AS 1746-1991 硬铜绞线1.pdf

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1、AS 17461991 Australian Standard ConductorsBare overhead Hard-drawn copper Title allocated by Defence Cataloguing Authority: CONDUCTORSBARE OVERHEADHARD-DRAWN COPPER (NSC 6145) This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee EL/10, Overhead Lines. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standa

2、rds Australia on 16 April 1991 and published on 10 June 1991. The following interests are represented on Committee EL/10: Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufactures Association Australian Porcelain Insulators Association Confederation of Australian Industry Electrical and Radio Federation of

3、Victoria Electricity Supply Association of Australia Railways of Australia Committee Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is imp

4、ortant therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto. Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each mont

5、h by the magazine The Australian Standard, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards. Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Australia, are welcomed.

6、 Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken. This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 90062. AS 17461991 Australian Standard ConductorsBare overhead

7、 Hard-drawn copper AS 1746 first published in part as AS C411927. Second edition 1950. AS C306 first published 1950. AS C411950 and AS C3061950 revised and redesignated AS C3061958. AS C3061958 revised and redesignated in part as AS C411968. AS C3061958 withdrawn 1972. AS C411968 revised and redesig

8、nated AS 17461975. Second edition 1991. PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA (STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA) 1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140 ISBN 0 7262 6903 4 AS 174619912 PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Overhead Lines and supersedes AS 17461975, Hard-

9、drawn copper conductors for overhead power transmission purposes. The rangeof conductorsizes providedis similar tothe rangespecified in AS 17461975, but the Standard also provides the facility for conductors of other dimensions to be supplied by reference to this Standard. This Standard differs from

10、 the 1975 edition as follows: (a)Minimum ultimate tensile stress (UTS) of the larger wire sizes has been reduced slightly to reflect the changed copper purity, and processing methods. Other wire UTS values have been rationalized. (b) An additional wire size (3.75 mm diameter), and a new standard con

11、ductor construction (7/3.75) have been introduced. (c)A new appendix has been provided, which includes the coefficient of linear expansion, and the theoretical basis for the calculation of modulus of elasticity. (d) Another new appendix has been included which highlights items which should be specif

12、ied by the purchaser or agreed between the purchaser and manufacturer at the time of order. CopyrightSTANDARDS AUSTRALIA Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia publications and software. Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for b

13、elow no publications or software produced by Standards Australia may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia. Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment. Requests for permiss

14、ion and information on commercial software royalties should be directed to the head office of Standards Australia. Standards Australia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of

15、a royalty or advice to Standards Australia. Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs. Care should be taken to ensure that mate

16、rial used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified. The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or wi

17、thout payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia at any time. 3AS 17461991 CONTENTS Page SECTION 1SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、 . . . . . .4 1.2REFERENCED DOCUMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 1.3DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 1.4NOMENCLATURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、 . . . . . . . . . . . .4 SECTION 2MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS AND WIRE PROPERTIES 2.1GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 2.2MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20、 .5 2.3WIRE PROPERTIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 SECTION 3CONDUCTOR REQUIREMENTS 3.1CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 3.2JOINTS IN WIRES OF CONDUCTORS . . . . . . . . . .

21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 3.3LAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 3.4STANDARD SIZES AND CALCULATED PROPERTIES OF CONDUCTORS . . .6 SECTION 4TESTS 4.1TEST SPECIMENS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 4.2MECHANICAL TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 4.3RESISTIVITY TEST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 4.4LAY RATIO TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 4.5PLACE OF TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 SECTION 5PACKING AND MARKING 5.1PACKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、 . . . . . . .9 5.2MARKING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 5.3CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 APPENDICES ACALCULATION OF CONDUCTOR PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、 . . . . . . .10 BCOEFFICIENT OF LINEAR EXPANSION AND CALCULATION OF MODULUS OF ELASTICITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 CPURCHASING GUIDELINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 AS 174619914 STANDARDS AUSTRALIA A

26、ustralian Standard ConductorsBare overheadHard-drawn copper SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1SCOPE This Standard specifies requirements and tests for homogeneous bare electrical conductors for overhead power transmission, and constructed of hard-drawn copper wires. NOTES: 1 Appendix A gives methods to

27、 calculate conductor properties. 2 Appendix B gives the coefficient of linear expansion and the theoretical basis for the calculation of modulus of elasticity. 3 Appendix C lists information which should be supplied with enquiries and orders for conductors. 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following doc

28、uments are referred to in this Standard: AS 1279Copper refinery shapes 1391Methods for tensile testing of metals 1574Copper and copper alloysWire for electrical purposes 2505Methods for bend and related testing of metals 2505.5 Part 5: Torsion and wrapping tests on wires 2857Timber drums for insulat

29、ed electric cables and bare conductors C365Drums for bare stranded conductors C365.2 Part 2: Metal drums IEC 468Method of measurement of resistivity of metallic materials 1.3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard the following definitions apply: 1.3.1 Wire a filament of drawn metal having a c

30、onstant circular cross-section. 1.3.2 Conductor a finished circular stranded assembly consisting of seven or more wires laid up together. 1.3.3 Diameter the mean of two measurements at right angles taken at any one cross-section. 1.3.4 Direction of lay the direction of lay is defined as right-hand o

31、r left-hand, as follows: (a)Right-hand laywhen the slope of the wires is in the direction of the central part of the letter Z when the conductor is held vertically. (b) Left-hand laywhen the slope of the wires is in the direction of the central part of the letter S when the conductor is held vertica

32、lly. 1.3.5 Lay length the axial length of one complete turn of the helix formed by an individual wire in a stranded conductor. 1.3.6 Lay ratio the ratio of the lay length to the nominal external diameter of the corresponding layer of wire in the stranded conductor. 1.3.7 Breaking load of a wire the

