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1、AS 12101997 (Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1, 2 and 3) Australian Standard Pressure vessels AS 1210 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee ME-001, Pressure Equipment. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 31 January 1997 and published on 5 July 1997. The follo
2、wing interests are represented on Committee ME-001: A.C.T. WorkCover Australasian Corrosion Association Australasian Institute of Engineering Inspection Aluminium Development Council, Australia Australian Building Codes Board Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Australian Institute of Energy
3、 Australian Institute of Petroleum Australian Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association Boiler and Pressure Vessel Manufacturers Association of Australia Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia Department for Industrial Affairs, S.A. Department of Labour, New Zealand Department of Training and Industri
4、al Relations, Qld Electricity Corporation of New Zealand Electricity Supply Association of Australia Institute of Metals and Materials, Australasia Institution of Engineers, Australia Insurance Council of Australia Metal Trades Industry Association of Australia National Association of Testing Author
5、ities, Australia New Zealand Engineering Federation New Zealand Heavy Engineering Research Association New Zealand Petrochemical Users Group New Zealand Timber Industry Federation Victorian WorkCover Authority Welding Technology Institute of Australia WorkCover N.S.W. Work Health Authority, N.T. Wor
6、kplace Standards Authority, Tas. WorkSafe W.A. Keeping Standards up-to-date Standards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may
7、be issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments which may have been published since the Standard was purchased. Detailed information about Standards can be found by visiting the Standard
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9、 We also welcome suggestions for improvement in our Standards, and especially encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at .au, or write to the Chief Executive, Standards Australia International Ltd, GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001. T
10、his Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 95103. The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing AS 12101997 (Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1, 2 and 3) Australian Standard Pressure vessels Originated in part as AS B311931 and AS CB11931. Previous edition 1989. Fifth edition 1997. Reis
11、sued incorporating Amendment Nos. 1 (February 1998), 2 (September 1998) and 3 (April 2002). COPYRIGHT Standards Australia International All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the
12、 written permission of the publisher. Published by Standards Australia International Ltd GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia ISBN 0 7337 1012 3 AS 121019972 PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee ME/1 on Pressure Equipment to superse
13、de AS 12101989, Unfi red Pressure Vessels (known as the SAA Unfi red Pressure Vessels Code). This Standard is a Primary Applicable Standard referenced in AS/NZS 1200 which is the main Standard for pressure equipment and outlines general requirements for water tube, fi re tube, shell and miscellaneou
14、s boilers, pressure vessels, pressure piping and related matters. AS/NZS 1200 is referred to in the Worksafe Australia, National Standard for Plant. This Standard incorporates Amendment No. 1 (February 1998), Amendment No. 2 (September 1998) and Amendment No. 3 (April 2002). The changes arising from
15、 the Amendment are indicated in the text by a marginal bar and amendment number against the clause, note, table, fi gure, or part thereof affected. This Standard is the result of a consensus among representatives on the Joint Committee to produce it as an Australian Standard. Consensus means general
16、 agreement by all interested parties. Consensus includes an attempt to remove all objection and implies much more than the concept of a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. It is consistent with this meaning that a member may be included in the Committee list and yet not be in full agreem
17、ent with all clauses of this Standard. Revisions and additions contained in the published Amendments 1 to 4 to the 1989 edition of this Standard, together with subsequent revisions and additions approved by the Committee, have been included in this edition. The main changes introduced subsequent to
18、Amendment 4 include an extension to cover fi red and unfi red pressure vessels, non-metallic pressure vessels, extensive editorial modifi cations to align with current Standards Australia practice and a number of important technical changes, including the addition, revision and clarifi cation of the
19、 scope, stress tables, minimum thickness, fl at plates, inspection openings, transportable vessels, relief valve capacity and risk management. As part of the restructuring of various Standards covered by AS/NZS 1200 into core type Standards, most requirements for manufacture and heat treatment, weld
20、ing and brazing qualifi cation, examination and testing and installation have been deleted, and reference is made to specifi c Standards covering these matters. The removal of this data has left a number of appendices and clauses blank. The complete clause renumbering of the whole of the Standard ha
21、s been avoided as clauses are referred to in many documents, such as quality assurance manuals, manufacturing specifi cations and computer calculations. Minor changes have been made in the welding procedure requirements, including relevant postweld heat treatment requirements, principally to align w
22、ith world practice. It is not intended that qualifi ed welding procedures will be invalidated by these changes nor that the changes will be applied retrospectively. References to riveted construction have been withdrawn as this type of construction is rarely used at the present time. For guidance, r
23、eference may be made to the now superseded AS CB1, Part 1: Boilers other than water tube boilers and locomotive boilers for railway purposes, reference copies of which are available at the Standards Australia Information Centres. A2 A signifi cant change by Amendment No. 2 to this 1997 edition is th
24、e reduction of the factor of safety used to determine the material design stress from 4 to 3.5. There are a number of justifi cations for such a change, including the improvement in the quality of materials, an improvement in the quality of welding and fabrication, improved inspection technology and
25、 better information on design, operation, maintenance and vessel failures. The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing 3AS 12101997 This Standard follows in principle other codes forming part of AS/NZS 1200 in giving guidance to designers, manufacturers, inspection bodies, purchasers and users
