFERENCED DOCUMENTSThe following documents are referred to in this Standard: AS 1067Sunglasses and fashion spectacles 1067.1Part 1: Safety requirements 1067.2Part 2: Performance requirements 4174Synthetic shadecloth AS/NZS 2604
33、Sunscreen productsEvaluation and classifi cation CIE 85Solar spectral irradiance 4DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the defi nitions below apply. 4.1Shallthe use of the word shall indicates that a requirement is mandatory. 4.2Shouldthe use of the word should indicates that the relevant s
34、entence is not a requirement but is advisory. COPYRIGHT Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 23 Mar 2007 5AS/NZS 4399:1996 4.3Sun protective clothingan item of personal apparel (including garments, hats, shoes and fabric intended to be made into personal apparel) for which a claim of protect
35、ive advantage against solar ultraviolet radiation is made. 4.4Ultraviolet protection factor (UPF)the ratio of the average effective UVR irradiance calculated for unprotected skin to the average effective UVR irradiance calculated for skin protected by the test fabric. 4.5UVRsolar ultraviolet radiati
36、on in the range 280 to 400 nm. 4.5.1UVAsolar ultraviolet radiation in the range 315 to 400 nm. 4.5.2UVBsolar ultraviolet radiation in the range 280 to 315 nm. NOTE: This classifi cation is based on the ranges given in Proposed change to the IRPA 1985 guidelines on limits of exposure to ultraviolet r
37、adiation. International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee of the International Radiation Protection Association. Health Physics (1989) 56, 971. 5CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING For the purposes of labelling, sun protective clothing shall be categorized according to its rated UPF (determined in accordanc
38、e with Appendix A) as given in Table 1. TABLE1 UPF CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM UPF RangeUVR protection category Effective UVR transmission, % UPF Ratings 15 to 24Good protection6.7 to 4.215, 20 25 to 39Very Good protection4.1 to 2.625, 30, 35 40 to 50, 50+Excellent protection2.540, 45, 50, 50+ 6MARKING Ea
39、ch item or roll of fabric for which a claim of protective advantage against solar UVR is made shall be accompanied by the following information, presented in a clear and legible manner: (a)The manufacturers name, tradename or mark. (b)Both the UPF rating (determined in accordance with Appendix A) an
40、d the protection category of the product, as given in Table 1, shall be used as follows: (i)The only numerical sun protection rating system used for the product shall be the UPF rating system, as set out in this Standard. (ii)The numerical rating used for the product shall be preceeded by either Ult
41、raviolet Protection Factor or UPF. (iii)Numerical UPF ratings greater than 50 shall not be claimed or implied for the product. (iv)The terms 50, 50+ or 50 plus shall only be claimed for products with a UPF rating of 51 or greater. (v)The same font and type size shall be used for the rating and the p
42、rotection category. COPYRIGHT Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 23 Mar 2007 AS/NZS 4399:19966 (c)The following shall be used: This UPF rating is for the fabric and does not address the amount of protection which is afforded by the design of the article. The manipulations involved in garme
43、nt manufacture such as stretching and sewing may lower the UPF of the material. Articles which have been designed to cover the maximum area of the body are recommended. The protection offered by this item may be lessened (i)at points where the fabric is in close contact with the skin such as across
44、the shoulders; (ii)if the fabric is stretched; (iii)if the fabric is wet; and (iv)with time, due to the effects of normal wear. (d)For headwear, the following shall be used: This item does not provide protection against refl ected or scattered solar ultraviolet radiation. In addition, the following
45、optional marking may be used: (A)The mean UVA transmittance of the textile, as determined in accordance with Appendix A. (B)The mean UVB transmittance of the textile, as determined in accordance with Appendix A. (C)The effective UVR transmission range for the claimed protection category, as given in
46、 Table 1. NOTE: ManufacturersmakingastatementofcompliancewiththisJoint Australian/ New Zealand Standard on a product, packaging or promotional material related to that product are advised to ensure that such compliance is capable of being verifi ed. COPYRIGHT Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALI
47、A on 23 Mar 2007 7AS/NZS 4399:1996 APPENDIXA METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE UVR TRANSMISSION OF A DRY TEXTILE (Normative) A1SCOPEThis Appendix sets out a spectrophotometric or spectroradiometric method of determining the UVR transmittance of a dry textile. A2PRINCIPLEThe UVR (290 to 400 nm) tra
48、nsmitted through a specimen is measured using a photodetector. An integrating sphere is used to ensure that the total (i.e. both the direct and diffuse) spectral transmittance of the material is measured. A3GENERALThe average effective UVR irradiance for unprotected skin (Eeff) is calculated by conv
49、olving the incident solar spectral irradiance with the relative spectral effectiveness summed over the wavelength range 290 to 400 nm. To obtain the average effective UVR irradiance for the skin when it is protected (E), the calculation is repeated with the spectral transmittance of the fabric as an additional weighting. The ratio of Eeff to E is expressed as the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). A4APPARATUSThe following apparatus is required: (a)A spectrophotometer or spectroradiometer, with a beam of radiation of angular divergence of less tha