33、maximum load obtained in a tensile test of that wire. 1.3.8 Ultimate tensile stress the breaking load divided by the original cross-sectional area of the test wire. 1.3.9 Spool a container of wire which is to be installed on a stranding machine to manufacture the conductor. 1.3.10Informative appendi

34、x an appendix giving additional information, recommendations, guidelines or other non-mandatory statements. 1.4 NOMENCLATURE Hard-drawn copper conductors covered by this Standard shall have the code HDCu. COPYRIGHT 5AS 17461991 SECTION 2 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS AND WIRE PROPERTIES 2.1 GENERAL The cond

35、uctor shall be constructed of hard-drawn copper wire having the properties specified in this Standard. It is not intended that wires from a finished conductor purporting to comply with this Standard should be subjected to chemical analysis. 2.2 MATERIAL The copper shall comply with the high conducti

36、vity alloy, 110A (or equivalent), as specified in AS 1279. The wire shall be in hard (H) condition as specified in AS 1574. 2.3 WIRE PROPERTIES 2.3.1General Before stranding, all wires shall have a round cross-section within the limits specified in Table 2.1. Standard wire sizes and properties are l

37、isted in Table 2.2. For non-standard sizes, the wires shall meet the dimensional tolerances of Table 2.1 and, for wires up to 4.5 mm diameter, have the minimum ultimate tensile stress (UTS) determined from the following equation: Minimum UTS = 480-20d where Minimum UTS is in megapascals and d = nomi

38、nal diameter of wire, in millimetres Joints in wires shall comply with Clause 3.2. Joints may be made in the base rod or wire before final drawing. TABLE 2.1 TOLERANCE ON DIAMETER OF WIRES Material Norminal diameter mm Tolerance on measurements, with reference to nominal diameter Mean diameter Max.

39、ovality (difference between max. and min. at same cross-section) CopperAll diameters 1%2% 2.3.2 Copper wires 2.3.2.1 General The required properties of standard sizes of copper wires are given in Table 2.2. Values adopted for the basic properties of copper wires, for the purpose of this Standard, ar

40、e set out in Clauses 2.3.2.2 to 2.3.2.6. 2.3.2.2 Density The density at 20C of copper wire is taken as 8.89 10 3 kg/m3. 2.3.2.3 Resistivity The maximum value of resistivity at 20C of copper wire is 0.01777 .m (this corresponds to 97 percent conductivity IACS*). 2.3.2.4 Constant-mass temperature coef

41、ficient of resistance (20) The constant-mass temperature coefficient of resistance of copper wire at 20C, measured between two potential points rigidly fixed to the wire, is taken as 0.00381 per degree Celsius. 2.3.2.5 Modulus of elasticity The modulus of elasticity of copper wire is taken as 124 GP

42、a. 2.3.2.6 Coefficient of linear expansion The coefficient of linear expansion of copper wire is taken as 17 10 6 per C. TABLE 2.2 PROPERTIES OF HARD-DRAWN COPPER WIRES 12345678 Standard diameters Cross- sectional area Mass per km Minimum breaking load Minimum ultimate tensile stress Maximum d.c. re

43、sistance per km at 20C NominalMax.Min. mmmmmmmm2kgkNMPa 1.00 1.25 1.75 1.010 1.263 1.768 0.990 1.238 1.733 0.7854 1.227 2.405 6.98 10.9 21.4 0.361 0.558 1.07 460 455 445 22.6 14.5 7.39 2.00 2.50 2.75 2.020 2.525 2.778 1.980 2.475 2.723 3.142 4.909 5.940 27.9 43.6 52.8 1.38 2.11 2.52 440 430 425 5.66

44、 3.62 2.99 3.00 3.50 3.75 3.030 3.535 3.788 2.970 3.465 3.713 7.069 9.621 11.04 62.8 85.5 98.1 2.97 3.94 4.47 420 410 405 2.51 1.85 1.61 Tabulated values are based on nominal diameters given in Column 1 and are provided for information only. *International Annealed Copper Standard COPYRIGHT AS 17461

45、9916 SECTION 3 CONDUCTOR REQUIREMENTS 3.1 CONSTRUCTION 3.1.1 General The wire used in the construction of copper conductors shall, before stranding, comply with Section 2 of this Standard. All wires in a conductor shall lie naturally in their correct positions. They shall remain in position when the

46、 conductor is cut at any point, and shall permit restranding by hand after being forcibly unravelled. 3.2 JOINTS IN WIRES OF CONDUCTORS 3.2.1 General All joints made during the stranding operation shall be in accordance with Clauses 3.2.2 and 3.2.3. They shall be free from visible defects. Test spec

47、imens containing a joint are not required to fulfil the mechanical requirements of a wire without a joint. 3.2.2 Conductors containing seven wires For conductors containing seven wires, joints in the wires shall be made only by cold-pressure butt-welding. The minimum distance between any two joints

48、in the conductor shall be 15 m. 3.2.3 Conductors containing more than seven wires For conductors containing more than seven wires joints in the wires shall be made by cold-pressure butt-welding, resistance butt-welding or resistance brazing. The minimum distance between two such joints in the conduc

49、tor shall be 15 m. 3.3 LAY 3.3.1 Lay ratio The lay ratio of the different layers shall be within the limits given in Table 3.1. 3.3.2 Direction of lay In all constructions, the successive layers shall have opposite directions of lay, the outermost layer being right-handed. The wires in each layer shall be evenly and closely stranded. TABLE 3.1 LAY RATIOS FOR HARD-DRAWN COPPER CONDUCTORS 123456789 Number of wires in conductor Lay ratio 6-wire layer12-wire layer18-wire layer24-wire layer Min.Max.Min.Max.Min.Max.Min.Max