26、 in the form ofminimumengineeringrequirementswhicharenecessaryforthesafedesign, manufacture and testing of pressure vessels. In special instances additional requirements may be necessary for adequate performance or safety. The requirements in this Standard have been formulated to afford reasonably c
27、ertain protection of life and property and to indicate where a margin for deterioration in service may be needed so as to give a reasonably long, safe period of usefulness. The Standard takes into consideration advancements in design and materials, and the evidence of experience. The Standard contai
28、ns basic data necessary for design, including material specifi cation, designparameters,requirementsforfabrication,testingandinspection.These requirements are specifi ed in terms of principles to the fullest practicable extent, supplemented where necessary by further detail to obtain uniform interpr
29、etation of principle and guidance on best methods. In other areas the Standard indicates where caution is necessary but a direct prohibition would be unwise at the present level of knowledge. The Standard incorporates the class system of vessels based on different classes of construction, and gives
30、basic principles to indicate where such classes should or are to be used. Three main classes are adopted using the present level of stress (safety factor of 4 approximately). Additional classes of vessel, i.e. Class 1 H and 2 H, may be produced in accordance with AS 1210 Supplement 1, which permits
31、the use of design stresses higher than those contained herein. The specifi c design requirements of the Standard are based on a simplifi ed engineering approach and are intended to be the standard methods of design. However, in special instances, particularly where guidance is not provided in this S
32、tandard, other methods may be used provided that the validity of the design is satisfactorily established and agreed. No rules for manufacture can be written in sufficient detail to ensure good workmanship in manufacture. Each vessel manufacturer is responsible for taking every necessary step to mak
33、e sure that the quality of manufacture is such as will ensure compliance with good engineering practice and design. The user will also need to consider many factors beyond those covered by this Standard in the fi nal specifi cation of a vessel and is cautioned that the Standard is not a complete des
34、ign handbook and that there is a need for competent engineering judgement. The Standard continues to be written largely for Australian conditions and to cater for recent moves in various States and Territories to objective or performance regulations rather than the earlier prescriptive ones. These m
35、oves also have lead to privatization of inspection functions such as design verifi cation, manufacture and in-service inspection, and agreement by designers, manufacturers, purchasers and others involved. Thus the Standard uses competent inspection bodies as in European Union practice in place of th
36、e previous regulatory authority; and is written as far as practical for clear interpretation and use in contracts to assist all parties and facilitate safety and trade. It provides fl exibility to use alternative methods, materials, Standards and the like where equivalent safety and performance is a
37、chieved and any departures from the Standard are clearly identifi ed in all documentation and are agreed. Acknowledgment is gratefully made to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers for permission to reproduce certain extracts from the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. In addition, acknowl
38、edgment is made of the considerable assistance provided by British and other national Standards. This Standard makes use of the draft ISO Standard for pressure vessels and the current American and British Standards for pressure vessels as well as other selected leading Standardsincludingthedevelopin
39、gEuropeanStandardsandtheexperienceand AS 121019974 development in Australia. This has been done to take advantage of world experience and align with these major Standards to optimize safety and standardization and facilitate trade. Similarly compliance with the appropriate class of this Standard wil
40、l satisfy the technical requirements for equivalent vessels to the above international Standards. However compliance with regulatory and quality assurance requirements of the country of use will need to be satisfi ed. For comparison of this Standard with the above Standards see AS/NZS 1200. Statemen
41、ts expressed in mandatory terms in notes to tables and fi gures are deemed to be requirements of this Standard. The terms normative and informative have been used in this Standard to defi ne the application of the Appendices. A normative appendix is an integral part of this Standard and an informati
42、ve appendix is only for information and guidance. The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing 5AS 12101997 CONTENTS Page SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1.1SCOPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 1.2OBJECTIVE AND PERFORMANC
43、E CRITERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 1.3APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 1.4INTERPRETATION OF STANDARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 1.5NEW DESIGNS, MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING METHODS . . .11 1.
44、6CLASSES OF VESSEL CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 1.7APPLICATION OF VESSEL CLASSES AND TYPES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 1.8DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 1.9UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 1.10NOTATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 1.11INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER AND MANUFACTURER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、 . . . . . . .18 1.12DESIGNATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 1.13REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 SECTION 2 MATERIALS 2.1MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47、. . . . . . . . .20 2.2STANDARD COMPONENTS AND INTEGRALLY CLAD METALS . . . . .20 2.3ALTERNATIVE MATERIAL AND COMPONENT SPECIFICATIONS . . . .21 2.4MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 2.5LIMITS OF APPLICATION OF MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS . . . . .22
48、 2.6MATERIAL FOR LOW TEMPERATURE SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 2.7MATERIAL FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 2.8NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF MATERIALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 SECTION 3 DESIGN 3.1GENERAL DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 3.2DESIGN CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 3.3DESIGN STRENGTHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 3.4THICKNESS OF VESSEL WALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 3.5WELDED AND BRAZED JOINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 3.6LIGAMENT EFFICIENCY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .